大学体验英语 视听说4(unit6)听力材料及课后答案

Unit 6Psychological HealthFamous Quote The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself. Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin (1706 1790): One of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. He helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity.Unit Overview Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems, not only physically but also psychologically. In this unit, students will be introduced to the importance of psychological health and ways to achieve it through listening, watching and reading. Various activities will inspire the students to talk about ways to cope with stress and to be happy by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus” with their peers. In this unit, you willl get to know ways to deal with stress that comes from stressful situations, different life periods and difficult people through listening, watching and readingl talk about the impact of stress on your physical and especially mental health, and the ways to deal with stress through guided activitiesl conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus” with your peersl pick up useful words and expressions l learn to reflect on your own learning and comment on that of your peersl learn to think independently, critically and creativelyBackground InformationModern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isnt always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when youre constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way. When you sense danger- whether its real or imagined- the bodys defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the “fight-or-flight” reaction, or the stress response. The stress response is the bodys way of protecting you. When working properly, it helps you stay focused, energetic, and alert. In emergency situations, stress can save your life giving you extra strength to defend yourself, for example, or spurring you to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident. The stress response also helps you rise to meet challenges. Stress is what keeps you on your toes during a presentation at work, sharpens your concentration when youre attempting the game-winning free throw, or drives you to study for an exam when youd rather be watching TV.But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life. Effects of chronic stressThe body doesnt distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When youre stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation. If you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be “on” most of the time. The more your bodys stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and the harder it is to shut off. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-term stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression. Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:l Pain of any kind l Heart disease l Digestive problems l Sleep problems l Depression l Obesity l Autoimmune diseases l Skin conditions, such as eczema Topic Preview1. Read the passage on Page X and learn useful expressions related to the relationship between healthy mind and healthy body. 2. Log on line and search for information concerning the importance of psychological health and some kinds of psychological health problems. Lesson One Lead inTask 1Describing the PictureTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to prepare students for the topic “stressful situations”. 2. Ask students to describe the picture with their peers. 3. Here are some questions for students to discuss: How do the following people look? What may have caused them to look that way? Have you experienced such state of mind? Describe the pictures first and then discuss the stressful situations in modern life. Task 2Reflecting on the ReadingTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to check students understanding of the reading material. 2. Ask students to answer the following questions. Read through the Supplementary Reading on page X, and answer the following questions.1. How differently did the remaining Bell Labs executives perform according to the study conducted by Dr Salvatore Maddi and his team?Answer: One group of them developed severe performance problems and health issues over the next few years; the other group remained healthy, enthusiastic and performed well at work.2What does the case of Smitha, the airhostess, tell us?Answer: It is possible to learn these attitudes of dealing with stress.3. What did the study conducted by Drs Dacher Keltner and LeeAnne Harker reveal?Answer: A happy disposition is one of the better predictors of health. 4. Why did the author say “In our busy world, we need to make time and demonstrate love and affection to our children”?Answer: Studies show that children need this to grow happily and healthily.5. What did Writer William Helmreich deem an important factor in the thousands of Jews building a good life after they had survived the German death and torture factories and moved to America?Answer: To find meaning in their experience and “interpret their survival in a way to give meaning to the rest of their lives.” Task 3 Expanding Your VocabularyTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to enlarge students vocabulary and improve their ability to explain words in English.2. Ask students to match the words with the correct meaning and memorize the English explanations. Read through the words in the left-hand column, and match each of them with the appropriate meaning in the right-hand column.1. expertA.the degree to which a thing extends2. active B.a person with special knowledge, skill or training in sth.3. involved C.being part of sth. or connected with sth.4. constantly D.unwillingly5. extent E.all the time; repeatedly6. reluctantly F.always busy doing things, especially physical activitiesKey: 1-B 2-F 3-C 4-E 5-A 6-D Audio Studio Word Bank1. contagious2. obscure3. protective 4. content5. reveal6. coronary7. clinicaladj.adj.adj.adj.v.adj.adj.spreading easily from one person to another 感染的not easily or clearly seen or understood; indistinct; hidden 不分明的that protects or is intended to protect保护的satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 满足的make (fact, etc.) known 使（事实等）显露出来of the arteries supplying blood to the heart 冠状动脉的of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illness 临床的Task 1 Identifying the GistTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to understand the general idea of the audio clip. 2. Ask students to go over the questions and make their choices quickly. 3. Tell them not to worry about individual words but to focus on understanding the whole passage. 4. Play the audio clip and ask students to make the correct choices.Listen to the audio clip, and choose the right answers to the questions.1. Whats the topic of this audio clip? A) Symptoms of heart diseaseR B) A new report from Dr. Davidson C) Dr. Davidson and her report2. Which is NOT true about happiness?R A) It may lead to more chance of heart attack. B) Happiness is contagious. C) Happiness can keep you healthy.Task 2 Checking the FactsTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to focus on important details and useful sentence structures.2. Play the audio clip again and ask students to answer the questions.3. Allow students some time to finish this task, and then check their answers.Listen to the audio clip again, and answer the following questions.1. Who is Dr. Davidson?Answer: A New York researcher.2. How long does Dr. Davidsons research last? Answer: 10 years.3. What does her study imply? Answer: Remaining happy may help prevent heart disease.ScriptIt is said that happiness is contagious. The supporting evidence is everywhere: from the streets of Rio during Carnival to more obscure celebrations elsewhere in the world. But long-term happiness may also be healthy. New York researcher Dr.Karina Davidson certainly thinks so. Dr. Davidson is a lead researcher in a 10-year study of more than 1,700 healthy men and women. The study revealed that people who are happy and content with their lives are 22% less likely than unhappy people to have a heart attack or suffer from symptoms of heart disease.Maintaining happy is surely protective of your mental health and this observational study is one of the first studies to show it may also protect your physical health. It is the first to show an independent relationship between positive emotions and coronary heart disease. But Dr. Davidson stresses that more work and clinical trials are needed before any treatment recommendations can be made. She says, though, that the study is the first step in providing doctors better insight about how to interact with their patients. The study may eventually shift healthcare providers to thinking about how they can help patients make sure that the things that make them happy stay in their routine. Heart disease is the leading killer of men and women in most industrialized countries. Dr. Davidson says she hopes her report will shine a light on a new approach for prevention. Source Video StudioWord Bank1.be gaga overbe crazy about 对着迷2.be onbe on air 上节目3.counteractv.oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions 消解5.adrenalinn.肾上腺素6.apatheticadj.showing little or no emotion or animation 冷淡的7.in knotsnervous, strained 紧张的8.cumulativeadj.increasing by successive addition, accumulative 累积的9.sleep insleep later than usual or customary, sleep late 睡懒觉10.beat adj.very tired 非常疲惫的11.hamperv.prevent the progress or free movement of 防碍12.cortisoln.皮质(甾)醇13.taxv.make heavy demands on (sth.), strain 造成(某事物)的重负Task 1 Matching & PredictingTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to identify key information and familiarize them with useful expressions. 2. Allow students some time to complete the statements with the given phrases.3. Pair up students. Have them discuss the answers and predict the topic of the video clip.4. Play the video clip and check the answers.Complete the following statements with the phrases given below. Predict what will be talked about in the video. Then check your answers after watching the video clip.fight offpump out break uplead toin knotssleep in 1. And then the last guy hired me, because, you know, when youre kind of over it, youre no longer in knots. 2. Thats why a lot of people, they want to sleep in on the weekends or on Friday nights.3. so everything all your bodys resources are being taken to focus on dealing with the stress instead of fighting off the cold.4. Yea, I mean when youre stressed, your body is pumping out more chemicals and hormones like cortisol and5. It does. Well, its like laughing. Its something physical that sort of like breaks up the hormones that are going through your body.Task 2 Bridging the GapTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to take down key information through viewing. 2. Before playing the video clip again, ask students to fill in the blanks from memory.3. Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information.4. Allow students enough time to take down notes.Watch the video clip once again and fill in the blanks.Example situationsWays that help to stress lessHaving to give a presentation to your boss, or walk in and ask for a raise1) Take some deep breaths; 2) focus on your heart beating fast;even imagine butterflies flying, and flying in formation.Being stressed for a long time Act like you have a cold, treat yourself like you are sick;1) take relaxation seriously; 2) make sure you get enough sleep.When stress is making you physically ill, making you achyStraighten up, drop the shoulders, breathe deeply and make sure your posture is good.When stressed by heavy traffic Yelling or screaming helps. When Amy is interviewed in this programSit up straight, take deep breaths, laugh.Task 3 Checking Your ComprehensionTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to grasp important information. 2. Ask students to read the statements quickly and prepare for the listening.3. Play the video clip again. Ask students to focus on the key information.4. Allow students enough time to make corrections. Watch the video clip again. Identify the incorrect information in the following statements, and make corrections where necessary.1.Stress makes people nervous, so all stress is not helpful at all. Correction: Some stress called EU-stress helps people focus. 2. In stressful situations, people should not pay attention to their heart beating fast. Correction: In some stressful situations, people can even focus on their heart beating fast.3. Stress would go away all by itself.Correction: Stress is cumulative. 4. Drinking helps people to deal with the week-long stress effect on them.Correction: Drinking actually can worsen the bodys reaction. 5. Amy admits she is stressed at the end of the show.Correction: Amy claims that she is not stressed and that she feels ok.ScriptHow to Stress LessHostess: Welcome back to Todays Woman, and a lesson in how to stress less. Feeling overwhelmed? Thats no surprise when youve got bills to pay and mouths to feed, let alone one hundred other little things on your to-do list. Host, Jason Breezley: But not all stress is bad stress. Amy Brightfield, the health editor for Womans Day Magazine is here to explain. Hostess: We should point out Amys a little stressed because shes all gaga over this one. Amy Brightfield: II Yes, yes, its a its a stress is a physical response you have to a stressful situation. That can be good stress. This is good stress. (Is there good stress?) I want to be stressed about being on with Jason Breezley. Jason Breezley: And how would you relieve that stress? You would take some deep breaths? Amy Brightfield: Take some deep breaths and cause that actually counteracts the physical response, and actually laugh like were doing. Laughing actually physically counteracts the response youre having.Hostess and Jason Breezley: Nice to hear it. Hostess: But there are some situations, though, that are really stressful. For instance, you have to give a presentation to your boss, you have to, wanna walk in and ask for a raise, you wanna those kind of things are tough. How do you manage that sort of work stress?Amy Brightfield: Well, actually, thats when stress can help you because, they call it EU-stress actually, which is good stress. It means EU-stress and it actually helps you focus, so you would have adrenalin going, it actually helps focus better when youre gonna make that presentation, so thats the situation when you take some deep breaths. And before you go in, maybe even focus on your heart beating fast or even imagine the butterflies like, flying like in formation before you go in and make the presentation.Hostess: You know what is funny? Im the least stressed when I feel almost apathetic. Like its almost like when you are so . cause once when I was looking for a job, one point I got rejected so many times, I didnt care. And then the last guy hired me, because, you know, when youre kind of over it, youre no longer in knots. (right, right) Is stress somewhat cumulative? Like, lets say, Jason has a stressful day today, which (the other two laughing) and then tomorrow, does it blead into tomorrow, or does it sort of go away?Amy Brightfield: It is. It is. It is kind of like when you have long term stress, you should act like you have a cold, you should treat yourself like you are sick. Because it is cumulative. Because its a physical response. It taxes your body, so you have to take relaxation seriously, you have to make sure you get enough sleep. So it definitely is cumulative. Thats why a lot of people, they want to sleep in on the weekends or on Friday nights. I know my husband is always just beat on Friday night, because it is out of the stress and going and going has caught up with him. And finally youve taken a moment to stop and you realize the effect that its having on you physically. Jason