虚拟语气11559PPT课件.ppt

.,1,虚拟语气Subjunctive,.,2,何谓“语气”,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。,.,3,英语中的语气,英语中共有三种语气,陈述语气(theIndicativeMood),祈使语气(theImperativeMood),虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood),.,4,陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,.,5,.,6,Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?,Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.,.,7,祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。,.,8,.,9,.,10,.,11,虚拟语气,虚拟语气：是一种特殊的动词形式。他的作用是：表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。,.,12,Ihaveacar.我有一部车。（指现在有）Ihadacar.我有一部车。（指过去有）IwishIhadacar.但愿我有一部车。（实际没有，表愿望）,.,13,一、if条件句中的虚拟语气,haddone（过去完成时）,过去式(did)bewere,did/wereshould+doweretodo,wouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight,wouldshould+dosthcouldmight,wouldshould+dosthcouldmight,.,14,1.表示与现在事实相反的假设,如果我有时间，我就要学习英语。IfI_(have)time,I_(study)English.,had,wouldstudy,如果我是你，我就会买这栋房子。IfI_(be)you,I_(buy)thehouse.,were,Wouldbuy,如果我能飞，我要飞到空中。IfI_(canfly),I_（fly)inthesky.,couldfly,wouldfly,.,15,1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.IfIhadsomemoney,I_thepoorboy.AhelpBwillhelpC.wouldhelpD.wouldhavehelp3.IfI_tenyearsyounger,I_outtotrymyluck.A.am,wouldgoB.was,willgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone,.,16,2.表示与过去事实相反的假设,如果我采纳了你的建议，我就不会犯这个错误了。IfI_(take)youradvice,I_(make)thismistake.,hadtaken,wouldnthavemade,如果他当时用功学习的话，他可能就得到奖学金了。Ifhe_(study)hard,he_(win)thescholarship.,Hadstudied,如果昨天他见到你，他就可能问你这个问题。Ifhe_(see)youyesterday,he_(ask)youaboutit.,couldhavewin,hadseen,Wouldhaveasked,.,17,1.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I_youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet2.Thefire_,ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothavebeenburntD.wouldnotburnt3.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,D,c,D,.,18,3.与将来事实相反的假设,即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会改变我的心意。Ifthesun_(raise)inthewest,I_(notchange)mymind.,raised/shouldraid/weretoraise,wouldnotchange,.,19,如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园了。Ifit_(rain)tomorrow,we_(go)tothepark.,rained,wouldnotgo,如果我们再有另外7天假的话，我们都会感到跟高兴的。Ifwe_(have)another7-dayholiday,allofus_(be)morehappier,had,wouldbe,.,20,1.Ifhe_metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable2.Ifit_rainthisevening,IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might3.Ifit_tosnownextweek,Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage.A.isB.beC.wereD.are,.,21,一、if条件句中的虚拟语气,haddone（过去完成时）,过去式(did)bewere,did/wereshould+doweretodo,wouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight,wouldshould+dosthcouldmight,wouldshould+dosthcouldmight,.,22,1.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented2.Ifmyfather_herethedayaftertomorrow,he_meatall.A.came,cantseeBcomes,couldntseeC.comes,couldnthaveseenD.came,couldntsee3.IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay,.,23,如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。Ifit_foggytomorrow,I_mycartogoshopping.2.如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军.IfI_aboy,I_certainlyjointhearmy.3.如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故.Ifyou_yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_.,were,couldntdrive,were,would,haddriven,couldnthavehappened,.,24,4.错综时间条件句,条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综时间条件条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如果你昨天与他交谈一下，你就知道现在该做什么了。Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.,.,25,如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）Ifyou_(follow)thedoctorsadvice,you_(be)allrightnow.如果气候再好些，庄稼会长的更好。Iftheweather_(be)finer,thecrops_(be)growingstillbetter.,hadfollowed,wouldbe,hadbeen,wouldbe,.,26,1.Ifyou_themedicine,you_betternow.A.took;wouldfeelB.hadtaken;feltC.hadtaken;wouldfeelD.took;wouldhavefelt2.Ifyouwereolder,I_youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed,.,27,3.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtogoabroadtoday,we_attheairport.A.willseeheroffB.haveseenheroffC.wouldseeheroffD.hadseenheroff4.-Ishefeelinganybetter?-No,ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,he_quiteallrightnow.A.willhavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wouldbeD.willbe,.,28,5.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；,条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词,并且条件句在句子前面，可以把if省略，然后把相应助动词提到句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.,.,29,1.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?_aflood,whatshouldwedo?2.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain._Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.3.IfIhadtakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow._myumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.,Shouldtherebe,HadIhadtime,HadItaken,.,30,1.HadIknownhername,_A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2._yourofferofriceandvegetables,wewouldhavegonehungry.A.IfithasntbeenforB.WithC.HasitnotbeenforD.Haditnotbeenfor,.,31,注：并不是所有的if引导的条件句都用虚拟语气。当if引导的条件句的假设非常可能实现时，就不用虚拟语气，这种条件句叫做“真实条件句”。Ifthetemperature(温度)isupto100,thewaterwillboil.Itisraining.Ifwegoout,wellgetwet.Hurryup!Ifwedonthurry,wellbelate.Ifhecomes,tellhimtowait.需要用虚拟的条件句，叫做“虚拟条件句”。,.,32,1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoff,ifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined2.-Wouldyouhavecalledherup,_possible?-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomework.A.ithadbeenwasB.ifitwaswereC.ifithadbeenhadbeenD.ifitwerewouldbe,B,A,.,33,6.含蓄虚拟条件句,有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件句的形式表现出来。而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表现出来，这叫做含蓄虚拟语气条件句。without,with,butfor(要不是),undereg.Withoutyourhelp(=ifwehadnohadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。,.,34,eg.Withbetterequipment（=Ifwehadhadbetterequipment),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.如果又跟好的设备，我们也许会做的更好。eg.Butforelectricity(=iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。eg.Undersuchcircumstances,Iwouldhavedonethesame.在这样的情况下，我也会做同样的事情。,.,35,二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气,主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句,.,36,主语从句中的虚拟语气(should+do),句型1.Itis+adj.+that引导的主语从句此句型中adj.指的是形容事情重要性，令人吃惊，失望的形容词。如：important,essential(紧要的),vital(极其重要的)urgent(紧迫的),imperative(迫切的），necessary,appropriate(适当的),advisable(合理的),natural,proper(合适的),strange,.,37,重要的是你一定要吃药。Itisimportantthatyou_(take)themedicine.他有必要参加这次考试。Itisnecessarythathe_(take)theexam.她竟然嫁给了这种人，真奇怪/令人惊奇/令人失望。Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatsheshouldmarrysuchaman.,(should)take,(should)take,.,38,句型2：Itisapity/shamethat.Itisapity/shamethathe(should)belate.真可惜，他竟然迟到了。句型3：Itis+过去分词+that.过去分词指：表示建议，命令，要求的。如：ordered,suggested,requested,required,recommended,demanded,desired.e.g.Itsuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.有人建议他应该参加俱乐部活动,.,39,1.ItisimportantthatI_withMr.Williamsimmediately.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak2.Itisstrangethathe_so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak3.Itissuggestedthatwe_(make)aspecialstudyoftheproblem.Itsvitaltoherthatshe_(take)thismedicine.,(Should)make,take,.,40,2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气,（1）常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire,.,41,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即:从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,.,42,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。,WesuggestedthatTom_arest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,（should）have,.,43,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,.,44,注意：,当insist：不表示“坚持要某人做某事”，而表示“坚持说，坚决认为”不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。当suggest:不表示“建议某人做某事”,而表示“暗示”时，不用虚拟，用陈述语气。他坚持说他是对的。Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持要求我们到场。Heinsistedthatweshouldpresent.,.,45,（2）她脸上的微笑暗示我做的好。ThesmileonherfacesuggestedIdidagoodjob.老师建议我们多读英语。OurteachersuggestedthatwereadmoreEnglish.,.,46,1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset2.Marysuncleinsists_inthishotel.A,notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot3.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave,.,47,3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,相应的名词,insistenceorder，commandsuggestion,advice,proposaldemand,requirement,request,desire,修饰这些名词时表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式should+v.,.,48,我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。Myadviceisthatmoretrees_(plant)aroundthevillage.他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。Theirproposalisthatwe_(setup)asparetimeschoolforthem.他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。Hisrequirementisthatwe_(discuss)thereport.,(should)beplanted,shouldsetup,(should)discuss,.,49,我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe_(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwe_(begin)thesecondexperimentatonce?我们所有的人都赞同关闭这家化工厂。Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory_(be)closeddown.,(should)go,shouldbegin,shouldbe,.,50,1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Theorderthattheprisoner_arrivedtoolate.A.issetfreeB.shouldsetfreeC.besetfreeD.willbesetfree3.Hissuggestionthatthemeeting_wasturneddown.A.bedelayedB.willbedelayedC.woulddelayedD.isdelayed,.,51,4.Mydemandisthatshe_toseemeonceaweek.A.shouldcameB.willcomeC.iscomingD.come5.Theorderisthatyou_thatpersonasquicklyaspossible.A.foundB.willfindC.shouldfindD.wouldfind,.,52,1.用虚拟语气的名词性从句，都是that引导的。2.用虚拟语气的名词性从句，其形式都是：should+do(should可以省略）3.主语从句“itisthat”宾、表、同位语从句：注意表示一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求的词。,总结,.,53,三、其他句型中的虚拟语气,.,54,1.wish的宾语从句,wish的宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.不能用should,IwishIwereabird.(现在),IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去),Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),.,55,1.-Heisaverybraveman.-Yes,IwishI_hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.mayhave2.IwishI_abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldgo3.IwishI_youyesterday.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee4.IwishI_tenyearsyounger.A.amB.wereC.amgoingtoD.be,.,56,5.Iwishthatyou_.getagoodjobB.willgetagoodjobC.wouldgetagoodjobD.havegotagoodjob6.-Dontyouwanttogotoakaraokebarwithus?-IwishI_,butIhaveanappointment.A.mayB.couldC.canD.should7.-You_havesetasidemoretimetoplaywithourkids.-IwishI_,butyouknowhowbusyIwas.should;wouldB.could;didC.might;shouldD.should;had,.,57,2.Itstime+that从句中要用虚拟语气（过去式或should+do),不可省略should,你该走了。,(about/high),Itshightimethatyouwent.,Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwe_(go)tobed.,Itstimethatwe_(go)tobed.,went,shouldgo,.,58,1.Itstimewe_ourmeeting.A.mustbeginB.beginC.begunD.began2.-Tommy,isntittimeyou_theschoolbus?-Okay,I_mybreakfast.A.shouldcatch;havealmostfinishedB.catch;willalmostfinishingC.caught;amalmostfinishingD.willcatch;almostfinish24.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewe_themeeting.A.wouldstartB.hadstartedC.shallstartD.started,.,59,3.wouldrather+that引导宾语从句中（我宁愿),过去:现在：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),我宁愿你现在就付给我钱。（现在）Iwouldratheryou_(pay)menow.,paid,我宁愿你昨天也走了。（过去）Iwouldratheryou_(go)tooyesterday.,hadgone,别来，我宁愿你明天来。(未来)Dontcome.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.,came,.,60,回顾：wouldrather+动词原形意谓“宁可”、“宁愿”、“最好”E.g.：Hedratherworkinthecountryside.其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosthE.g.:Mr.Liwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic.如果表示对过去的愿望：wouldrather+havedone我宁愿昨天没有碰到他。Iwouldrathernothavemetyouyesterday.,.,61,1.-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,Idratheryou_.A.dontB.didntC.wontD.mustnt2.-Wouldyouliketoworkinmycompany?-Sorry,Idrather_here,butIdrathermybrother_toyourcompany.A.staying;goesB.tostay;togoC.stay;wentD.tostay;goes3.-Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?-Yes,butIdrather_it.A.notdoB.nottodoC.havenotdoneD.nothavedone,.,62,asif和asthough都表示“好像是”，引导的从句只要表示“与事实相反的”，都要用虚拟语气。,4.asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时/were,过去完成时,他的说话就像是认识我一样。Hetalksasifhe_(know)me.,她像爱自己儿子一样爱这个孩子。Shelovesthebabyasifit_(be)herownson.,were,knew,我记得这件事，好像昨天刚发生一样。Irememberthewholethingasifit_(happen)yesterday.,hadhappened,.,63,：此句型中的“现在”和“过去”指是:asif应到的从句动词和主句动词之间的关系。(1)现在：指从句动词和主句动词同时发生:Helooksasifhewereill.(他现在看起来好像有病。)Helookedasifhewereill.(他那时看起来好像有病。)(2)过去：指的是从句动词发生在主句动词之前：Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,注意,.,64,1.Franklinlookedasthoughhe_illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen2.Kittytalksasifshe_onthespot.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.be3.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe