大学体验英语综合教程4 unit1Men-and-Women’s-Prejudices

Unit1,MenandWomensPrejudices,Prejudice:Prejudiceisprejudgment,orforminganopinionbeforebecomingawareoftherelevantfactsofacase.Thewordisoftenusedtorefertoanunreasonabledislikeanddistrustofaparticulargroupofpeopleorthings.racialprejudice=racialdiscriminationsexualprejudice=sexualdiscrimination,Airlinestewardess,Shouldwecallhimaairlinebrother?,Jobprejudices,malenurse,orfemalenurse?,Obstetricsandgynecology,politician,Warmup,1.engineer,2.manager,3.sailor,4.pilot,5.president,6.scientist,1.secretary,2.nurse,3.kindergartenteachers,4.care-giver,5.baby-sitter,6.stewardess,Whatwasthestatusofwomeninfeudalsociety?,Chinesewomenhavebeenportrayedinasimilarmannerthroughoutmostofrecenthistory.Thethreeobediencesandthefourvirtues,WomeninFeudalsociety,Father,Elderbrother,Husband,father-in-lawandmother-in-law,son,Beforemarriage,Aftermarriage,Chinesegirlswerebroughtuptobesubservient顺从的,passive;theirpre-ordained注定的rolestobeagoodmother,agoodhousekeeperandloverfortheirmanandmanytimesmarriednotwithamanoftheirchoosing.Arrangedmarriageswere(andsometimesevennowstillare)thenormandthebride-to-bewasexpectedtogoalongwiththepathchosenforher.,ForthoseChinesewomenluckyenoughtoescapeanarrangedmarriage,thenextobstaclealwayswas(andstillis)tobeabletogetalongwithandpleasehermother-in-lawamajortask,andmostnon-Asianfemaleswouldhavedifficultyinappreciatingjusthowhardthiscanbe.,Ineachdynasty,theroleofwomenvarieddrastically.Intheearlyages(beforeHan),womenweregenerallysubjecttomen(fathersandhusbands)butbynomeansslaves.TheinfluenceofwomenslowlyraiseduntiltheTangdynasty,whereitreacheditspeak.Then,womencanwalkfreelyonstreets,interactwithstrangersandbepresentatimportantceremonieswithouttheconsentofanyoneelse.TheTangevenproducedthefirstfemaleemperor.,ThesocialstatusofwomendroppedintoasteepdeclineafterthefalloftheTang,allthewayuntiltheQingdynasty.Animportantthingtorememberisthatwomencandivorcetheirhusbands(inalldynasties)andnoblewomenweregenerallywelleducated.Toconclude,noancientChineselaweverdictatedwhatawomenandcannotdo,andthereforewomenarelegallyEQUALtomen.Whatstoppedthemwasexpectationsofthesociety.,Letsguesssomecommonsayings!Dangerousbeauty.红颜祸水Abeautifulgirlhasanunfortunatelife.红颜薄命Mediocrityisthevirtueofwomen.女子无才便是德。,toearnmoney/beingabreadwinneracaretakerofthehome,orbeingahousekeeper,Fathersroleinfeudalsociety:,mothersroleinfeudalsociety:,Now,manymoreChinesefemalesarechoosingtoworkoutsideaftermarriage.acaretakerofthehome,orbeingahousekeeper,toearnmoney,mothersroleincurrentsociety:,Whatistheimageofgoodfather?,Therearesomecharacteristicsthatgoodfathershaveincommon.Goodfathersareinvolvedinthelivesoftheirchildrensschoolactivities.Theyalsoinvolvethechildrenintheirlivesandtheadultworldbytakingthemtoseetheworkplace,takingthemwhenthecarneedstoberepaired,etc.,Goodfathersexpectagreatdealformchildren,butalsoacceptandsupporttheuniqueindividualstheirchildrenarebecoming.Theyacknowledgeeachchildandareneverashamedofthechildren.,Goodfatherssetlimitsandarefirm.Theylettheirchildrenknowtheirbeliefsandexpectationsbutrelyonexplanationsandreasoningratherthanforce.Goodfatherspendtimewiththeirchildren.Itisgoodforchildren.Theyrealizethattheirtimewithchildrenisreallyaninvestmentinthem.,Researchesfindthatfatherinvolvementisrelatedtoself-esteeminchildren.Thosefatherswhoaremoreaffectionateandspendtimewiththeirchildrencontributepositivelytotheself-esteemoftheirchildren.,Fatherwhovalueeducationhavechildrenwhodobetterinschoolthanthosechildrenwhosefathersdonotvalueeducation.Oneinvestigatorreportsarelationshipofchildrensreadinglevelstotheamounttheyseetheirfathersreadinginthehome.Inaddition,thatfathershavetheopportunitytospendqualitytimewiththeirchildrenmaycontributehappymemoriestolastalifetime.,Beinganinvolvedfatherisgoodforchildrenandgoodforfathers.Boththechildrenandthefathershaveopportunitiesforgrowthanddevelopment.Onefatherreportedthatbeingafathermadehimstrongerandbetterperson.Anotherfathersharedthatbeingafatherallowedhimtheopportunitytorememberthejoysandexperiencesofhischildhood.Todayslifestylesarechanging.Moreandmorefathersareeffectivelybalancingtheirpersonal,work,andfamilytimes.,InWesterncountries,traditionalfamilyroleswerethatthefatherwentouttoworktoearnmoneyforthefamily(“thebreadwinners”)whilethemotherstayedathometotakecareofthehouseandchildren(“thehomemaker”or“thehousewife”).Womendidnotholdajoboutsidethehomeandmendidnotcookordidhousecleaninginthehome.Ofcoursenowadayssocietysconceptsoftheseroleshavechanged.,Thisunitdiscussesthechangeofthesocialanddomesticrolesofmenandwomen.Nowmorethanever,womenareworkingoutsidethehomeandthetraditionaldutiessuchastakingcareofthechildrenandthehousehavebeenshiftedorredistributedbetweenmenandwomen.Whathasthischangemeantforsociety/children/men/womeningeneral?Doyouthinkthischangehasbeengoodorbad?Whatkindofchangesdoyouimaginebytheyear2050?,TheUnsungHeroes:WhatAboutWorkingDads?,1.Doyouthinkfathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothersare?Whyorwhynot?,Thisisanopen-endedquestion.(Fathersarethoughttobeasimportanttochildrenasmothersareintermsoftheiremotionalsupporttothefamily.),2.Whatstheimageofa“goodfamilyman?”,Agoodfamilymancanbeconsideredasonewhostrivestofulfillhisfamilyresponsibilitiesasahusbandandfather,orwhoputshisfamilydutiesfirst.,3.A“workingfather”asafamilybreadwinnerisoftentoobusytotakecareofhisfamily.Nowpeoplehaveanegativeimageofthe“workingfather.”Whatdoyouthinkofthe“workingfather?”,Ithinkworkingfathersdeserveourrecognitionandourthanksforwhattheydo.,LanguagePoints,petty1)mean;showingasmallmind器量小的；偏狭的bepettyaboutmoney金钱上很小气pettyandchildishbehavior小心眼和孩子气的行为2)unimportant;smallpettytroubles小麻烦pettycash(通常指小额的)零用现金,criticizev.criticizesb.(forsth.):pointoutthefaultsofsb./sth.批评某人、某物；挑剔；非难-Stopcriticizingmywork!criticismn.1)Hecanttakecriticism.2)文学、艺术等的评论literarycriticism,critical:lookingforfaults找出毛病的，指出缺点的-Whyareyoualwayssocritical?-Trytodevelopamorecriticalattitude,insteadofacceptingeverythingatfacevalue.要学会对一切事物一丝不苟，而不要注重表面现象。criticn.批评者；评论家,entertainv.1)招待；款待某人（尤指在自己家中）-Idontentertainveryoften.我不常在家请客。2)amusesb.使某人快乐-Canyouentertainthechildforanhour,whileImakesupper?,entertaining:amusingandpleasing使人愉快的averyentertainingfilmamostentertainingguestentertainment1)招待；款待；娱乐2）（在剧场、电影院、马戏团等的演出）,glarev.1)stareangrilyglareatsb./sth.怒目而视2）发出眩目而令人不快的强光glaren.1)怒视2）耀眼的光glaringadj.1)thatcannotbeignored明显的；不能忽视的aglaringerror2)耀眼的，闪闪发光的theglaringlightofhighnoon正午的耀眼阳光,omitv.1）failtodosth.忽略；疏忽；忘记做omittodosth/omitdoingsthPleasedontomittolockthedoorwhenyouleave.离开时不要忘了锁门。Sheomittedtellingtheteacheraboutit.她忘了把那件事告诉老师。,2）notincludesth不包括；省略；删除-Thischaptermaybeomitted.omissionn.同义词:overlook,neglect,ignore,Despitethefactthat+sentenceDespite尽管；不顾Theyhadawonderfulholiday,despitethebadweather.InspiteofTheywentoutinspiteoftherain.,minora.smaller;lessimportant较小的；次要的aminorroleintheplayminorityn.少数少数民族反义词：major;majority,trendn.:generaltendencyordirection趋势；趋向-Thetrendofpricesisstillupwards.近义词：trend：指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。tendency：指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。Hehasatendencytoforgetthings.他有忘事的倾向。,refertosb./sth.把称作，把当作-Dontrefertothismatteragain,please.refertoas:regardas;call-Dontrefertoyoursisterasasillycow!(=Dontcallyoursistersillycow.),opposev.1）反对-Heopposedtheproposaltobuildanewhall.-Dontopposeyourwillagainstmine.beopposedtodosth强烈反对某事物Sheseemsopposedtoyourgoingabroad.,Proportionn.部分；比例e.g.Theproportionofwomenintheprofessionhadrisento17.3%.从事该职业的女性比例已升高到17.3%。inproportionto与成比例；与相比Childrentendtohaverelativelylargerheadsthanadultsinproportiontotherestoftheirbody.与成人相比，儿童头部占整个身体的比例相对较大。,abusev.滥用abuseonesauthority2)剥削；虐待amuchabusedwife3)辱骂；诋毁abusivea.责骂的abusivelanguage/remarks,Itseemsthattheonlytimewhen似乎只有在的时候Itseemsthattheonlytimewedonttakewaterforgrantediswhenwegetourwaterbill.Itseemsthattheonlytimehefeltgoodabouthimselfwaswhenhewasbowling.,dubious1)(尤指作表语)半信半疑的；可疑的(doubtful)-Iremaindubiousabouthismotives.2)无把握的;迟疑的;拿不准的Myparentsweredubiousaboutitatfirstbutwesoonconvincedthem.我父母起初对此心存疑虑,但是我们很快就让他们信服了。,Oneexceptionto例外OneexceptiontocondemningthenewO.J.bookisFox“News”.Oneexceptiontothe“no-tipping”ruleisthehotelstaff.,glowinga.热情赞扬的aglowingreportglowv.发光，灼热;脸红;洋溢，喜形于色Acigaretteglowedinthedark.黑暗中有支香烟发着光。TheexpectantmothersthatAmyhadencounteredpositivelyglowedwithpride.埃米遇见的准妈妈们个个洋溢着自豪和喜悦。,makeacommitment做出承诺，承担责任HefelthedidnothavetomakesuchacommitmenttoJohnanymore.makenocommitment不做出承诺，不承担责任,appreciationn.1)欣赏；鉴赏;赏识Brianwhistledinappreciation.布赖恩吹口哨以示赞赏。2）感谢；感激Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciationofallyouvedoneforus.3)(尤指书面的)鉴定；评论等anappreciationofthepoetsworkappreciatev.,obligationn.law,moralpressure,promise,etcthatforcesonetodosth(法律、道义、承诺等的)义务、职责、责任beunderan/noobligation(todosth/tosb)有/没有义务做obligev.passive(按法律、协议或道义)强迫或要求某人做某事物Theywereobligedtoselltheirhouseinordertopaytheirdebts.,bythesametokeninthesameway;forthesame同样地，由于同样原因Wearegratefultoyouforgivingusshelterforthenight,bythesametoken,weshouldliketothankyourwifeforallherkindness.Sinceshewasborninaveryrichfamilyshehadneverseensuchpovertybefore,andbythesametokenshecouldnotquitebelievethatthechildrencouldnotgotoschool.,.whenitcomesto.whenitconcerns.提到Whenitcomestopolitics,Iamanabsoluteoutsider.Whenitcomestomathematics,Imcompletelyatsea.Manyoftheseyoungstersknowthejobintheorybuttheyarestillmetbehindtheearswhenitcomestoputtingitintopractice.,Thereiswidespreadagreementamongthat在（人群