完形填空技巧及练习

.技法1完形填空技法之首句理解首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。首句往往是整篇文章的统领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常有承上启下的作用，是文章发展过程中的重要线索。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助考生形成正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读了首句后，应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。例 1 2015全国卷节选 Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend？A tutor？These are all _1_ places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want _2_ somewhere else instead. I had the _3_ of seeing this first hand on a1A. public Btraditional Cofficial Dspecial2A.passes Bworks Clies Dends3A.dream BIdea Chabit Dchance点睛本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者看到女儿所在的足球队在和强大的对手比赛的时候失败了，但是这些女孩子们把在比赛中的教训融入了第二天的比赛中，终于得分了。作者通过这件事认识到亲身经历是最好的老师。文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something？”是引出文章话题的关键句。文章的发展就是以本句为铺垫而展开的。1B根据空前的 “School? A friend? A tutor？” 可知，这些地方都是传统的学习的地方。故选traditional“传统的”。 2C根据空格后面的“somewhere else instead.”可知，你真正想要学习的就位于某个其他的地方。故选lie“位于，处于”。3D根据空格后面的“seeing this first hand”可知，作者曾经有一次亲眼看到这种情景的机会。故选chance“机会”。例 2 2015福建卷节选 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder. However, life can be _ when you are not busy finding fault with it. A. lonely B.great C. quiet D. uneasy点睛 B本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Kerry的事例说明了一个人不应该一味地埋怨别人，而是要学会感激，享受生活。文章首句“One of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder.”是引出文章话题的关键句。根据本句话的铺垫，结合however一词可知答案为B。第二句句意：然而，如果你不忙于埋怨生活，那么生活将会很美好。【活学活用】 A2014新课标全国卷节选 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this _1_at work in people of all _2_. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _3_with their new toys. But their _4_soon wears off and by January those_5_toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of _6_stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones _7_interest. 1A.principle Bhabit Cway Dpower2A.parties Braces Ccountries Dages3A.working Bliving Cplaying Dgoing4A.confidence Binterest Canxiety DSorrow5A.same Bextra Cfunny Dexpensive6A.wellorganized Bcolourfullyprinted Cnewlycollected Dhalffilled7A.broad Bpassing Cdifferent DMain点睛本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我们日常生活必须做的事情时，无论是哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。接下来具体说明了从小孩子、到青少年、再到成年人、到老年人都会有这种情况出现。文章的首句就是主题句，后文所举的具体事例都是为了证明这一条规则。1A事实上，我们可以看到这个法则在起作用。principle法则；habit习惯；way方式，方法；power力量。只有principle和第一句话中的rule意思接近。故选A。2D后面详细描述了不同年龄的人的情况，因此可知本句话的意思是：其实，我们不同年龄的人都会看出这一点。party党，聚会；race竞赛；country国家；age年龄。故选D。3C在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新玩具。work工作；live生活；play玩；go去。故选C。4B根据语境可知，孩子们对这些玩具的兴趣很快就越来越少了。confidence自信；interest兴趣；anxiety焦虑；sorrow悲伤。故选B。5A到一月份可以发现同样的那些玩具就被放在了地下室里。same相同的；extra额外的；funny好玩的；expensive贵的。用same说明还没持续几天兴趣就没了。故选A。6D这个世界充满了完成了一半的集邮册和未完成的模型。wellorganized 组织好的；colourfullyprinted涂得五颜六色的；newlycollected新收集来的；halffilled完成一半的。7B每一个都如立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴趣。broad宽的；passing短暂的；different 不同的；main主要的。B2015陕西卷节选 Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night，he would hand me his _8_and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK？”I was _9_to do it. At age five，this dull task brought me such _10_I would excitedly turn the tap_11_and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that Id done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would _12_ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.8A.bag BWallet Ccomb Dbrush9A.annoyed BRelieved Cashamed Dpleased10A. joy B. Sadness C. courage D. pain11A. out B. Over C. in D. on12A. stare B. Smile C. shout D. Laugh点睛本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个其乐融融的家庭的一段故事及其所赋予故事的寓意。文章首句的“梳子”是故事发展的主线。8C根据“help Daddy clean it”可知此处指的是前文提到的comb, 故选C。9D根据后文中的excitedly可知此处所填词的意思是“高兴的”，故选D。annoyed恼怒的；relieved感到宽慰的，放心的；ashamed惭愧的；pleased高兴的。10A根据后文中的修饰词excitedly，carefully，satisfied等可以推断出作者乐于完成这项任务，故选A。joy高兴；sadness悲伤；courage勇气；pain痛苦。11D根据前文中的clean和后文中的brush可知，动词短语的意思是“打开”。turn the tap on意思是“打开水龙头”。故选D。12B根据修饰词affectionately可知，爸爸对“我”的表现很满意，所以他应该是对“我”微笑，故选B。stare at sb盯着某人看；smile at sb对某人微笑；shout at sb向某人大喊大叫；laugh at sb嘲笑某人。技法2完形填空技法之行文逻辑 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考生首先要有语篇概念，抓住文章的主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。一、因果关系例 1 2015四川卷节选 _one day，just to see what she would do，I gently placed one on top of the groundhogs head.A. While BOr CSo DFor 例 22015安徽卷节选 _ modern manufacturing(制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of点睛 A根据 “现代制造业和科技”与“公司能够迅速而又廉价地生产物品”可知前后分句之间是“因果关系”。故选A项。thanks to多亏， 幸亏；as to至于；except for除了；regardless of 不管，不顾。点睛 C根据前文可知，此句与前文逻辑上是“因果关系”。故选C项。句意：因此，有一天，想看看它会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。二、同类关系例 3 2014广东卷节选 On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for _ the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.A. washing Busing Cdropping Dreplacing点睛 C文中not cleaning up和refusing to do与空格处存在同类关系。句意：另一方面，青少年认为父母仅仅是因为把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西这些小事而责怪他们，这使他们不耐烦。该空要根据连词or和其所连接的not cleaning up和refusing判断。例 4 2013浙江卷节选 While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was _，nothing about my term in France was what I expected.Aboring Bupsetting Cexciting Dpromising点睛 C从inspiring可以推知，这是非常令人兴奋的事情，故只有exciting能表达同一语境氛围。boring乏味的；upsetting令人情绪低落的；promising有前途的。三、相对关系例 5 2015天津卷节选 It was also much more than we could afford, but far _ than the original asking price. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher点睛 C根据句中的much more与空格处之间是一种“对比关系”可知C项正确。四、转折关系例 6 2015陕西卷节选 Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，_his smile was still as heartwarming as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family.A. for B. or C. so D. yet点睛 D根据句意“他微笑时眼角有了皱纹，然而他的笑容仍然是使人幸福而愉快的”可知上下文之间是转折关系。故选D项。例 7 2015全国卷节选 As a parent, I hated seeing my daughter playing her best, _ still defeated.Aif Bor Cbut Das点睛 C根据前面的playing her best和后面的defeated可知，虽然尽力了，但还是失败了。前后分句是一种转折关系，故选C项。【活学活用】12015福建卷节选 Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at faultfinding，_when were honest, we can be sharply critical of the world. A. so B. or C. but D. forC根据语境“也许我们中的大多数人并不是那么极端地去埋怨生活，可是，实事求是地讲，我们可能对这个世界也是很挑剔的”可知句意之间是转折关系。故选C项。2. 2015北京卷节选 The loud music filled the room and made them feel very happy. The next morning, _， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a note under their door during the night.Atherefore Bhowever Cotherwise DinsteadB根据语境“他们晚上庆祝得非常开心，但是第二天这种快乐就消失了”可知上下文之间是转折关系。故选B项。3 2013新课标全国卷节选 It runs in the family.Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the same.A pair of gloves may be a _ thing，but it can make a big difference in winter.Asmall Buseful Cdelightful DcomfortingA此处是对上文的总结：一副手套可能是一件小的(small)东西，但是在冬天却会有很大的作用。此处small与make a big difference存在相对关系。4 2012山东卷节选 The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing werent enough. “What these people also need is warmth and _，” says Rita.Afame Bfreedom Ccourage DcaringD文中warmth与选项中caring存在同类关系。Muller夫妇意识到仅仅为这些无家可归者提供食物和衣服是不够的，他们还需要温暖和关心。fame名誉，名声；freedom自由；courage勇气； caring关心，关爱。该空要根据连词and和其所连接的warmth判断。“温暖”和“关爱”并列，故选D。技法3完形填空技法之词汇复现 词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。一、原词或同根词复现原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。例 1 2015湖北卷节选 “Daily Star, sir，” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty _ left. Ashops Bcoins Cpeople Dpapers点睛 D原词复现。根据语境对报童身份的介绍和some newspapers判断选D项(报纸)。二、同义词或近义词复现同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。例 2 2015陕西卷节选改编 I was _1_ to do it. At age five，this dull task brought me such _2_I would excitedly turn the tap on and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that Id done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad.1A.annoyed Brelieved Cashamed Dpleased2A.joy Bsadness Ccourage Dpain点睛本小节中excitedly、satisfied、happily与1中的pleased和2中的joy形成同一语境氛围的词汇，故分别选D项和A项。三、反义词复现反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。例 3 2014安徽卷节选 I _ her money but she refused to take any.Asent Blent Coffered Dowed点睛 C句中refused to take与选项中的offered意义基本相反。例 4 2013浙江卷节选 I love how people can seem so different, but end up being so_Agenerous BIndependent Csimilar Ddistant点睛 C从前文的different可知，虽然人们看起来是多么不同，但最终却又如此相似(similar)，故选C项。此处different与similar是一对反义词。四、结构复现有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。例 5 Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is _1_ for children to work at home in their free time. _2_， they argue that most teachers do not _3_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.1A.unnecessary BUninteresting Cunfortunate Dunimportant2A.Nevertheless BHowever CTherefore DMoreover3A.considerably Bfavourably Cproperly Dpleasantly点睛排比结构由“Many people now think thatThey say thatthey argue that”组成。在意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题”抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系，即作业过多，所以，课余时间学生在家做作业是没必要的(unnecessary)，不仅如此(Moreover)，教师对作业的设计也不恰当(not properly)。故答案分别为1.A2.D3.C。【活学活用】1“Take a bite of each one. See if that helps you decide which one is which.” He took _， and then a huge smile came across his face.Abig bites Bdeep breaths Ca firm hold Da close lookA利用原词复现解题。根据前面“Take a bite of each one.”可知，这里是他咬了几大口。故A正确。2I remember as a child I said something _ about somebody, and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.”Aunkind Bunnecessary Cunimportant DunusualA利用同义词、近义词复现解题。句中的unpleasant意为“令人不快的”，选项中只有unkind与之同义。3Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _ your money; it only tightens it.Aloosen Bweaken Cdecrease DreduceA利用反义词复现解题。前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义词复现。从下文的tightens可以判断，上文应该是loosen。4Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie in the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the readingWhen research is _， the professor expects the students to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.Acollected Bassigned Cdistributed DfinishedB利用同根词复现解题。作者通过两个例子说明应该由学生负责自己的学习，都是从“布置作业”方面解释。布置阅读作业时要求学生如何做；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何做。两个例子概念类似，可以确定选B。5Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. _， he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.AAs a matter of fact BLater on COther times DIn generalC利用结构复现解题。此处 sometimes与 other times 是结构上的同现关系，故选择C项。技法4完形填空技法之搭配习惯 英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确的选择。一、动介搭配例 1 2015北京卷节选 Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts _ their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.Ato Bwith Cfor Dfrom点睛 C根据语境“他们发出邀请，并为客人们准备了甜点”可知选C。prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物。例 2 2015陕西卷节选 That routine(习惯) meant Dad was home early to _the evening with Mum and me. Afind Blose Cwaste Dspend点睛 D根据语境“那种习惯意味着爸爸提早回家，与妈妈和我一起度过那个夜晚”可知选D。spend time with sb同某人一起度过时光。二、动宾搭配例 3 2015四川卷节选 The squirrels had no _ coming up right to me for them.Abusiness Bfun Cproblem Dprivilege点睛 C根据语境“松鼠没什么问题，它们直接就过来吃”可知选C。 have no problem (in) doing sth做某事没问题。例 4 2015江苏卷节选 The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big _ on how I saw life from then on. Astrike Bpush Cchallenge Dimpact 点睛 D固定搭配have an impact on意为“对产生影响”。例 5 2014湖南卷节选 Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good _Aconclusion Bsuggestion Cimpression Dobservation点睛 C固定搭配make a good impression意为“留下好印象”。这里指正确地烫好的衣服将会帮助作者(给他人)留下好的印象。三、介词搭配例 62014浙江卷节选 _ me, Simon had become a different person.ABecause of BIn spite of CApart from DAs for点睛 A根据句意“因为我的原因，Simon完全变了一个人”可知选A。because of由于，因为。例 7 2014北京卷节选 who then showed us a poster she had painted _ the talent show.Aat Bafter Cfor Daround点睛 C根据语境“老师拿出一张为才艺秀做的海报”可知选C。for为的，供的。例 8 2014江苏卷节选 Study had to be done _ his farmwork routines.Abetween BDuring Cover Dthrough点睛 A根据句意“学习不得不在日常农活之间完成”可知选A。between在之间；during在期间；over在上方；through穿过。四、句式搭配例 92015四川卷节选 The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. _she had a slice to eat，she never bothered the one on her head.AEven if BEver since CAs far as DSo long as点睛 D句意：只要“她”有胡萝卜片吃着，“她”从来就不会为头顶上的东西感到烦恼。even if即使；ever since自从；as far as就而言；so long as只要。例 102015天津卷节选 As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of _ it would be like to live there. Awhich Bwhy Cthat Dwhat点睛 D根据下文的“it would be like to live there.”可知，介词like缺少宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。五、句型搭配例 112015全国卷节选 It _ me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.Aconfused Bstruck Creminded Dwarned点睛 B固定句型It strikes sb that意为“某人突然想起”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。【活学活用】12015全国卷节选 When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _ his family might need, he burst into tears.Awhoever Bwhatever Cwhichever DwheneverBwhoever无论谁；whatever无论什么；whichever无论哪一个；whenever无论什么时候。动词need缺少宾语，故用whatever。他可以用礼品卡买任何他的家人所需要的东西。故选B。22013新课标全国卷节选 It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into _. Aplace Baction Cplay DeffectA此处get与into place搭配，意为“把归位”。 作者是健康人，刚坐到轮椅上不会驾轻就熟，所以即便将脚蹬归位这样简单的动作，也用了很长时间。32013辽宁卷节选 As she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path _ to the house and then on the house itself.Agetting Bintroducing Cleading DmovingC 此处lead与to搭配，意为“通往”。根据句意可知C项正确。4If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be _ financially for its use.Arewarded Bpraised Cawarded Dpunished答案 A5Strangely enough，she soon dreamt that she was a worldfamous chef(主厨)She made a _ and wore diamonds and designer clothes.Adecision Bfortune Cbusiness Dplan答案 B My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ _1_ my job. Family to Feed.”At this store, a _2_ like this is not normal. My 10yearold noticed him and made a _3_ on how bad it must be to have to stand _4_ in the cold wind.In the s