大学英语写作技巧与训练(图表作文之饼状图和表格s).ppt

主讲人：,.,一数据类图表,1.1Piechart(圆形图/饼状图/圆面分割图)它是比较形象和直观的一种图形，此图形反映的是整体与部分的关系，整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。通常以百分数的形式表现出来，所以描写重点是图中的比例构成和最具特点的扇面。描写的时候注意最大或最小的扇面，对于各扇面数据的描写最好以从大到小的顺序来进行。ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklyexpenditureofafamilyinGreatBritain.Ascanbeseefromthechart,themainexpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilyisspentonfood,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalexpenditure.Thenexttwosignificantexpendingitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectively.Ifwetakeintoaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotalexpenditure.,.,1.1.1饼状图的写作思路1.审题分析三步法：Step1：观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间的关系是什么(一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图)；Step2：观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么；Step3：观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的百分比的比较或发展。2.选词和万能句在饼图中，表示百分比的句子是必不可少的。一般表示百分比有两种比较容易掌握的句型。1）占据be/form/comprise/makeup/constitute/cover/represent/accountfor/amounttobesharedby2）百分数Proportion/rate/percentage,.,3）比例，倍数aquarterofhalfofamajorityofAhassomethingincommonwithBAsharessomesimilaritywithBThedifferencebetweenAandBliesinDouble(2倍),triple(3倍),quadruple(4倍),(v,n,adj.)betwiceas+adj.+as.morethan_timesas+adj.+as.fourfold(adv.,adj.)=fourtimesasmuchas4）描述Itisclearthatthemost(adj.)_isA,whichaccountsfor_%ofall_.Bisthenextlargest(adj.)_,_%lowerthanAofall_andfollowedcloselybyC.Theabovethreeitemsof_takeupabout_%ofthe_%Bycontrast,D,EandFmakeupthesmallestpercentageoftotal_,whichare_%,_%and_%,respectively.Theregionscanbedividedintotwogroups:onewhereandtheotherwherethereverseisthecase.,.,1.1.2ModelAnalysis(1)：p59,Studythefollowingdataonloveandmarriagebasedonasurveywithgirlstudents.Writeapassageonthetopic“Whatdogirlstudentslookforinloveandlife?”,.,1.1.2ModelAnalysis：p59,Studythefollowingdataonloveandmarriagebasedonasurveywithgirlstudents.Writeapassageonthetopic“Whatdogirlstudentslookforinloveandlife?”,17%,11%,14%,27%,31%,Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?,.,19.7%,9.1%,3%,68.2%,Whatsthemostimportantforahappylife?,.,WhatDoGirlStudentsLookforinLoveandLife?Inordertoknowaboutgirlstudentsopinionaboutloveandlife,asurveywithgirlstudentswasconductedin2005intwouniversitiesChongqingUniversityofTechnologyandBusinessandEastChinaNormalUniversity.Thesurveysoughtanswerstotwoquestions:Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?Whatsthemostimportantthingforahappylife?Aboutonethirdofthestudentschosepersonalityasthetopfactorinchoosingaboyfriend,followedby27percentfocusingonabilities.Nextcamecommoninterestsandgoals,favoredby17percent,withonly14percentofstudentsclaimingappearancetobeuppermostintheirminds.Fewerstill,11percent,ratedeconomicstatusasthefirstconsideration.,.,Astotheirviewsaboutahappylife,nearly70percentofthegirlsattachedthegreatestimportancetomarriageandfamily.“Career”wasgiventopprioritybyjustunder20percent,whileevenfewer,around9percent,believedthatmoneywasthekeytoahappylife.Basedonthesurvey,wemayconcludethatnowadays,girlstudentsgenerallyholdarationalattitudetowardsloveandlife.Admittedly,theimprovedmaterialconditionsoflifeexplainwhygirlstakeeconomicstatusandmoneyratherlightly.Butcontrarytothepopularviewthatgirlsaremoreconcernedaboutself-developmentintheworkplaceandsocialstatus,theystillregarduponmarriageandfamilylifeascentraltoahappylife.,.,Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.StudythefollowingdataonreasonswhypeopleleavetheUKandreasonswhypeoplestayintheUK.?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan200words,1.1.3295978(piegraph1)：2013年1月5日雅思,.,1.1.3295978(piegraph1)：2013年1月5日雅思,.,.,1.4表格(Table)表格常由标题（Title）、表头（Box-head）（表格的第一行）、侧目（Stub）（表格左边的第一列）和主体（Body）部分（表格的其余部分）等部分组成。表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。表格中的数字较多，但是数字间的规律性却很强，所以可以通过归纳和突出典型数据的思路来分析。把变化趋势或特征相似的几项归为一类，这样就使复杂的数据简单化。至于典型的数据，可以通过横向和纵向两个方面进行比较来获得，同时留意最大或最小的数据。,.,例如，下面的表格中的数字说明:STUDENTENROLLMENTBYLEVELINCHINA(Title),和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。,.,.,.,1.4.1ModelAnalysis(1):1991年6月CET-4作文真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan100wordsonChangesinPeoplesDiet.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:1.statethechangesinpeoplesdietinthepastfiveyears;2.givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.3.drawyourownconclusions.4.youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.,.,Fromthechartwecanseethatduringthepastfiveyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinpeoplesdiet.Thegreatestchangeoccursingrainconsumption,whichhasdropped4%from49%in1986to45%in1990intotalfoodconsumption.Thesecondgreatestchangeisinmilkconsumption,whichincreasedfrom10%in1986to13%in1990.Butontheotherhand,twotrendscanbeobservedintheconsumptionofmeatandfruitandvegetables.From1986to1989,meatconsumptionincreasedfrom17%to23%whilethatoffruitandvegetablesdroppedfrom24%to20%.From1989to1990,meatconsumptiondroppedalittleto21%,whilethatoffruitandvegetablesincreasedalittleto21%.,.,Whathascausedthegreatchangesinpeoplesdiet?Themainreason,Ithink,liesintheimprovementinpeoplesincomelevel.Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,peoplearebecomingricherandricher,whichenablesthemtopurchasemorenutritiousfoodsuchasmeatandmilk.Inth