高考英语考点26 并列句和状语从句

考点26 并列句和状语从句高考频度： 考向一 并列句 一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词：and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。 We are singing and they are dancing.or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示和，与；用于祈使句+or+陈述句中，意为否则，要不然。The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.bothand：两个都，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。 Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.eitheror：要么要么，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。 Either she or I am right.neithernor: 既不也不，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。 Neither he nor I am right.not onlybut also: 不仅而且，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school. 2. 表示转折关系的并列连词but但是，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Our school is small but beautiful.while然而，可是，表对比。He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.yet但是，然而，用于转折。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。3. 表示因果关系的并列连词由于，因为，表示原因，不能放在句首，也不能单独使用；for引导的从句不能位于not，but或任何连词之后。The days were short, for it was now December. for：因此，所以，表示结果，so不能和because连用。There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.so：4. 其他常用并列连词 when：就在那时，常用句型： be about to dowhen be going to dowhen be doingwhen I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 二、并列句 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor 并列连词词组有：eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also 连接副词有：besides, furthermore, moreover 1. 表示联合关系常用and , neithernor, not onlybut also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.2. 表示选择关系常用or, either or 等连词We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. 3. 表示转折和对比关系 常用yet， but， however， while 等 but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。&网Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge 5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.One can not see wind, however, it does exist.Id like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)4. 表示因果关系常用so， for，therefore等连接词I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.5. 表示条件或者结果常用and或者or等连词Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.Dont drive too fast or you will have an accident .Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.You have to move out of the way or the truck cant get past.6. 表示递进关系常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.注意：1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语，and主谓结构。(3).be about to.when.正要这时突然Climb to the top of the mountain，and youll get a good view of the city.Hurry up，or youll be late.Another five minutes，and Ill finish the composition.A few minutes and they went away.He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.2.however，but，while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didnt believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1) so不能与because连用。(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用1.（2018新课标I卷短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【参考答案】but改为and2.（2017新课标I卷短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改为went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【参考答案】so改为but/yet【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。3. （2017新课标III卷短文改错）I had（改为have） grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.【参考答案】and改为but【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语not onlybut also意为不但而且。4. (2017北京卷单项填空)Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.A. but B. or C. for D. so【参考答案】D5.(2016北京卷单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. so B. andC. for D. but【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。考向二 状语从句定义在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后，一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词（连接词）引导。分类地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。方式状语从句as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。原因状语从句because, since, as和for （1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。（2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。分类结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。注意： so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 sothat与 suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。注意：unless = if not.让步状语从句连接词though, although，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。比较状语从句引导词及用法：（not） so / as as, than, the +比较级 the +比较级, except/excepting that.（除了）。时间状语从句连接词：when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after, once /as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /no soonerthan/hardly（scarcely,rarely）when ,the first（second）last/next/every /each /by the time等分类时间状语从句when/while/as都表示当的时候，但when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态，while侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态，as侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态，强调同一时间，一先一后，一边一边。when的其他用法及意义：（1）突然，正在此时，常构成以下结构：be（was/were）+ doing sth/about to do sth/on the point of doing sth/to do sth/on ones way to.+when（vt-ed）. /had done+when（vt-ed）.（2）既然/如果until/till二者意义相同，until 比till正式，句首只能用until。肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示直到为止；否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示 直到才，常构成not.until.=before.但not until放在句首时，主句应该半倒装（倒主不倒从）。分类时间状语从句sinceprep 自从以来 主句（一般/现在完成时）+since+时间点adv. 从那以后 since then/ever since 强调某一动作或状态的一直，它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。&网conj. 主句（一般/现在完成时）+since从句（vt-ed）（1）主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，必须强调动作的多次。Great changes have taken place since I left this city.（take place 为终止性动词，故译为自从我离开这城市，发生了很多变化）（2）从句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示延续多长时间了，按正常语序翻译。（3）若从句谓语动词为延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示已结束多长时间了。（4）it is /was/has been+一段时间+since（vt-ed）. 自从有多长时间了before在之前；还没（来得及.就； 趁着还没【固定用法】 it was（not）/had done一段时间before（vt-ed）还要过多久才（不多久就了）分类时间状语从句 it will（not）be一段时间before（一般式） 还要过多久才（不多久就了） there is +一段时间+to go（=left）before（一般式）. 在之前 long before 不久前, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after 不久后,用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。其他once（一旦/曾经，常放在句首）/as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /hardly（scarcely,rarely）when/no soonerthan （一就）； hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ no sooner置于句首须半倒装，构成hardlyscarcely,rarely/no sooner+had +s+done.when/than）.the first（second）time/last（next）time/every（each）time/by the time（常与完成时连用）1.Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that【参考答案】B 2.I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。题组一 基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1. I have long been interested in space exploration _I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.2.Oliver is not the right sort of person for the job，_Ill pay him off.3.I believed her_surely she would not lie to me.4. And why are some people happy and successful_others arent?5. Its not doing the things we like，_liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.6.The children must have got lost in the woods；_，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1. I will be grateful _ you could give me a kind consideration.2. _I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.3._cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.4.Good opinions are worth sticking to _they can benefit us all.5.Leave your key with a neighbor _you lock yourself out one day.6.It took nearly two hundred years _I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.题组二 能力提升I.单项填空1. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but2.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. since BifC. as D. while3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and Cso Dor4. I think wed better keep to the subject, _ well waste our time A. and B. orC. but D. so5.Glad to see you, Kate.Oh, my God. Its been 20 years _ we last saw each other.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. since6.What a terrible accident!Yes. It happened _ he four roads meet.A. whereB. thatC. whenD.as7. _ the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use.A.AsB. SinceC. WhileD. When8.Chinas economy is sure to develop very quickly _ the new government is able to work scientifically and practically.A. even thoughB.in caseC.as thoughD.in that9.Im totally confused about why she steals things_ she can easily afford to buy them.A. ifB. whenC. whileD. because10._be late again, he came to school by taxi this morning.A. In order toB. So as toC. In order not toD. So as not toII.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation, _1_he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian national hero.He was born in India in 1869.As is recorded，he did not get married _2_13 years old, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, _3_studying law for three years and became a lawyer._4_he returned to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious._5_，he formed an organization _6_this was how he started to fight for equal rights.Gandhi returned to India in 1915, _7_India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country._8_in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison _9_it was still not sure whether they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in _10_India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.题组三体验真题1.（2017天津）I _ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove2.(2015北京)He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.A.so B. but C. or D. as3.(2014北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but4. (2013新课标全国卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or题组一 基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1.and2.so3.for4.while5.but6.otherwiseII.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1.if2.When3.Although4.because5.in case6.before题组二 能力提升I.单项填