2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(四)

2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（四）1：instead of 代替 (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead of the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 比较 (1) instead adv. 作为替代，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，与其宁愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.2：means means手段，方法.作名词讲时一定要注意单复数同形All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。The quickest means of travel is by air. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。相关归纳：(1)by means of 用，依靠She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望 (2)by all means一定，务必; 当然By all means I must visit my sick friend.我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。-May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？-By all means.当然可以 。 (3)by no means 决不，并未I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。 (4) by this/that means通过这种或那种方法Only by this means can you succeed.只有用这个方法你才能成功。注意：means, method, way, approach的区别(1)means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，一般与介词by搭配即：by this/that means。means 后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语 (2)way是最普通常用的词，一般与介词in搭配即：in this/that way。way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语 The way he thought of to solve the problem is reasonable.= The way he thought of of solving the problem is reasonable. 他想出的解决这个问题的方法是合理的。(3)method 强调强调系统的理论的方法，一般与介词with搭配即：with this/that method。method后接of doing sth. 做定语Our teacher always changes his teaching methods to make his lessons interesting.为了让他的可更有吸引力我们的老师经常改变教学方法。(4) approach 常指解决问题或取得成功的方法。Approach 后只接to+ n.或 to + doing sth. 做定语。 The only approach to solving the problem is to turn to others for help. 解决这个问题的唯一办法是向别人求助。3：what引导的名词性从句用法列析What引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分。whatthe thing(s) that或somebody thatWhat surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. （在从句作中主语）Thats what he is worried about.（whatthe thing that在从句作中宾语）I have no idea what I should do next. （在从句作中宾语）He is no longer what he used to be（what=the person that在从句作中表语）注意：what与that的区别引导主、宾、表语和同位语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.强化练习1. My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.变式1. -How much longer _ here? - Another three days.A. are you staying B. do you stay C. have you stayed D. did you stayed变式2. “Do you live in the city?” “No. I _ here until my holiday is over.”A. will visit B. has visited C. am visiting D .visited 变式3.-You are drinking too much. No one _ me but you. It is at home. A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. saw变式4.The teacher think highly of Tom who _others. A. helps B. always helps C. is always helping D. always helped 解析： 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。答案：D变式1. 现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用. 答案：A变式2.该题考查现在进行时的“表示说话的时候正在进行并且有可能持续的将来某一个时间之前。”这一中用法。答案C.变式3. 有些动词不用于现在进行时其中包括表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。答案：A变式4. 现在进行时与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。答案：C2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some moneyon his own. A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away变式1. He invited me to go for a swim, but I dont know how to _it ,because I had no time.A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away解析：2. get away from:表示离开某地或避开责备,惩罚或灾难而顺利行事.答案：D变式1.该句意思是“他邀请我去游泳，由于没时间我不想去，但是不知道如何摆脱” get away from在该句中表示避开或回避某事。答案：D3. Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C. which it used to be D. what was it 变式1. He is no longer _ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 变式2. He is no longer the person _ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 解析:3. what引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分。一定要注意的是what 不引导定语从句所以当空格前有名词做先行词的时候就一定不会采用what作为答案了。同时在学习的时候要注意what与that 的区别。介词from后面是一个宾语从句，分析所给的选项可以看出，be应该带有自己的表语意思才能完整这样B、D两项错误，C项不符合题意。正确答案是：A。 变式1. 该题考查“What引导表位语从句，what在从句中充当表语”这一用法。答案：B 变式2. the person后接了一个定语从句，该定语从句缺少表语，四个选项中能在定语从句中做表语的词只有that. 答案：D4. Taking a plane is the quickest _ to get to Tibet. A. mode B. manner C. means D. method 变式1. The _ to making great progress is to practice more.A. approach B. manner C. means D. method变式2. The way he thought of _the problem is right.A. to work out B. working C. to be worked D. having worked变式3. Every possible means_ tried, but the problem still cant be settled . A. was tried B . has been tried C. have been tried D. were tried 解析：4. means, method, way, approach的区别是考查名词区别时经常考查的知识点。要从两个方面掌握它们的用法（1）与什么样的介词搭配；（2）后接什么形式做定语。means是指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，后可接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语，符合题意的选项只有C。 变式1.四个选项中只有approach 后可接to doing sth. 做定语。答案：A 变式2. he thought of 是定语从句，省略之后其实是考查the way 后接什么结果做定语。根据way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语可知答案为A 变式3. means 作名词时单复同形，由于前面有every修饰可以确定该题中means是单数，谓语动词用单数，并且要用现在完成时。答案：B5. You will succeed in the end _you give up halfway.A. even if B . as though C. as long as D. unless 变式1. They will stay inside unless it _tomorrow.A . stops raining B. stops to rain C. will stop raining D .will stop to rain变式2. You will succeed in the end _you dont give up halfway.A. even if B . as though C. as long as D. unless变式3. Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed .A. unless B. since C. although D. when解析：5. 该题意思是“如果你不半路放弃的话，你就能取得成功。”考查的是unless引导的条件状语从句时unless=if not的用法。答案：D变式1. unless引导的状语从句时，要用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。答案：A 变式2. 该题意思是“只要你不半路放弃，你就会取得成功。”as long as=so long as “只要” 答案：C 变式3. when可以引导条件状语从句用法与if 相同。再如：When children wont listen to me, what shall I do?答案：D6. The news _ our team was defeated in the final . A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 变式1. The news _ he brought is of great importance. Which of the following is wrong? A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 变式2.There is a common belief among the parents _ schools are no longer careful with students handwriting. A. who B. that C. what D. 不填解析：1. 同位语从句是重要的考点之一，复习时要抓住以下几个方面：（1）同位语从句一般不缺句子成分；（2）同位语从句的引导词；（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是不可以省略。答案：B 变式1.that引导定语从句时先行词（名词或代词）在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分，这时that等于which, 还可以省略。答案：D 变式2. 该题是考查比较复杂的同位语从句，也就是说同位语从句与名词之间加了among the parents 这样的干扰成份。that引导同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是不可以省略。答案：B自测试题1. I got to know from the_ that most companies would like to employ workers with rich _.A. experience; experience B. experiences; experiencesC. experiences; experience D. experience; experiences 2 He is clever, but _, he make