2008至2015年专四语法单选真题及句子结构汇总

2008-2013年专四语法句子结构成分真题集II. 句子成分【08年】57. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party.61. The following are all correct responses to Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPTA. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that. D. Jim did.63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete _ everybody came?A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost64. In How much do you think he earns? how much is _ of the sentence.A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement65. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA. the man who has prepared the documents.B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents.D. the man who willprepare the documents.57. D. 本题是今年专四试卷中出现的新题型，对英语专业同学的语法知识提出了一个更高的要求。考查的是限定词位置的用法。英语中的限定词可分为前位限定词、中位限定词和后位限定词，一个名词前的限定词只能按照前位、中位、后位的顺序出现，其中两个前位或两个中位词不能同时出现在同一个名词前。many是后位限定词，而his是中位限定词，与限定词排序规则有悖，故D为答案。A选项中all是前位，his是中位，符合规则；B中half是前位，his是中位限定词；C中her是中位，few是后位限定词。61. A. 对Who told the news to the teacher的标准回答是Jim did，即Jim did it的省略句。此外，还可以用其他代词指代问句中出现的内容，so和that都可以指代前文中提到的内容，而this通常用于指代下文内容。63. D. 本题考查一般现在时的用法。在书报的标题、球赛现场报导、小说著作等的情况介绍常用一般现在时。如：The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil. 64. A. 考查倍数表达法。本题考查的就是倍数表达法中较为常见的一种：主语+谓语+倍数+the size/amount/length/width/depth/weight等抽象名词+of：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 其他几种常见的倍数表达法有：主语+谓语+倍数+as+adj/adv+as；主语+谓语+倍数+adj/adv比较级+than；65. B. 考查情态动词的用法。must作为情态动词除了表示命令、必须等意思之外，还有表示肯定推测，可能会怎么样的意思。A：你必须离开；C：你必须8点前到这儿；D：你必须按时完成阅读作业。如上三个意思均为“肯定、必须”。B：你一定感到很累了。表示肯定的判断，表示可能性，故选B。【09年】62. It seems that she was there at the conference. The sentence means thatA. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete _ everybody came?A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost64. In How much do you think he earns? how much is _ of the sentence.A. the subject B. the adverbialC. the object D. the complement65. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA. the man who has prepared the documents.B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents.D. the man who willprepare the documents.62. C题干的意思为“看上去她似乎去参加过会议了。”所以答案为C，在动词不定式中采用完成时态来表示过去发生的事情。 63. B B选项中quite为程度副词，需要修饰形容词或者副词，所以答案为B，其在语法上是不成立的。 64. C How much在句中作动词earns的宾语，所以答案为C。 65. D该题考查动词的-ing形式作伴随定语的用法，其含有正在进行，或者一直持续进行的意思，所以答案为D，D答案表示将来含义。 【10年】51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didnt get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.61. In the sentence Its no use waiting for her, the italicized phrase isA. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete Weve seen the film ?A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet51 答案： D. 本题为句意理解题。句中的斜体字部分from excessive reading是眼睛红的原因，故选D。句意：由于看书太多，她的眼睛红了。Die fromFor the sake of : for the purpose ofAs well as: 表示比较For： in spite of/despite56. 答案. C. 本题为句意表达题。不定代词each在句中可以作主语、宾语、定于和同位语，用作同位语时，each可以用在代词之后。选项A、B、D均符合语法要求，故选C。Each they改为each of them61 答案. D. 本题为句子成分题。在Its no use waiting for her中，it为形式主语，句子真正的主语是动名词短语waiting for her，故选D。A意为“宾语”，B意为“状语”，C意为“补语”。62答案. C. 考查限定词排序。限定词的相互搭配关系为：前位+中位+后位。四个选项中，只有C中的Many his为“后位+中位”，不符合限定词的相互搭配关系，故选C。63.答案. A. 本题为句子成分题。宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明，这个成分称之为宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语”，宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。选项A中的manager和宾语John之间存在逻辑主谓关系，故为宾语补足语。而选项B、C、D中的动词后面都是双宾语。64.答案. D. 本题为句意表达题，考查的是副词作状语的用法。选项D中的yet用于否定句和疑问句，而原句为陈述句，故选D。【11年】51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _ he was fifteen years ago.A. which B. whom C. who D. that52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?A. Beg your pardon. B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again! D. What noise you are making!53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didnt win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.54. When you have finished with the book, dont forget to return it to Tom, _?A. do you B. will you C. dont you D. wont you55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _.A. as a command B. as a condition C. for concession D. for emphasis56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.62. In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning” the italicized word is used to modify _.A. the object B. the verb C. the subject D. the prepositional phrase64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _.A. Ill get some drinks. Whatll you have? B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name? D. Can you return the book next week?65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?A. Mr. Smiths passport has been issued.B. The visitors arrival was reported in the news.C. Johns travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells childrens stories.51.D 解析：本题考察定语从句的用法。关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，无论指人还是指物，都只能用that，不用which，且that也可以省略。故选D。China is not the country (that) it was. Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. 。52.C 解析：本题考察几句常用口语的交际功能。答案显然是C。 53. A解析：本题考察四个介词短语的用法，显然选A。注意：B选项中的for all是一个复合介词，意思是“尽管”，表示让步。54. B 解析：本题考察反义疑问句的用法。我们知道，在否定的陈述句后面用will you?，故选B。55. D解析：本题考察现在分词做定语的用法，故选D。 56. 解析：本题考察倍数表达法。答案是B。在英语中，两倍的表达是twice，三倍以上才是three, four, five - times。57. A解析：本题考察习语结构not so much A as B（与其说是A，不容说是B）的用法。故选A。 58. C 解析：本题考察疑问词的用法，四个选项中只有how much做宾语，故选C。 59. B 解析：本题考察another的用法，这个词一般修饰单数名词，但也可修饰表示一个整体的复数名词。故选B60 D 解析：本题考察名词从句用法，正确答案是D。在本句中的，It做形式主语，that引导的从句做真正的主语。62.C 解析：本题考察反身代词的用法。题干中的himself显然是强调主语the manager，故选C.64,A解析：本题考察几句常用口语的交际功能。答案显然是A。65.B解析：本题考察名词所有格所表达的逻辑关系，正确答案是B，因为其他选项表示所属关系。【12年】51Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?ATwenty miles seems like a long walk to himBNo one except his supporters agree with himCNeither Julia nor I were going to the partyDFew students in my class are really lazy52Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?Amany a Bfew Csuch Dthe next53Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A，He promised himself rapid progressBThe manager herself will interview MaryCI have nothing to say for myselfDThey quarreled themselves red in the face55Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?ABy now she will be eating dinnerBI shall never do that againCMy brother will help you with the luggageDYou shall get a promotion56Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?AHow strange feelings they are!BHow dare you speak to me like that!CWhat noise they are making!D. What a mess we are in!57which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?AWe never doubt that her brother is honestBThe problem is not who will go but who will stayCYou must give it back to whoever it belongs to。DIt is clear that the crime was done deliberately58which of the italicized parts functions as an object?AHe doesnt like the idea of my speaking at the meetingBIt is no use your pretending not to know the matterCMy parents strongly object to my going out alone at nightDHer falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip59All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPTAShe bought herself a pair of new shoesBOnly one problem still remains-the foodCMy friends all understand and support meDShe liked her current job，teaching English60Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first”?AHe said that we were going to buy the tickets firstBHe requested that we buy the tickets firstCHe suggested that we buy the tickets firstDHe advised us to buy the tickets first61Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?AI got a job as soon as I left universityBAs there was no answer, I wrote againCYou must do the exercises as I show youDWealthy as he is，Mark is not a happy man62Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?AAre you sure of Simons disappearance?BThe man with a beard is talking to the manage.CEvery precaution was taken against the failure of the planDDespite the rain，everyone enjoyed the trip64Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?AThey used the box for keeping treasuresBI stepped aside for her to get in firstCFor all that he seems to dislike me，I still like himDThe parents bought a birthday cake for their son65Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?APoultry are very expensive in the cityBNew machinery were introduced in the factoryCThe police are investigating the murder caseDThe militia were called out to rescue flood victims51. C. 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with,with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。52. C. Many a 修饰单数可数名词， few 修饰复数可数名词，the next 修饰单数可数名词，只有such既修饰单数名词又修饰复数名词。53. B One way to identify an appositive is to ask the question: could this phrase replace the word next to it? Does this phrase make the word next to it all but unnecessary?A 中himself 作 promise的宾语；B中herself 作the manager 的同位语，C中myself 作介词for的宾语，D中themselves作quarreled的宾语。55. B Modal verb： A 意为现在她应该在用餐了， 表示推测， C，我哥哥会帮你拖行李的，表示将来时态，D, 你会升职的， 表示许诺，B， 我再也不会那么做了，Shall 表示意愿56. A Exclamative sentence: What + a/an + adj + n+S+P; What +adj+UN/N(pl.)+ S+P.How+adj/adv+S+P57. D Sentence elements: A 为object clause; B 为predicative clause;C为object clause， D为subject clause, it 是formal subject.58. D Sentence element: A为介词短语修饰名词，B是SUBJECT CLAUSE, C是OBJECT CLAUSE, D 是SUBJECT 59 A Sentence element ：A: SVOO. B中 the food是one problem的appositive, C,中all 是my friends 的appositive, D中teaching English 是her current job的appositive.60. C Modal verb: Shall we表示“征求意见”，A是陈述事实，B是提出请求 D是建议他人应该怎样做，C suggest表示建议61. B Adverbial clause: A为Adverbial clause of time, B 为Adverbial clause of cause, C,为Adverbial clause of manner，D为Adverbial clause of concession62 D Sentence element: A: prepositional phrase as a predicative, B prepositional phrase as a post-attribute, C .as a subject complement, D,as an adverbial.64 C Sentence element： A表用途， B表目的，C for all that表让步， D 表示对象65. B Collective noun: police, people, cattle, poultry, militia, 谓语动词用复数，machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,谓语动词动词用单数【13年】52.Xinchunreturnedfromaboardadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)_.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialD.complement.53.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)? _.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood? _.A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock?B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.55.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT_.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?_.A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.B.VictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.C.Thinkitoveragainandyoullgetananswer.D.Heissomewhatarrogant,andIdontlikethis.57.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)? _.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT_.A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek.C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.59.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?_.A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.60.Whichofinthefollowingphrasesindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship? _.A.ThearrivalofthetouristsB.ThelawofNewtonC.TheoccupationoftheislandD.TheplaysofOscarWilde61.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive? _.A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.C.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence? _.Letmedriveyouhome,shallI?Youwillmindyourownbusiness!Comeandhavedinnerwithus.Iwishyoucouldstaybehind.64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.C. Its getting late, and I must leave now.D. He must be working late at the office.65.Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCEPT_.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.52. 解析：此题恐怕是最受争议的题目了，有人认为选A，有人认为选D。根据English Grammar: A University Course一书，“The Subject Complement (主语补足语) is the obligatory constituent which follows a copular verb(系动词) and which cannot be made subject in a passive clause: 比如Whos there? Its me/Its I. She became a tennis champion at a very early age. Feel free to ask questions!” 一般语法书也是这么说的，有的书上把这种情况下接的名词叫做predicate noun/nominative,接的形容词叫做predicate adjective。该书接着说“As well as be and seem, a wide range of verbs can be used to link the subject to its Complement; these add meanings of transition (become, get, go, grow, turn) and of perception (sound, smell, look) among others,” 比如I know it sounds stupid. The situation becomes even worse. 这些一般语法书也会提到，但是题目里的都不是这种现象，很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。好在这本书多介绍了一点，但情况很微妙。此书又说 More problematic is the constituent following other verbs that could be used intransitively with the same meaning, as in:Saint Ethelbert was born a Saxon princess. (she was born)He returned a broken man. (he returned)He died young. (he died)We shall consider such constituents as Complements on the strength of the possible paraphrase containing be (When he returned he was a broken man; When he died he was young).这部分恰好就是本题所代表的类型，但是从该书作者表述来看，他们也承认这样的句子很不一般，不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语，在本书里，作者认为可以看作是主语补语，因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子，但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定，有待商榷的意思。据此，本题可以选D，是主语补足语。53. 解析：首先要知道什么是复合词。A compound is a word that consists of more than one free morpheme。所谓morpheme词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。而free morpheme是指能独立存在使用的词素，bound morpheme则是必须依附于其他单位的词素，比如前缀后缀属于bound morpheme，如pre-，-ment，在单词shipment里，ship就是free morpheme，-ment则是bound。因此四个选项里只有deadline是由两个free morpheme构成（dead + line），其他三个都有Bound morpheme比如non, ness, mis-等。54.解析: subjunctive mood是指虚拟语气，四个选项里只有A的insist属于虚拟语气用法，其中that从句里省略了should。55. 解析：限定词的用法是近几年专四的热门考点，诸如some，many，both，all，each等用法究竟如何还是希望大家多翻阅语法书和词典。这道题看似有点难度，也许你从来不知道哪个限定词可以接名词复数和不可数名词，但好在备选项里每个单词你都可以去接名词试试就知道了，比如more money, more trees; enough money, enough trees; many money?, many trees; such big trees, such behavior.所以选C。56. 解析：首先要明白and不一定表示并列。A，C里的and表示先后；D里的and表示递进；只有B里的and表示对比。57.解析：估计不少学生看到名词替代词这个术语，一开始都吓着了，因为压根没听说过，不过对做这道题目倒无大碍，所谓名词替代词顾名思义就是指能代替名词或名词短语，避免重复的词，英语里one, ones,(the)same等都是常见的。比如There are good films as well as bad ones.除此以外还有the kind, the sort，比如Slang disappears quickly, especially the juvenile sort.还有一些不定代词等比如all, both, some, any enough, several, none, many, much, (a) few, (a) li