人教版初二英语下册期中复习

人教版初二英语下册期中复习清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果新目标初二英语下册期中复习学案复习过程一. 重点单词 Unit 4 1. ever adv.曾经；永远2. message n.消息；信息 3. suppose v.假定；认为；期望4. nervous adj.神经紧张的；不安的 5. true adj.真实的 6. lucky adj.幸运的 7. copy v.复制；抄袭8. own adj.自己的 9. village n.乡村10. area n.地区；地域的 11. meter n.米；公尺12. thin adj.稀薄的 13. decision n.决心；决定14. husband n. 丈夫 15. college n.学院；大学16. start n.开始；开端 17. influence n.影响18. hometown n.家乡，故乡 19. danger n.危险 Unit 5 1. flower n.花 2. against prep.反对 3. chance n.机会；机遇 4. tonight n.今晚，今夜 5. window n.窗；窗户 6. explain v.解释；说明 7. improve v.提高；改进二. 重点词组 Unit 4 1. have a surprise party开一个惊喜聚会 2. be mad at对非常愤怒，恼火 3. first of all首先 4. pass.to把传给 5. be supposed to认为必须，认为应该 6. do well in在某方面做得好；擅长 7. have a cold感冒 8. be in good health身体健康 9. get nervous变得紧张 10. end-of-year exam年终考试 11. report card成绩报告单 12. get over恢复；克服 13. pass on传递 Unit 5 1. let in允许进入，允许参加 2. remind sb. of sth提醒某人某事 3. take away拿走，拿开 4. make money挣钱，赚钱 5. travel round the world周游世界 6. be famous著名，有名 7. go to college上大学 8. make a living谋生，以为生 9. all the time一直，总是 10. all over the world全世界 11. laugh at sb.嘲笑某人三. 重点句子 Unit 4 1. I am mad at Marcia. She said she was mad at Marcia. 2. I am having a party for Lana. She said she was having a party for Lana. 3. I go to the beach every Saturday. He said he went to the beach every Saturday. 4. I will call you tomorrow. He told me he would call me tomorrow / the next day. 5. I can speak three languages. She said she could speak three languages. Unit 5 1. I think Ill ride my bike. If you do, youll be late. 2. I think Im going to stay at home. If you do, youll be sorry.四. 重点语法 1. 间接引语 直接引语和间接引语：直接引用别人的话表达意思，称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语。 直接引语和间接引语中动词形式的变化形式如下：直接引语间接引语I am mad at Marcia.I am having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.I can speak three languages.She said she was mad at Marcia.She said she was having a party for Lana.He said he went to the beach every Saturday.He told me he would call me tomorrow.She said she could speak three languages. （1）直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时 （2）直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1. am / is2. are3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were3. had4. would5. could6. might 在间接引语中除了注意时态，人称和时间状语的变化外，陈述句的句型，语序没有变化，只是要在陈述句前加连词that，它常常被省略，不在句子中担任成分。 eg. She said to me, “I like English very much.” - She said ( that ) she liked English very much. 当引用的句子是一般疑问句，转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转换为陈述句句型，同时在句子前面加上if或whether。 eg. My friend asked me, “Do you like English?” - My friend asked me if / whether I liked English. 当引用的句子是祈使句时，那么间接引语要改用动词不定式表示。 句型：肯定句：tell / ask .sb. to do sth. 否定句：tell / ask .sb. not to do sth. eg. The teacher said, “Dont be late again.” - The teacher told the students not to be late again. 把特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，要特别注意语序的变化。它的语序转换为陈述句语序，要以疑问词开头（并注意此时不能用that）。 eg. Mary asked me, “Who is she?” - Mary asked me who she was. 2. 由if引导的条件状语从句 if用做连词时，可以表示“如果；假如”，用来引导一个条件状语从句。 eg. I will go if he asks me. If you eat bad food, you may be ill. 在主句和条件状语从句中的动词都表示将来的动作时，主句中常用一般将来时，但从句中常用一般现在时。 eg. We will come to see you if we have time. You wont be able to pass the exam if you dont work hard.五. 知识点讲解 1. Im mad at Marcia.我生玛茜娅的气。 “mad”在此意为“生气的，愤怒的”，be mad at.意思是“生的气”，“对发怒”，相当于be angry with。 eg. The teacher was mad at the boy. The teacher was angry with the boy. be mad about意为“对迷的发狂” eg. I am mad about collecting stamps. get mad意为“变疯，变的恼怒” eg. I got mad yesterday because of his lie. 2. Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to your house. “bring.to.”表示“（从别处把某人或某物）带来”。bring的反义词是take，表示把某人或某物“带走（到别处）”。 eg. Please bring the book to school tomorrow. Please take the empty cup away. 3. Im good at speaking. be good at意为“擅长于”“在方面做的好”，相当于do well in，后跟名词，动名词，代词。 eg. She is good at singing. She does well in singing. Im better at reading than listening. I can do better in math. 4. Im sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. I hope you are in good health.听说他上周感冒了，我很难过，我希望你身体健康。 be sorry to do sth.意为“对感到很难过” eg. Im sorry to break the window. Im sorry to hear of the news. 5. I always get nervous.我总是很紧张。 get nervous的用法 get nervous“感到紧张不安的；易激动的” get为系动词，nervous为形容词，作表语。也可以说成：be nervous或feel nervous。 eg. Jenny is a shy girl. She always gets nervous while talking with strangers. Im nervous about the exams. Take it easy. Dont be nervous. 6. I had a hard time with science this semester, and I wasnt surprised to find my worst report card was from my science teacher. 这学期我在自然方面学习很吃力，看到我最差的成绩单是来自我的自然老师时，我一点也不吃惊。 （1）have a hard time with sth意为“在某方面感到很困难” eg. She had a hard time with English Classes. （2）have a hard time with sb.意为“和某人关系处得非常不好” eg. Peter had a hard time with his father. 7. I said that was OK and that I was sure shed get over it. 我说那好吧，我确信她会恢复的。 “get over”表“恢复，克服” eg. I am sure you can get over this difficulty. Its almost done. Lets get it over. 8. If you wear jeans, we wont let you in. 如果你穿牛仔装，我们将不让你进去。 （1）jeans“牛仔裤”，总是复数名词，表示一条牛仔裤时用a piece of jeans. 类似的词还有：shorts, pants, trousers, glasses等。 （2）let表示让某人做某事，让某事发生时，后面跟省略“to”的动词不定式或某些介词。 eg. Let him in at once. Her father wont let her go out at night. Youd better open the windows and let some flesh air in. 9. If you become a professional soccer player, youll never go to college. 如果你成为一名职业球员，你将永远不能上大学。 go to college意思是“上大学” go to the college意思是“去那个大学” 类似的词组有go to school / go to the school；go to church/ go to the church 10. If you do, the teacher will ask them to leave. 如果你这么做，老师会叫他们离开。 ask sb. to do请求某人做某事 eg. He asked us to clean the room quickly. The students asked the teacher to tell the story again. ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 eg. Its not good to ask parents for money. If you want more food, you can ask the waiter for more. 11. （1）make a lot of money意为“赚很多钱” （2）make a living意为“谋生” （3）make life difficult使生活很困难 make.+ adj结构意为“使怎么样” make the room clean. make it clear （4）make sb do sth使某人做某事 eg. He made us finish the job in two hours. （5）make it形容词to do sth. eg. We will make it easier to do this in this way. 12. Ill be able to help people.我将会帮助人们。 be able to与can作为情态动词，两者都可表示能力，意为“会，能够” be able to与can的主要区别是： （1）can侧重表示“客观的可能性，请求或许可” eg. Can I help you? We can eat fruit to keep healthy. （2）be able to强调靠聪明、才干、奋斗等把过去某项困难克服或完成。 eg. Well be able to make money when we grow up. He wasnt able to walk until he was seven. “be able to”的时态要比“can”的时态多，并且be able to可用于不定式或动名词短语中，can不能。 eg. I hope I will be able to write a story. He enjoyed being able to swim in the river. 13. and do a lot of work to help people.做大量的工作帮助人们。 work为“工作”之意时，是不可数名词，请区分work与job。 eg. he has many part-time jobs. Im sorry that I have too much work to do. 14. And if you become rich, youll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. 如果你变得有钱了，你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。 have a difficult time（in）doing sth.做很难 对比have a hard time with sth在方面感到困难 eg. I had a difficult time in dealing with the matter. He had a hard time with computer.六. 写作 Unit 4. telling a story（讲故事） Unit 5. decision making（做决定）清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果基础知识精讲一、 动词的时态英语时态共有十六种，其中常用的有八种（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时）二、 动词时态表（以Do为例）时间 状态一般进行完成完成进行现在Do/doesIs/am/are doingHave/has doneHave/has been doing过去DidWas/were doingHad doneHad been done将来Will/shall doWill/shall be doingWill/shall have doneWill/shall have been doing过去将来Would/should doWould/should be doingWould/should have doneWould/should have been doing三、 常用时态的基本用法1.一般现在时1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用Eg. I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实Eg. The earth moves around the sun.3)表示格言或警句Eg. Pride goes before a fall.(骄必败)4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性Eg. I dont want so much.5)某些动词，如come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作Eg The train comes at 3 oclock.6)在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时Eg. Ill help you as soon as you have problem.2.一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段内所发生的动作或情况。通常，一般过去时带有表示动作发生的时间的词、词组或从句，如yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two days ago等。上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。注意1） 过去经常、反复发生的动作，也可用used to和would加动词原形来表达Eg. I used to go fishing on Sundays.2)used to 也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态Eg. This river used to be clean.3.一般将来时1)表示将来的动作或状态Eg. I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态Eg. He will go to see his mother every Saturday.3)表示将来的意愿、决心、许诺、命令等时常用will；征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall.Eg. I will do my best to catch up with them.4)be going to do也是一种将来时的句型，表示打算、计划最近或将来要做某事（通常表示有一定迹象）。Eg. Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain.5)be to do 表示有职责、义务、可能、约定、意图等Eg. There is to be a meeting this afternoon.6)be about to do表示马上、很快就要做某事。Eg. They are about to leave.4.现在进行时1）现在进行时表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作，它注重现在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，倒是么时候结束Eg. I am doing my homework.2)表示说话时现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态Eg. The students are preparing for the examination.3)一些动词，如arrive, come, leave, start等现在进行时可以表示即将发的动作。Eg. They are going to HK tomorrow.4)一些动词不可以用于现在进行时状态类：be, have认知类：know, think ,hear, find, see情感类：like, want wish prefer5.现在完成时&过去完成时1）现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作Eg. I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.2)现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。Eg. We have lived here since 1976.3)有些表示瞬间的动词或短语与段时间连用要做相应变化1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier6.过去进行时表示过去某时刻正在做的事Eg. I was watching TV when she came to see me.7.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻之前发生的事或状态，即“过去的过去”句中一定要有过去时作衬托或有By +过去某一时刻才能使用。Eg. We had already learned two thousand words by the end of last year.时态专项训练1( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( ) 2 Ann _ her hair every week.A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing( ) 3 They usually_TV in the evening.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches( ) 4 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west.A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set( ) 5 Miss Gao_ English on the radio every morning.A. had studied B. studies C. study D. studied( ) 6 Our teacher will return by the time schoolA. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins2( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _.A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me.A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt( ) 3 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain3( ) 1 -_ they often _ these old men?-Yes, they_.A. Do; help; are B.Are; helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; are( ) 2 -_ he _ to work on foot?-Yes, he_.A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is( ) 3 _ you _ some speaking in English every day? A. Is; speaking B. Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do4( ) 1 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 2 _ you _ to school every day?A. When; go B. When do; go . C. When did; go D. Does; go( ) 3 _ the girl _ to school?A. Where does; go B. How do; go C. How does; goes D. How does; go5( ) 1 _ you _ how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing D. /; know( ) 2 I _ what the old man said is right.A. am thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought( ) 3 These little boys_ playing football.A. are liking B. like C. likes D. were liking6( ) 1 We wont go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. snows B. snowed C. snow D. will snow( ) 2 We wont come back until we _ the work.A. shall finish B. have finishedC. will finish D. finish( ) 3 Could you ring me up as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 4 I will not help you with your English if I _ time tomorrow.A. dont have B. will not have C. am not D. wont( ) 5 The next time you _ his parents, tell them I want to see them as soon as possible.A. meet B. will meetC. are going to meet D. met( ) 6 The key will be left on the table when I _.A. left B. leave C. will leave D. am leaving( ) 7 When you _ used to the weather here, you will _ this place.A. will get; like B. have got; like C. get; liked D. get; will like7( ) 1 Our classes_at 7: 30 tomorrow morning. A. begin B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 2 The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving( ) 3 Next month my father _ to China from America. A. returns B. are returning C. are going to return D. would return8( ) 1 Look, in_our maths teacher.A. is coming B. came C. come D. comes( ) 2 -Have you seen my pen?- .A. Here is it B. Here it is C. Here they are D. Here are they( ) 3 Under the table_.A. a ball are B. is a ball C. are a ball D. has a ball9( ) 1 He lived there before he _ to China.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming( ) 2 I _ very hard when I was young.A. study B. studied C. had studied D. shall study( ) 3 A girl _ the wallet and _.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 4 I _ the blackboard but _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at; was seeing( ) 5 I have no idea what _ while I was asleep.A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened( ) 6 He said he would help me with my maths if he free. A. was B. will be C. would be D. is10( ) 1 When_to learn English?A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began( ) 2 -I have finished my homework. -When _ you _ it? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish( ) 3 My younger brother_ the army_ 1990. A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since( ) 4 The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at( ) 5 I_ my homework at about nine at night.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish11( ) 1 -Sorry, but your address again, please. I_catch it.-Its 28 Zhongshan Road.A. didnt B. dont C. wont D. wouldnt( ) 2 -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to bed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went( ) 3 -Tom didnt go to see the film with you last night, did he?A. No, he did B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he did D. Yes, he didnt( ) 4 -Excuse me. Look at the sign: NO SMOKING!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see12( ) 1 _ here and ask him about it yesterday?A. Did you come B. Would you not go C. You didnt come D. Arent you go( ) 2 _ he _ a good time last Sunday?A. Were; were B. Did; do C. Did; has D. Did; have( ) 3 The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didnt C. were D. werent( ) 4 -_ the bus _ just now?-Yes, but it has left.A. Has; come B. Did; come C. Is; come D. Does; come13( ) 1 He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off( ) 2 We carried some water, dug some holes and _ to plant these trees.A. begin B. began C. beginning D. begins( ) 3 The old lady cleaned the tables, _ some dirty clothes and did some cooking.A. washing B. washed C. washes D. wash14( ) 1 When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always( ) 2 He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B. always is studying C. is always studying D. studies always( ) 3 Tom _ to school.A. never is late B. never come C. never comes D. is never15( ) 1 When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D. use( ) 2 He _ at six, but now at five.A. used to get up B. used to getting upC. used get up D. was used to get up( ) 3 The old man _ out for a walk in the evening.A. used to going B. go C. is used to going D. will go16( ) 1 -My father will be here tomor