《内脏学总论》PPT课件

January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,内脏学,兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,内脏(viscera)包括消化、呼吸、泌尿、生殖四个系统。内脏学(splanchnology)指研究内脏各器官形态结构和位置的科学。,总论,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,内脏模式图,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,一、内脏的一般结构,内脏器官可分为两大类：中空性器官实质性器官,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,中空性器官：管状、囊状，内有空腔。消化道：胃、肠呼吸道：气管、支气管泌尿道：输尿管、膀胱生殖道：输精管、输卵管、子宫,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,中空性器官的管壁有数层组织构成，其中：消化道各器官的壁由四层组织构成：粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层、外膜；呼吸道、泌尿道和生殖道各器官的壁由三层组织构成。,肠壁的结构,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,实质性器官：内无特定的空腔，多属腺组织。表面：包以结缔组织的被膜或浆膜；内部：结缔组织被膜深入器官实质内，将器官实质分割成若干个的小单位，称为小叶；门：分布于实质性器官的血管、神经、淋巴管，以及该器官的导管等出入器官之处，常有一凹陷，称为该器官的门。,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,二、胸部标志线和腹部分区,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部标志线,前正中线anteriormedianline胸骨线sternalline锁骨中线midclavicularline胸骨旁线parasternalline腋前线anterioraxillaryline腋后线posterioraxillaryline腋中线midaxillaryline肩胛线scapularline后正中线posteriormedianline,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的标志线,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的标志线,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的标志线,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,腹部的分区,四分法：左上腹、右上腹和左下腹、右下腹九分法：上腹部-腹上区，左、右季肋区中腹部-脐区，左、右腹外侧区下腹部-耻区，左、右腹股沟区,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,腹部的分区,January,