高考英语 定语从句课件

定语从句,ThemanoverthereisMike.,ThemanwhocamefirstisMike.,YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.,什么是定语从句？,由一个句子来充当定语，修饰n./pron.或整个句子,Myfatherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforhishealth.,ThemanwhocamefirstisMike.,先行词,定语从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,关系词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,连接；指代；在从句中作句子成分,主从句,先行词,关系代词：关系词关系副词：1.关系代词引导的定语从句A关系代词that的用法Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere?ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJimssister.B关系代词which的用法Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater.Thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.C关系代词who(whom)的用法ThisistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.ThisisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.ThisisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,指物,作主语,作宾语,指人,作主语,作宾语,(),(),指物,作主语,作宾语,(),指人,作主语,作动词宾语，也可用who,作介词宾语，只能用whom,一般情况下，that和which可互换,Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.,Themoneythat/whichmymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.,只能用that的情况,a.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatIhaveeverseen.,当先行词是adj.最高级、序数词或被最高级、序数词修饰时,b.Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.,当先行词为all,much,little,none,noone,something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,总结：,(1)that和which指物,c.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclassLiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.,当先行词被theonly,thevery,oneof,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时,d.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,当先行词既有人又有物时,e.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverman?,当主句已有疑问词which或who时,f.Thereisatableovertherethatisfoldedaway.,当主句是therebe结构时,只能用which的情况a.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.LiMingislateforschooleveryday,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.,在非限定性定语从句中,b.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.,有两个定语从句，其中一个用的是that,另一个就用which,c.Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.,当关系代词前有介词时,d.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.,当先行词本身就是that时,a.Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedontpleaseme.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.,(2)that和who指人,一般情况下，that和who可互换,Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.,Themanthat/who/whomhewantstoseeisinShanghai.,有些情况只能用who,当先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时,b.Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.,在therebe结构中,c.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.,有两个定语从句，其中一个用的是that，另一个就用who,D关系代词whose的用法,Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,Iwillcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.,Whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow?,whose是代词的所有格，既可代人也可代物,比较：Iwillcallapersonwhoknowsyou.,theownerofthecar,Whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow?,当whose代物时，相当于ofwhich,Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred.,IwenttoseemyfriendstheSmiths,whosechildrenIusedtolookafterwhentheyweresmall.,whose既可引导限定性定从，也可引导非限定性定从。,2.关系副词引导的定语从句A关系副词where的用法Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse/there.,ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.,where指代先行词thehouse，在从句中作地点状语,ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.,Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.,Thehouseatwhichwestayedwasntclean.,where=介词+which,B关系副词when的用法Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.,在从句中代替atatime，作时间状语,Hecameatatimeatwhichweneededhelp.,Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.,duringwhich,Doyouremembertheafternoonwhenwefirstmetthreeyearsago?,onwhich,when=介词+which,C关系副词why的用法Ididntgetapayrise,butthiswasntthereasonwhyIleft.,forwhich,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheclass.,forwhich,Thereasonwhy/thatImcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.,ThereasonisthatIwanttoinviteyoutoaparty.,why=介词+which，在从句中作原因状语,3.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的区别,只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词,ThisisthehousewhereIworked2yearsago.,Thisisthehousethat/whichIvisited.,句用where，因为它在从句中作状语，表示there/inthehouse,IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.,Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.,句用that/which，因为它在句中作宾语,1.ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where2.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that3.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Weshouldntspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom5.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom,B,B,A,D,D,6.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that7.TheScienceMuseum,_wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondonstouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where9.GeorgeOrwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypolitynovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname10.Astorygoes_ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that,C,A,A,D,D,8in是介词，因此空白处引导宾从，而该词在句中作主语，的地方”，that引导宾从时是连词，无意义,10that引导的是story的同位语从句(从句去掉that后意义、成分都完整，that只起连接作用),11.Luckily,wedboughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which12.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./13.Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/14.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which15.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,D,D,C,D,A,4.as引导的定语从句as作为关系代词和关系副词都可以引导定语从句Asuchas像那样的thesameas和一样的,Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.,Suchpeopleasyoudescribeareshortnowadays.,as在从句中作主语,as在从句中作宾语,Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.,as在从句中作宾语,Bsuchas,先行词，这样的人或物,ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.,as在从句中作宾语,HetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasIhadneverhadbefore.,3.as引导的非限制性定从,TheteacherisfromBeijing,as/whichtheyknowfromhisaccent.,Aseverybodycansee,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.,as引导的非限定性定从可放在句首、句尾，而which引导的只能放在主句之后,5.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Theboywaspaid100dollarsforcleaningthewindows,mostofwhichhadnotbeencleanedforyears.Wereceivedalargenumberofvisitors,someofwhomareveryoldpeople.Thecompanynowhasmorethan100employees,halfofwhomarewomen.Theyhavefourchildren,theyoungestofwhomisaboy.Wegotthepartyatseven,bywhichtimetheyhadenjoyedthemselvesfortwohours.Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepicturewasstolen.,a.代词/数量词/adj.最高级+of+关系代词,b.prep.+关系代词+n.,=andbythattime,=andhishouse,Therewasnopeopleinthestreettowhomshecouldturnforhelp.这就是你要的那本书。Thisisthebookyouasked.Atthestationwemetakind-heartedman,withthehelpofwhomweeasilyfoundthehotel.,c.prep.+关系代词(根据定从的谓语选择适合的prep.),forwhich,动词短语不能拆开，如：lookfor,lookforwardto,takecareof等,Therearefiftypatientsnow,whomwemusttakecareof.,d.介词短语+关系代词,=withwhosehelp,介词的选用原则1.根据定从中谓语动词的习惯搭配来选介词ThisisthebookwhichIspent8yuan.ThisisthebookwhichIpaid8yuan.2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来选介词IrememberthedaywhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedayswhichIlivedhere.IrememberthemonthwhichIstayedthere.3.介词可后移，关系代词可省略ThepersontowhomyouwillwriteisMr.White.ThepersonwhomyouwillwritetoisMr.White.4.介词后若有关系代词，不用that或who，只能用which或whomTheplaceinwhichIwillarriveisParis.DoyouknowthegirltowhomIintroducedMary?5.定语从句中的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.,on,for,on,during,in,=that/who/不填,1.OccasionsarerareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.AwhoBwhichCwhyDwhen2.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamilytheparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.AwhyBwhereCwhichDwhat3.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.AhowBwhichCwhereDthat4.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.AwhenBduringwhichCsincethenDsincewhen5.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,hewenttoBeijinguniversity.AafterwhichBafterthatCinwhichDinthat,D,B,C,D,D,A,7.Today,wewilldiscussanumberofcasesb