unit6grammar.ppt

,Language宾语从句TheObjectClause,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,主语,谓语,主句,（复合句）,宾语从句要注意的问题1.从句要用陈述句的语序2.连词的选用3.时态,疑问句陈述句,1.Istheplacecleanandsafe?Theplaceiscleanandsafe.2.DoestheteacherspeakCantonese?TheteacherspeaksCantonese.3.Didheplaybasketballyesterday?Heplayedbasketballyesterday.4.Haveyoufinishedyourpaper?Ihavefinishedmypaper.,Youwillbesuccessfulintheexam.Ihope.Ihope(that)youwillbesuccessfulintheexam.Someonetookhisbag.Herealizedlater.Herealizedlater(that)someonehadtakenhisbag.SheisfromAmerican.Tomdidntknow.Tomdidntknow(that)shewasfromAmerican.Imonthevergeofbreakingdown.Hecouldntbelieve.Hecouldntbelieve(that)Iwasonthevergeofbreakingdown.,主句(that)陈述句that可以省略,Weoftenusethat-clauseaftertheseverbs:,Workouttherule,Weoftenleaveout_inanobjectclauseinspeech.,agreeexplainknowsuggestbelievefeelsaythink,that,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）4.我认为他不是合适的人选._.,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,Idontthinkheistherightperson.,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,Wheredidyoubuythisbook?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhereyouboughtthisbook?Whenwillwetaketheexam?Idontknow.Idontknowwhenwewilltaketheexam.Howdidtheybecomeeverlastingfriends?Ihadnoidea.Ihadnoideahowtheyhadbecomeeverlastingfriends.Whywashelate?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhyhewaslate?,特殊疑问句：主句特殊疑问词陈述语序（主谓）,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,1.Heasked_.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked_.（谁的书法是班上最好的）6.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么时候开会）7.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿）8.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么火车迟到了）,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass,whenwellhaveameeting,whereheis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainwaslate,Inpairs,completetheconversationsonthenextpage.S1shouldtellS2whathe/sheandotherpeopleeat.S2shouldlookatthetablebelowandgiveasuitablereply.,1.S1:_(I/lot/sweets/littlefruit)S2:_2.S1:_(I/lot/friedfood/littlebread)S2:_3.S1:_(Mybrother/lot/meat/fewvegetables)S2:_,Ieatalotofsweetsandonlyalittlefruit.,Ithink(that)youneedtoeatfewersweetsandmorefruit.,Ieatalotoffriedfoodandonlyalittlebread.,Ithink(that)youneedtoeatlessfriedfoodandmorebread.,Mybrothereatsalotofmeatandonlyafewvegetables.,Ithink(that)yourbrotherneedstoeatlessmeatandmorevegetables.,4.S1:_(I/lot/meat/feworanges)S2:_5.S1:_(Mysister/lot/eggs/fewcarrots)S2:_,Ieatalotofmeatandonlyafeworanges.,Ithink(that)youneedtoeatlessmeatandmoreoranges.,Mysistereatsalotofeggsandonlyafewcarrots.,Ithink(that)yoursisterneedstoeatfewereggsandmorecarrots.,Inpairs,askandanswerquestion.Followtheexample.,1.S1:DoyouknowhowmanymealsIusuallyhaveeachday?S2:Ithink(that)youusuallyhavethreebigmealseachday.,2.S1:Doyouknowwhichmealisthemostimportant?S2:Ithink(that)breakfastisthemostimportant3.S1:DoyouknowwhoIusuallyhavelunchwithatthewekend?S2:Ithink(that)youusuallyhavelunchwithyourparentsattheweekend.4.S1:DoyouknowwhereIusuallyhavedinner?S2:Ithink(that)youusuallyhavedinnerathome.5.S1:DoyouknowwhenIusuallyhavedinner?S2:Ithink(that)youususllyhavedinnerat6p.m.S1:doyouknowhowmanyglassesofwaterIdrinkeveryday?Ithink(that)youdrink3glassesofwatereveryday.,Isthetestgoingtobehard?Idliketoknow.Idliketoknowif/whetherthetestisgoingtobehard.Canthisbirdspreaditswings?Hewondered.Hewonderedif/whetherthisbirdcouldspreaditswings.DidyougotoBeijinglastyear?Sheasked.Sheaskedif/whetherIwenttoBeijinglastyear.DoessheteachEnglishorChinese?Iwondered.IwonderedwhethershetaughtEnglishorChinese.,一般疑问句：主句if/whether+陈述语气（主谓）（是否）,拓展,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）4.Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecide_tobuyone.5.Iamnotinterestedin_youliketheplanornot.,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,whetheritisgoingtorainornot,当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.只有whether后可以接不定式“to”介词后要用whether.,whether,whether,三.宾语从句的时态,宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.IknowhelivesinXian.我知道他住在西安我知道他几年前住在西安.IknowhelivedinXianseveralyearsago.我知道他住在西安有十年了IknowhehaslivedinXianfortenyears.,宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态,那么从句的时态?,LinTaoknows(现在时)wholives(现在时)here.LinTaoknew(过去时)who_(进去时)here.,Hesaysthathehasseenit.Hesaidthathe_it.,Isaythatsheisreading.Isaidthatshe_reading.,lived,hadseen,was,一定要用相应的过去进态.即:一般现在时-一般过去时一般将来时-过去将来时（woulddo)现在进行时-过去进行时现在完成时-进去完成时,注意：如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。,Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.,1.我们老师说一月份是一年当中的第一个月。Ourteachersaidthat_,Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.,2.科学家们已经证明了地球绕着太阳转。Scientistshaveprovedthat_,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.,当主句是现在时,Ihearthat,他将要来.,hewillcome.,hehasalreadycome.,他已经回来了.,heiscoming.,他正来.,当主句是过去时,Iheardthat,hewouldcome.,hehadalreadycome.,hewascoming.,他将要来.,他已经回来了.,他正来。,Theteachertoldus.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.,Theteachertoldus(that)theearthgoesaroundthesun.,当从句说的是客观真理或格言谚语时,不受主句时态限制,仍然是一般现在时.,从句的时态根据句子的意思来选择时态.,从句必须用相应的过去的某一时态.,summarize,宾语从句是由整个句子充当主句的宾语。,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）语序（陈述句语序：主语+谓语）时态,引导词,1.陈述句,2.特殊疑问句,3.一般疑问句,Iwanttoknow_hewillcome.Iwanttoknow_hewillcomeornot.,whether/if,whether,用that引导宾语从句,用疑问词who,whom,whose,which，what,where,how,why,when引导宾语从句,用whether,if引导宾语从句,但whether可以和ornot连用，而if不可以。,1could/would是委婉语气，从句时态不变。,注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,Couldyoutellme.whenwillhecomeback?,Couldyoutellmewhenhewillcomeback?,2连词+宾语从句连词+todo,IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.,注意事项,语序：陈述句语序,当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whathappened?eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?,注意事项,practice,1.我不懂你什么意思。Idontunderstand_.2.他不知道怎么样处理这件事。Hedoesntknow_dealwithit.3.能告诉我班上谁最高吗？Couldyoutellme_inclass.4.你知道我们每天需要喝多少水吗？Doyouknow_everyday?5.我意识到哪个更重要了。Irealized_moreimportant.6.你知道他怎么了吗？Doyouknow_withhim?,whatyoumean,howhecan,whoisthetallest,howmuchwaterweneedtodrink,whichonewas,Whatisthematter,exercises,Idontthinkyou_(be)right.Ihopehe_(come)tomorrow.IdontbelieveDavid_(steal)themoney.Pleasetellmewhereyoursister_(work)lastyear.Sheaskedwhosepenit_(be).Lindasaidshe_(visit)Hainanislandthenextday.Mygrandfathertoldmethatthesun_(rise)intheeast.Themansaidhe_(sleep)atthattime.,are,willcome,stole,worked,was,wouldvisit,rises,wassleeping,trueorfalse,Sheasksmewhatdoesitmean?HetoldmethathecomesfromAsia.Iwanttoknowwhatshisname?Sheaskedmewhatwasthematter.Thescientistsaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Iwasnotsurewhyheleaveshere.,F,F,F,s,came,is.,T,T,F,left,1.Doyouknow_isright.A.thatB.whoC.why2.Weneverwanttotell_WhichoneisrightB.WhichonerightisC.Whichisoneright3.Shedoesntknow