《CET完型填空》PPT课件

-,1,完型填空,-,2,注意事项,a.跟着感觉走（语感）：重视第一反应，不要轻易改答案b.正确选项：往往是相对简单的单词C.20个选项：一般n：3,v：5,adj：2其他词,-,3,做题步骤,1.浏览全文skimming（2-3分钟）：抓住首句，理清文章结构。把握感情色彩2.初选答案（8-10分钟）a.首先从语法和词汇入手*词义与句型*固定搭配*逻辑关系(P53.68.71)b.从句意入手先易后难，逐一排除3.回头补缺，核实答案（10-15分钟）主线：1.主题句.a文章主题b段落主题2.一致关系a词汇一致b语法一致C上下逻辑关系一致,-,4,逻辑关系词语,表示并列关系的:and,andalso,neithernor,eitheror,similary,likewise,inthesameway,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand.etc表示让步关系的:although,though,eventhough,nomatter,evenif,inspiteof,nevertheless,-,5,逻辑关系词语,表示因果关系的:so,becauseas,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,etc.表示列举关系的:first,second,third,firstly,secondly,next,inthefirstplace,foronething,tobeginwith,toconclude,etc.,-,6,1)Geographerscompareandcontrast_placesintheworld.A.similarB.variousC.distantD.famous2)somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow,butinsomeplaceitisvery_AdeepBhighCcoldDdangerous3)Whenourfriendshappyandup,thattendstoinfluenceusPositively_,whentheydown,thatcanhavea_impactonusA.forB.butC.inD.byA.relativeBdecisiveCnegativeDsensitive,-,7,技巧(一)第一个空的解题方法固定搭配感情色彩例1.weshouldexpectseeconsumersinapostivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreof-mannersAcasualBcriticalCseriousDfavorable2Itisaendeavorproject,easilysurlpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman_asthePananmaCanalAbehaviorsBendeavorsCinventionsDelements以名词为发散中心,-,8,例Withinthenextfifteenyearsmanhadgonetothemoon,searchingbeneathits_anddustysoilforsignsoflife.A.wetB.dampC.moistD.dry技巧(二)相似相反原则排除同性元素：排除选项中有2-3个表达同一个意思并词性完全一样的单词,-,9,例:Mygrandmotherworkedhardallday,makingbutter,washingclothes,cleaningthehouse,andeven_inthefieldwhenhelpwasscarce.A.workedB.workingC.playD.playing技巧(三)寻找同现同现是指在文章中,一组具有共同倾向性词汇.讲述一定的话题例：,-,10,例Campshavebeguntocloseasthey-intendedtobepermanetAyetBonceCneverDever技巧(4)运用已知的社会常识或背景解题这体现了做完型填空的主线：利用已知道信息推测未信息Interstatehigwaysmakeseconimicgrowthbymakingthingsless-AexclusiveBcomparativeCcompetiveDexpensive,-,11,例1：IndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalong81ofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshouldOntheotherhand,ifyouliveinacountrywherethereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish，A)customB)useC)traditionD)habit,-,12,例4：Ournewhouseisvery_formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.AadaptableBcomfortableCconvenientDavailable技巧寻找复现复现相同的单词在文章中不同地方出现,-,13,例.1Laguagepermitscommunicatesaboutanything-thingslikethingsthathaveneverexistedAonlyBalmostCevenDjust例.2Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;_whathereallyneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystem.A.otherwiseB.moreoverC.howeverD.also,-,14,技巧运用逻辑关系解题表示转折关系的:but,however,yet,inspiteofalthough,though,onthecontraryunfortunately表示递进关系的:even,besidesfurthermore,likewisemoreover,inaddition,whatsmore,.notonly.butalso,-,15,只能用That不能用which的情况1。先行词为序数词数词形容词的最高级时候2。不定代词如anythingnothingtheoneall等做先行词时3。在therebe句型中4。先行词有theonlythevery修饰时5。先行词既有人又有物时,-,16,后面加动名词集锦preventpractisestandforgivesuggestKeepbeusedtodevoteoneselftobebusylookforwardtoitisworthCannothelp,-,17,动词后面省略TO集锦Hadbetter(not)doWouldratherdothandoSeewatchhearsmellmakelethavehelpNeedwantrequiredeservedemand后面可以接doing也可以接tobedone表示相同的意思ThedeskneedsreparingThedeskneedstoberepaired,-,18,技巧(五)动词切入点主语是人还是物doubt接人manifest接物物理性与抽象性enhance提高play打球tighten褒贬一致exposurescandal及物与不及物makeletgethelpsee,-,19,技巧(七)名词切入点,A名词做主语主谓搭配是否一致B名词做宾语动宾搭配是否一致C名词处于先行词whowhom人where地点why原因When时间which人或物不管以动词,名词或其它词性为切入点,当没有解题方法时候,均可以一核心名词为切入点,-,20,阅读理解与完型填空的关系阅读理解解题的三条主线A传统(经典)解题回文定位1.显性信息时间,地点,人物,大写字母,长难单词,但是不能用核心名词来定位2.自然段原则3.上下卡位答案1,原文重现-快速阅读2,同替换义-精细阅读,-,21,B猜题1.上下题目互给信息2.相似相反原则3.主旨靠近主旨覆盖C选择题本身特点1排除法绝对性词语,精细阅读中照抄原文的,主旨与推断题目中细节信息2.代入法解决词汇语义题,-,22,完型填空A传统的解题方法1固定搭配2逻辑关系3以动词为切入点4以名词为切入点5感情色彩B经典解题技巧6寻找复现7寻找同现8已有的社会常识和背景9以核心名词为发散中心C选择题目本身的特点10排除同性元素,-,23,我永恒,-,24,曾经有一份爱情出现在我面前，我没有好好珍惜，如果再给我一次机会的话，我会对我爱的人说“我爱你”，如果要加一个期限的话我希望是一万年,-,25,语法大项,虚拟语气定义：表示说话人的主观愿望或者假想.所以所说的条件一般是与现实相反的,时态退后最大的特点,-,26,一)用于非真实条件下的状语从句,与现在事实相反例：IfIweregirl,Iwouldmarryyou.Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpyou.,-,27,-,28,例1.Ifyouhadworkedharder,youwouldhavepasstheCET4练习IfMarryhadnotbeenbadlyhurtinaccident,she-inlastmonthSmarathonraceAwouldparticipateCmightparticipateBwouldhaveparticipateDmustparticipate,-,29,-,30,例1.Ifhesucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifheshould(wereto)succeeded,everythingwouldbeallright,-,31,-todothework,IshoulddoitsomeotherdayAIfwereIBIwereCwereIDwas如果虚拟条件从句中含有wereshould或had可将if省略,再把wereshould或had移到从句句首,进行倒装.Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpyouwerehehere,hewouldhelpyouI注意如果说wereInottodo而不能说werentInottodo,-,32,二)用于名词性从句,3.Theprofessorrequiredthat-(我们交报告)bytheendofmonth(2006.06)切块：我们we,交handin,报告report,研究researchWeshouldhandintheresearchreport1)Ordersuggestpropose(proposal)requiredemandrequestinsistcommandideaadviceplan等表示命令,请求,建议,命令,要求等一类词在从句中(should)动词原形例句Imakeaproposalthatweshouldholdameeeingnextweek,-,33,AYourpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeillBYourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareillCIinsistthatyoushouldbewrongDIinsistthatyouwerewrongSuggest不表示建议而表示“暗示表明”时候用陈述语气insist不表示坚持要某人做某事时而表示“坚持认为”的的时候要用陈述语气,-,34,2)wish用法IwishIwerehandsomeboy(事实上并没有)Hewishhehadntsaidthat(事实上已经讲了),-,35,3)Itis(high)timethat在句型中的应用Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should动词原形AItis(high)timethatthechildrenwenttobedBItis(high)timethatthechildrenshouldgotobed,-,36,4)ifonly用法a.ifonly表示如果就好了ifonlyIwereahandsomeboyb.onlyif表示只有才Iwakeuponlyiftheclockrings,-,37,倒装知识要点:倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：,-,38,1、否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构（hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,，undernocircumstances,innoway，nosoonerthan）hardly.whennotuntil用于句首时所导致的倒装。例1.IhaveneverseensobeatifulgirlNeverhaveIseensobeatifulgirl.例2.ThemontherdidnotleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleepNotuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom,-,39,notuntil时间状语（正常语序）助动词主语他刚试着使用这台机器它就不转了-thanitdidnotworkNosoonerthanTrytouseHehadtriedtouseNosoonehadhetriedtousethemachine,-,40,2、虚拟倒装。指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把should,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装。e.g.WereIyou,Illneverpromisetodothat.3、强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如：only等例youlearnEnglishwellonlyinthiswayonlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell,-,41,4、省略倒装。涉及词语包括so,neither,norTomcanspeakEnglishsocanjackIfyouwontgo,neitherwillIShelikeswimmingsodoIShelikeswimmingsoshedose当引出的句子用于对上文的内容加以肯定或证实时候,不可用倒装结构,意思为“的确如此”,-,42,动词的非谓语形式,1有一个女孩子坐在那里thereisagirlsittingthere2.在中国人们讲什么样的语言Whatislanguagespokeninchina动词做后置定语时，要看该动词与之前名词的关系，如果是主动关系，则为ing形式，如果是被动关系，则为过去分词形式真题演练母亲看着她受伤的儿子送进手术室,-,43,Themotherwacthedherinjuredsontakenintotheoperatingroom3.-fromthemoon.XiaMenisverybeatifulAsawB.seeingCseenDbeingsen例Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists-AdoctorscametotheirrescueBthetallbuidingcollapsedCanemergencywastakenDwarningweregiventotourists,-,44,4.-isafineday,wearegoingtotravel.AwhatBItisCItbeingDItwas动词的独立主格结构相当于状语。或者是表语，在句子中充当时间，原因，地点等该句子结构一般1。有两个不同的主语2，中间有逗号隔开这个时候应该将其谓语动词变成being,-,45,第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）2虚拟3被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注,-,46,【CET-4：2006.6】87Havingspentsometimeinthecity，hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些时间后，他能毫不费力地找到去历史博物馆的路。【解析】题干中已经给出havenotrouble，说明考查的是have(no)trouble(in)doingsth这一词组的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是答案需要使用动名词形式。“找到去的路”应该用findthewayto。,-,47,虚拟语气1.Thevictim-(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime(2006.12)正常语序ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintimeThevictim-(本来有机会活下来)活survive有机会haveachanceWoudhaveachancetosurvived2.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary-(就不会被大雨淋了)(2009.06)被雨淋Catchin大雨heavyrainWoudnothavebeencaughtinheavyrain,-,48,3.Theprofessorrequiredthat-(我们交报告)bywednsday(2006.06)切块：我们we,交handin,报告report,研究researchWeshouldhandintheresearchreport,-,49,倒装1.Notonly-(他向我收费过高),buthedidnotdoagoodrepaireither收费charge过高收费overcharge时态过去式Heoverchargedmedidheovercharge2.-(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyillHerealizedthathewasseriouslyill-(直到他完成使命)完成finish使命missiontask直到untilNotuntilhehadfinishedthemission,-,50,Havingspentsometimeinthecity,he-(找到去历史博物馆)hadnotroublethewaytothehistorymuseum(2006.06)切块.-找到Find去路thewayto历史history博物馆museum答案-fingdingthewaytothehistorymuseum.,-,51,状语从句1)时间状语从句Somepsychhologistsclaimthatpeople-(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)2006.12切块-feellonelybeawayfromhome答案-mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome条件状语从句pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning(如果你方便的话)200612Ifitisconvenientforyou,-,52,1.SincemychildIhavefoundthattome-(没有什么比读书更有吸引力)nothingismorethanreading2.Themoreyouexplain-(我愈加迷惑)themoreconfusedIam名词性从句-(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossibleforchildren.切块-父母parents关心concernabout大多数mostof答案-whatmostofparentsareconcernabout,-,53,固定搭配1.Thenationpopulationcontinusestorise-(以每年1200万的速度速度)切块-以速度attherateof答案-attherateof12millionperyear2.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete-(决定退出比赛)切块-决定做某事decidetodosth退出quit答案-decidetoquitthematch,-,54,反译法注意.实在翻译不出来,不要硬拼凑.可以用反译1河水还没有干Thereisstillwaterintheriver2他每次都赢Heneverlose,-,55,作文1.五级评分标准2.字数适中3.不同的单词表达同一意思,-,56,1)表示看法Peoplehave(takeadoptassume)differentattitudestowardssthPeoplehavedifferentviewsonthequestionsomepeoplebelievethatothersarguethat2)表示重要必要困难方便可能Itisimportant(necessarydiffcultconvenientpossble)forsb.todosthItplaysanimportantroleinourlife,-,57,3)表示好处IthasthefollowingadvantagesItbenefitsusalotItdoseusquitealot4)表示坏处IthasmoredisadvantagethanadvantageItdoseusmuchharmItisharmfultous5)表示原因ThereasonsforthisisobviousWehavegoodreasontobelievethat,-,58,表示措施WeshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasuresWeshouldsolvetheproblemthatweareconfrontedwith表示结论1.fromwhathasbeenmentionedabovewecancometoconlusionthat.2Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows3.Inshort,itcanbesaidthat,-,59,表示顺承1.everyswordhastwoblades2.eachcoinhastwosides3.everythingdividesinto表示现状.事实1.Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin2.noonecandenythefactthat.3.wecannotignorethefactthat,-,60,表示比较的peredwithA,B2Ipreferto.ratherthan套语1.itiswellknowntousthat2asisknowntous3.thisisatopicthatisbeingtalkedabout4.fromthegraph(tablechart)listedabove.itcanbeseenthat5.asaproverbsayswherethereisawill.thereisaway,-,61,AdvantageanddisadvantageNowadays,Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,withtheadeventof-.manypeopleprefer-becauseitplaysasignificantroleinourdailylife.Generallyspeaking,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.ononehand-ontheotherhand-,-,62,However,everyswordhastwoblades.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoaparent,oneoftheprominentdisadvantagesisthat-Tomakethemattersworse,-,-,63,Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepostiveaspectsfaroutweighsitsnegativeas