动词不定式的被动语态(1)选修7Unit2

.,Unit2RobotsGrammar,动词不定式的被动语态,.,一、RevisethePassiveVoice主动语态（theactivevoice）被动语态（thepassivevoice）如：Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,.,ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,主被动语态的转换：,Tombrokethewindow.,.,如：我的家乡发生了很大的变化。不能说：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.,通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。,.,时,式,常见主被动时态变化一览表,was,given,given,am,is,are,ambeing,isbeing,arebeing,hasbeen,havebeen,were,wasbeing,werebeing,hadbeen,shallbe,willbe,shall/willhavebeen,.,1.复习动词不定式的主动被动结构,tobedone,tohavebeendone,.,1.Thedam_bytheyear2020,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompleted,D,2.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetaken,B,.,2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby.,ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.,Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.,.,3)做宾语Shedidntliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。,Theclerkwouldntliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers,4)做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。,Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.,.,5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.,6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。,Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.,.,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动nothing宾/he主eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_动_宾/_主_谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,abook,you,read,Theelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.,.,比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)IllgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything_(take)toyourwifethere?2)Doyouhaveanyclothes_(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes_(wash),tobetaken,tobewashed,towash,注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。,.,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)-thisquestion（宾）注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_(动)-_(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。,dealwith,John,Thearmchairiscomfortabletositin,Thequestionisdifficulttoworkout,.,常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous,3).在“tootodo;enoughto”结构中。如：这个问题太难了算不出来。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)这房子够大能住下。Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.,.,4).Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。,Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,.,5).在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。Withsomanyexercisestodo,Icantdoafavorforyou.,6).一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。房子出租。Thehouseistolet我觉得我应该被责骂。IfeltIwastoblame.,.,7)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.Thenewproductsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.,.,8)感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes，itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.,.,9).动词need,require,want,和beworth后加v-ing的主动形式表被动意义。Mywatchdoesntwork;itneedsrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.,.,need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedoneMywatchdoesntwork;itneedsrepairing.=itneedstoberepaired.,.,.,1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto_(repair).2.Iknewhim_(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired_(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem_(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly_(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved_(steal)it.,berepaired,tohavebeencaught,tobetaken,tomake,tohavestolen,tobefined,练习,.,7.Ihope_(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto_(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence_(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter_(notdrive)afterdrinking.,totranslate,tobewelcomed,havebeentranslated,tobeadmitted,bereading,tobereceived,nottodrive,.,14.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited_(speak).15.Ithappened_(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry_(lose)yourkey.17.Iamsorry_(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.18.Heasked_(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.19.Whathehopedwas_(admit)intotheuniversity20.Hegottothestationonly_(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.21.Iamsorry_(keep)youwaitingsolong.,tospeak,toberaining,tohavelost,tosay,tobesent,tobeadmitted,tofind,tohavekept,.,22.Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_(explain)whathehadlearnt.23.Myadvisorencouragedme_(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.24.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_(hear),butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.25.Thefluisbelieved_(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.26.Heseems_（punish)byhisteacheryesterday.27._(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.28.Hewastoofrightened_(say)anything.,toexplain,totake,tohaveheard,tobecaused,tohavebeenpunished,Tosave,tosay,.,29.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom_(clean).30.Mygrandmotherseemsto