skimming and scanning(快速阅读)练习题

Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked (a), (b), (c) and (d). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Freshers FairThe Freshers Fair usually takes place about a week after you begin university and offers freebies, give-aways, advice and information. It is often a great opportunity for new students to mingle with other freshers, current students, tutors, and representatives from the Student Union. All universities have clubs and societies and many of them use the Freshers Fair as their opportunity to let you know what is on offer. There is usually a wide range to choose from, including sports, drama, debating, groups for all the main religions, musical and literary genres and film clubs. You may also find that your course has a club or society for students studying your subject as well as groups for disabled and international students.Clubs and societies can be a great way of meeting new people in your first weeks and an ideal chance to try new activities and explore new interests. Remember that some of the clubs and societies on offer will be more established than others so if you like the sound of a club, ask if you can pop along to the initial get-together before you commit yourself! Make sure you arent pressurised into anything and use your discretion. If clubs involve a membership fee, think carefully before you commit to a regular paymentyou may feel able to part with the cash in September but if a regular payment is coming out of your bank account even month, you may regret it later on.The Freshers Fair is a great way to find out about the services and facilities of your local city or town. There are often representatives from local entertainment, leisure facilities, restaurants, clubs, pubs, insurance agencies, travel agents, mobile phone companies, taxi services and recruitment agencies. They are there to promote offers geared towards students and some will be competitive and discounted deals, but remember they are interested in attracting new customers think carefully about the pros and cons of any services before signing up. The university health care, counselling, welfare services and other agencies, all usually have sialls at the Freshers Fair so you can get information and find out how to access support if you require it during your course. And if you miss a stall or need more information, dont panic, contact your Student Union to learn more or to find out how to get involved.Getting the most from the FairDo not wait until Freshers Fair to make contact with your university or colleges Disability Adviser / Learning Support Tutor. They are likely to be at their busiest then.Contact them before you arrive to get assistance with the necessary form filling which accompanies the issue of student ID cards and Student Union cards during Freshers Fair.Get in touch with them if you wish to arrange for someone to be your sighted guide at the Fair.Roberts experiences Robert has just completed his second year studying History at the University of York. Freshers Fair is the main opportunity for these societies to sell themselves to first year students. It gave me an idea of the challenges I would face and how I would overcome them. Imagine a mass of students, squeezed into a medium-sized exhibition area, moving in every direction. Id researched the societies I wanted to join. I knew their websites inside out, the joining fees and activities, but one vital piece of information is missingwhere they were in the room. So I began to search the aisles from one end to the otheruntil I realised that there was little point in continuing and decided to ask somebody for help. The somebody I asked turned out to be a member of the political society I was planning to join. He was pleased to have recruited a new member. Once the membership form was filled in, he introduced me to others who in turn helped me to find my other societies. Not only had I plucked up the courage to seek out help, but I now had my first network of acquaintances, who in future would recognize and help me.Meeting new friends Meeting new people and making new friends at University can be nerve-wracking. We asked some third year undergraduate students for their advice about starting university for the first time.1 When does the Freshers Fair start?(a) A week after you begin universtity.(b) Immediately after your university life begins.(c) After other freshers, current students, tutors, and representatives from the Student Union have a meeting.(d) After the university offers freebies, give-aways, advice and information.2 The Freshers may_during the Freshers Fair.(a) meet other freshers, and teachers and find job opportunities as well(b) get to know other people, and join different societies(c) meet new people and find a sense of belonging to university(d) join different clubs and get freebies3 Freebie in Para 1 means_.(a) free bee(b) free of charge(c) an article or service given free(d) an opportunity given by the school authority4 If a club calls for a membership fee, the freshers need to_.(a) be informed of it(b) be pressurised into it(c) look before they leap(d) commit to a regular payment as soon as they know it5 Stall in Para 3 means_.(a) a place where magazines and newspapers are sold(b) a place where freebies can be available(c) a large table on which you can put goods that you want to sell or information you want to give to people(d) a small table with the products of health care, counselling, welfare services and other agencies laid out6 To get most out of the Fair, you need to_.(a) meet the representatives from local entertainment, leisure facilities, insurance agencies, travel agents, taxi services and recruitment agencies(b) contact the university staff in advance(c) fill in forms to get the student ID cards and Student Union cards(d) both B&C7 Robert benefited a lot from the Freshers Fair by_.(a) getting his first network of acquaintances(b) selling himself to a debating society(c) searching online about the society he longed to join(d) filling in membership form8 The representatives from services and facilities of local city or town in the Freshers Fair aim to promote_.9 If the freshers need more information about the services of local city or town, they may_for more details.10 Robert is a_at the University of York.Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions- For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Oyster is an appetising food with load of health benefits. Oysters provide an abundance of vitamins and minerals, packed into a high-protein, low-fat, and low-cholesterol package. Oysters are a favourite among exotic foods and research now shows this shellfish to be a rich source of zinc, one of the minerals required for the production of testosterone.The texture of the raw oyster is soft and fleshy; it has a unique flavour that is sweet and sometime salty. The texture and flavour of oyster is often influenced by the water that they have grown in, with variations in salinity, minerals, and nutrients. Oysters can be eaten half shelled, raw, smoked, boiled, baked, fried, roasted, stewed, canned, pickled, steamed, grilled and it is best paired with a delicious cocktail drink or wine.Health benefits:Oysters are the most concentrated natural source of zinc, which is essential to maintain a strong immune system, support wound healing, maintain the senses of taste and smell. Zinc deficiency can result in symptoms such as slow growth, poor appetite, decreased wound healing, loss of hair, impaired senses of taste and smell, more frequent infections.Oyster is a good source of protein; each serving of six medium oysters contains six grams of protein. The protein found in oysters is high in tyrosine, an amino acid used by the brain to help regulate mood and adapt to stress.Oyster is low in fat and calories. A serving of oysters contains just 2 grams of fat.Oyster is low in cholesterol. It only contains 55mg of cholesterol per serving.Oyster helps maintain collagen and elastin fibers that give skin its firmness and help prevent sagging and wrinkles.Oyster is a known aphrodisiac because it is rich in amino acids that trigger increased levels of sex hormones.Another reason is that high zinc content of oyster aids in the production of testosterone.Oyster can help improve vision.Oyster is also rich in iron, calcium and vitamin A.Pearl oyster: All types of oysters (and, indeed, almost all other shelled molluscs) can secrete concretions that are known by biologists as pearls, but those which sometimes form in edible oysters are unattractive and have no market value at all.Pearl oysters, however, are not closely related to true oysters. They are in a totally different family. Both cultured pearls and natural pearls can be obtained from these oysters and also yield pearls of commercial value.The largest pearl-bearing oyster type is the saltwater Pinctada maxima, which is roughly the size of a dinner plate. Not all individual oysters produce pearls naturally. In fact, in a haul of three tons of oysters, only around three or four oysters produce perfect pearls.In nature, pearl oysters produce natural pearls by covering a minute invading parasite with nacre (mother of pearl). Over the years, the irritating object is covered with enough layers of nacre to form what we know as a pearl. There are many different types and colours and shapes of pearl; these qualities depend on the natural pigment tone of the nacre, and the shape of the original irritant which was being covered over.Pearls can also be cultivated by pearl farmers placing a nucleus, usually a piece of polished mussel shell, inside the oyster. In three to six years, the oyster will produce a perfect pearl. These pearls are not as valuable as natural pearls, but look exactly the same. In fact since the beginning of the 20th century, when several researchers discovered how to produce artificial pearls, the cultured pearl market has far outgrown the natural pearl market. Natural pearls have become scarcer and scarcer and a necklace with only natural pearls can easily cost several hundred thousand US dollars.Oyster cooking tips: Raw oysters should always be served chilled on a bed of ice. Thinly- sliced, buttered pumpernickel or crisp thin crackers complete the raw oyster eating experience.Relaxing the muscles to shuck oysters is easier if you toss them in the freezer for about 10 to 15 minutes, but dont forget them!If you have live oysters to be used in a cooked dish, rather than for eating raw, you can steam (a few seconds will do it) or microwave (about 30-60 seconds depending on the oven wattage) them just until the shells open. Then cut them from the shells and proceed.Oysters are salty by nature, so most recipes using oysters will not need to be salted. Choose freshly-shucked oysters for broiling, smoking, or baking on the half-shell. As with many foods, size and age make a differencesmaller and younger oysters will most likely be more tender.Most importantly, cook oysters gently to avoid turning them into a rubbery, chewy waste of good shellfish. When the edges begin to curl, theyve had enough heat.Herbs that pair well with oysters include thyme, fennel seed, paprika, and parsley.1 Oyster is a high-protein, low-fat, and low-cholesterol sea food.2 Where oysters grow affects their flavour and texture.3 There are a lot of ways of cooking oyster.4 The spirit such as Vodka can be paired with oyster.5 Having too much oyster will lead to loose skin and wrinkled face.6 The pearls which grow in edible oysters are eye-catching.7 The colour of pearls is determined by the natural pigment tone of the nacre.8 _ produce perfect pearls.9 The cultured pearl market has expanded when _.10 With its salty nature, do not put_into oyster.Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked (a), (b), (c) and (d). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Mind mapA mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea. Mind maps are used to generate, visualize, structure, and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem-solving, decision making, and writing.The elements of a given mind map are arranged intuitively according to the importance of the concepts, and are classified into groupings, branches, or areas, with the goal of representing semantic or other connections between portions of information. Mind maps may also aid recall of existing memories.By presenting ideas in a radial, graphical, non-linear manner, mind maps encourage a brainstorming approach to planning and organizational tasks. Though the branches of a mind map represent hierarchical tree structures, their radial arrangement disrupts the prioritizing of concepts typically associated with hierarchies presented with more linear visual cues. This orientation towards brainstorming encourages users to enumerate and connect concepts without a tendency to begin within a particular conceptual framework.The mind map can be contrasted with the similar idea of concept mapping. The former is based on radial hierarchies and tree structures denoting relationships with a central governing concept, whereas concept maps are based on connections between concepts in more diverse patterns.Mind maps (or similar concepts) have been used for centuries in learning, brainstorming, memory, visual thinking, and problem-solving by educators, engineers, psychologists, and others. Some of the earliest examples of mind maps were developed by Porphyry of Tyros, a noted thinker of the third century, as he graphically visualized the concept categories of Aristotle. PhilosopherRamon Llull (1235-1315) also used mind maps.Uses: A mind map is often created around a single word or text, placed in the center, to which associated ideas, words and concepts are added.Mind maps have many applications in personal, family, educational, and business situations, including note-taking, brainstorming (wherein ideas are inserted into the map radially around the centre node, without the implicit prioritization that comes from hierarchy or sequential arrangements, and wherein grouping and organizing is reserved for later stages), summarizing, revising, and general clarifying of thoughts. One could listen to a lecture, for example, and take down notes using mind maps for the most important points or keywords. One can also use mind maps as a mnemonic (relating to, assisting, or intended to assist the memory) technique or to sort out a complicated idea. Mind maps are also promoted as a way to collaborate in colour pen creativity sessions.Mind maps can be drawn by hand, either as rough notes during a lecture or meeting, for example, or can be more sophisticated in quality. There are also a number of software packages available for producing mind maps.Effectiveness in learning: Buzan claims that the mind map is a vastly superior note taking method because it does not lead to a semi-hypnotic trance state induced by other note forms. Buzan also argues that the mind map utilizes the full range of left and right human cortical skills, balances the brain, taps into the alleged 99 per cent of your unused mental potential, as well as intuition (which he calls superlogic). However, scholarly research suggests that such claims may actually be marketing hype based on misconceptions about the brain and the cerebral (of the brain) hemispheres. Critics argue that hemispheric specialization theory has been identified as pseudoscientific when applied to mind mapping.Scholarly research by Farrand, Hussain, and Hennessy (2002) found that the mind map technique had a limited but significant impact on memory recall in undergraduate students (a ten per cent increase over baseline for a 600-word text only) as compared to preferred study methods (a six per cent increase over baseline). This improvement was only robust after a week for those in the mind map group, and there was a significant decrease in motivation compared to the subjects preferred methods of note taking. Farrand et al. suggested that learners preferred to use other methods because using a mind map was an unfamiliar technique, and its status as a memory enhancing technique engendered reluctance to apply it. Pressley, VanEtten, Yokoi, Freebern, and VanMeter (1998) found that learners tended to learn far better by focusing on the content of learning material rather than worrying over any one particular form of note taking.1 A mind map is a diagram used to.(a) represent words and generate ideas(b) structure a central key word(c) clarify a central key idea(d) express ideas and function as an aid2