Book2_Lesson4_Inaugural_Address 课件

Unit4,InauguralAddressbyJohnF.Kennedy,LearningPoints,I.BackgroundknowledgeII.TypeofLiteratureIII.TextStructureIV.DetailedStudyoftheText,I.BackgroundKnowledge,1.JohnFKennedy2.Inauguration3.Coldwarperiod,I.BackgroundKnowledge,OnNovember22,1963,JohnFitzgeraldKennedywaskilledinDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.,BackgroundKnowledge,OfIrishdescent,hewasborninBrookline,Massachusetts,onMay29,1917.GraduatingfromHarvardin1940,heenteredtheNavy.,BackgroundKnowledge,Backfromthewar,hebecameaDemocraticCongressmanHemarriedJacquelineBouvieronSeptember12,1953.In1955,hewroteProfilesinCourage,whichwonthePulitzerPrizeinhistory.,I.BackgroundKnowledge,In1956KennedyalmostgainedtheDemocraticnominationforVicePresident.Fouryearslaterwasafirst-ballotnomineeforPresident.KennedybecamethefirstRomanCatholicPresident.,I.BackgroundKnowledge,HisInauguralAddressofferedthememorableinjunction:Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou-askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.,I.BackgroundKnowledge,AsPresident,KennedysetouttoredeemhiscampaignpledgetogetAmericamovingagain.HiseconomicprogramslaunchedthecountryonitslongestsustainedexpansionsinceWorldWarII.,TypeofLiterature,PoliticalSpeechwhichtriesto:-explain-convince-persuade,FeaturesoftheSpeech,Addressingoldfriendsfirstwithsweetestwordsandthenfoeswithsharpwords.BeinglogicalandclearEmployingrhetoricaldevicesandwordstocreatethedesiredemotionalimpactUsingbiblicalstyledeliberately,StructureoftheSpeech,Part1Paragraph1-5Generalintroductionorevaluationoftheinternationalsituationandgeneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals.,StructureoftheSpeech,Part2Paragraph6-20Addressingdifferentcountriesanddeclaringdifferentpoliciestooldallies,thenewstatesandrivals.,StructureoftheSpeech,Part3Para.21-27AppealingtobothhisfellowAmericansandfellowcitizensoftheworld.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph1,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatdoesKennedymeanby“avictoryofaparty,butacelebrationoffreedom”?2)Whatareanendandabeginningandrenewalandchangereferredtorespectively?3)Whosetdownthepresidentialoath?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph1,LanguagePointsparallelismWeobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom,symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning,signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.repetitionof“aswellas”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph1,LanguagePointssolemnoathThepresidentialoathwhichwasprescribedintheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates:“IdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andwilltothebestofmyability,preserve,protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph2,ThinkBeforeYourRead1)WhydidKennedythattheworldisverydifferentnow?2)Whatarethedifferencesdoeshehaveinmind?Doyouagreewithhim?3)Whatbeliefisstillatissuearoundtheglobe?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph2,LanguagePointsTheworldisverydifferentnow.Manhasmadegreatprogressinscienceandtechnologysohehasthepowertoabolishpoverty,buthealsohasthepowertodestroyhumanlife.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph2,LanguagePointsTherightsofmancomenotfromthegenerosityofthestatebutfromthehandofGod.ItreferstoapassageintheAmericanDeclarationofIndependence:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRightsthatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph2,atissue:indispute;stilltobedecidedEx.“Manypeoplefailtograspwhatisreallyatissuehere”(GailSheehy),DetailedTextStudyParagraph3,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatdoesKennedymeanbysaying“heirsofthatfirstRevolution”?2)Whatsthefigurativemeaningoftouch?3)WhomdoesKennedyregardasfriendsandwhomdoesheconsidertobefoes?4)WhatarethenewgenerationsofAmericanslike?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph3,LanguagePointsalliteration:TofriendandfoealikeInsimpleEnglishitcanbechangedinto:“tomyfriendsandenemies”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph3,LanguagePointsparallelism:AnewgenerationofAmericans,borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace.Temperedbywar:TheAmericansofthe20thcenturyfoughttwoworldwars,sotheyarewelltempered.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph3,LanguagePointsDisciplined:receivedtrainingthatdevelopedself-controlandcharacterHardandbitterpeace:peacebutcoldwar,DetailedTextStudyParagraph4,LanguagePointsparallelismWeshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,andopposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.repetitionof“any”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph4,alliterationWeshallpayanyprice,bearanyburdenToassurethesurvivalandthesuccessoflibertyThisparagraphisaddressedtofriendandfoeatthesametime.Itpromisestosupportanyfriendandtoopposeanyfoe.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph5,LanguagePointsThismuchwepledgeandmore.Paraphrase:Wepromisetodothismuchandwepromisetodomore.Itisaone-sentenceparagraphthatfunctionsasatransitionfromthegeneraltothespecific.Inthefollowingparagraphshewillbeaddressingdifferentspecificgroupsofnations.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph6,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatpromisedidKennedygivetotheoldallies?2)Findouttheantithesesinthisparagraph.3)Explainthelastsentence.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph6,alliterationWepledgetheloyaltyoffaithfulfriends.antithesisUnited,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando.Paraphrase:Ifweareunited,wecandoalotofthingsinjointventures.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph6,LanguagePointsatodds:indisagreement;quarrelingSplitasunder:splitapart;disunitedEx.“Theartistandtheself-critic.are,withafewfelicitousexceptions,foreveratodds”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph6,SummaryInthisparagraphKennedyaddressesthewhiteEuropeancountriesingeneralbuthiswordsarespecificallydirectedtotheEnglishspeakingAnglo-Saxoncountries,suchasBritain,Canada,Australia,withwhomtheUnitedStatessharesacommonculturalandspiritualheritage.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph7,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatdoesKennedymeanbynewstatesandirontyranny?2)Studythemetaphorridingthebackofthetiger.3)Explainendupinside.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph7,LanguagePointsalliteration:Oneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedaway.Weshallalwayshopetofindthemstronglysupportingtheirownfreedom.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph7,LanguagePointsmetaphorThosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.Itimpliesthatthosecountriesthatfoolishlyseektheaidofsocialistcountrieswillendupbylosingtheirindependenceasmanyothercountriesdidinthepast.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph7,LanguagePointsKennedyaddressesthegovernmentsandpeopleofthenewlyindependentcountries,thethirdworlddevelopingcountries.HepromisestogivethemeconomicaidbutwarnsthemnottogoovertotheCommunists.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph8,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Whatfigureofspeechcanyoufindinthehutsandvillage?2)Whoaretheyreferredto?WhydidKennedywanttohelpthem?2)Howdoyouunderstandthelastsentence?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph8,LanguagePointsalliteration:breakthebondsofmassmiseryrepetition:Wepledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselves,forwhateverperiodisrequired,notbecausetheCommunistsmaybedoingit,notbecauseweseektheirvotes,butbecauseitisright.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph8,peoplesinthehutsandvillages:thepoorandbackwardpeopleinAfricaandAsiastrugglingtofreethemselvesfrompovertyandsufferinghelpthemhelpthemselves:Wewillhelpthemonlyiftheyalsodotheirbit.antithesis:Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph8,Paraphrase:Ifthepoorarecontinuouslyexploitedandoppressed,theywillriseupsomedayandoverthrowthe“freesociety”of“thefewwhoarerich.”KennedywantspeopletobelievethattheUnitedStatesrendersunselfishanddisinterestedaidtocountriesthatneedit.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph9,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatishisstatedpolicytowardsLatinAmerica?2)Explainandtranslate“toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds”.3)Payattentiontothemetaphorin“prey”ofthehostilepowers!4)Explainanothermetaphorinthelastsentence.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph9,LanguagePointsrepetition:ToconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeedsToassistfreemenandfreegovernmentsmetaphor:Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph9,ParaphraseWewillnotallowanyenemycountrytosubvertthispeacefulrevolutionthatbringshopeofprogresstoallourcountries.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph9,Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.Paraphrase:Andleteverycountryknowthenationsofthishemispherewillnottolerateanyinterferenceintheiraffairsbycountriesoutsidethishemisphere.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph9,SummaryKennedyaddressesallthecountrieslyingtothesouthoftheUnitedStatesinCentralandSouthAmerica.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph10,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)AccordingtoKennedy,whatisourage(modernage)like?2)Translate“wheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace”.3)WhatsKennedysmessagetotheU.N.?4)Explainthelastsentence.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph10,LanguagePointsparallelism:Werenewourpledgeofsupporttopreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective,tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak,andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.Invective:aviolentverbalattack;strongcriticism,insults,curses,etc.Writ:aformalwrittendocument;hereitreferstotheUnitedNationsCharter.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph10,LanguagePointsmetaphorTostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweakParaphrase:tostrengthenthepoweroftheUnitedNationstoprotectthenewlyindependentandtheweaknations.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph10,LanguagePointsrepetition:Ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace.Paraphrase:TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph11,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhowasKennedyaddressing?2)WhatwasKennedysrequesttohisadversary?3)Translatethesentence“Weoffernotself-destruction”.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph11,LanguagePointswouldmakethemselvesouradversary:Thisphrasethrowstheblameforconfrontationandworldtensionontheotherparty.ItstheothersidethatischallengingtheU.S.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph11,LanguagePointsBeforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destructionParaphrase:beforetheterribleresultcausedbyscienceoverwhelmedmankind,DetailedTextStudyParagraph11,Kennedyaddresseshisenemy.Hepointsoutthedestructivepowerofawarandputsforwardproposalsforarmscontrolnegotiation,cooperationinfieldsofscienceandspaceexploration.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph12,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)SumupthepolicythatKennedysaysheintendstopursuetowardsthosenationswhomheconsiderstobe“ouradversary”.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph12,LanguagePointsinversion:Onlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Paraphrase:Ifwearestrongourenemywillnotdaretoattackus.Hence,ourmilitarymightwillneverbeemployed.repetitionof“beyonddoubt”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph13,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Whatarethetwoandpowerfulgroupsofnations?2)Whatarethetwogroupsworriedabout?3)Whataretheyreallydoing?4)Explainstaythehand,DetailedTextStudyParagraph13,LanguagePointsLanguagePointsparallelismBothsidesoverburdenedbythecostofmodernweapons,bothrightlyalarmedbythesteadyspreadofthedeadlyatomAlliterationof“steadyspread”,DetailedTextStudyParagraph13,LanguagePointssynecdoche:Bothracingtoalertthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthehandofmankindsfinalwar.Paraphrase:Bothgroupsofnationsaretryingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethisuncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerthatrestrainseachgroupfromlaunchingmankindsfinalwar.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph15,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Identifytheparallelstructureinthisparagraph.2)Whatsthemeaningofthewordcivility?3)Translatethelastsentence.4)Inparagraph15,explainexplore,belabor.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph15,LanguagePointsAntithesisLetbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.Paraphrase:Letustrytofindoutwhereweagreeandwherewecancooperateandworktogetherinsteadofwastingourtimesquabblingoverthingswedisagreeon.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph16,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatproposaldidKennedymake?2)Noticetherepetitionofwordsabsolute,isthefirstdifferentfromthesecondinmeaning?3)Translatethelastsentence.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph16,LanguagePointsalliteration:Preciseproposalsfortheinspectionrepetition:Bringtheabsolutepowertodestroyothernationsundertheabsolutecontrolofallnations.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph16,Kennedyishereproposingthecontrolandlimitationofnuclearweaponsandalsointernationalinspectionoftheirproductionanddeployment.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph17,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2)Explainthefirstsentence.3)Explaintheseverbs:explore,conquer,eradicate,tapandencourage,DetailedTextStudyParagraph17,LanguagePointsLetbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.Paraphrase:Letbothsidestrytocallforththewonderfulthingsthatsciencecandoformankindinsteadofthefrightfulthingsitcando.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph17,LanguagePointsParallelismTogetherletusexplorethestars,conquerthedeserts,eradicatedisease,taptheoceandepthsandencouragetheartsandcommerce.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph18,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Howdoyouunderstandundotheheavyburdens?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph18,LanguagePointsMetaphorAbeachheadofcooperationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion.Paraphrase:Alittlebitofcorporationcanlessenthedeepsuspicionthatexistsonbothsides.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph18,Hereitisaconcreteproposaltostopthearmsraceandtobuildajustandpeacefulworldwheredisputescanbesettledpeacefullythroughdiscussionorlegalmeansandnotbyforce.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph20,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)Whatdoesahundreddaysalludeto?,DetailedTextStudyParagraph20,LanguagePointsAllthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundreddays.Paraphrase:Allthiswillnotbefinishedinaveryshorttime.Ahundreddays:alludingperhapstothefirsthundreddaysofFranklinD.Rooseveltspresidency.Duringthefamous“hundreddays”(March-June,1933),RooseveltsadministrationrushedthroughCongressafloodofanti-depressionmeasures.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph24,ThinkBeforeYouRead1)WhatmethoddidKennedyusetoincreasethesenseofurgency?2)Explainthefigurativemeaningofthelastsentence“fireandglow”.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph24,LanguagePointsexaggerationOnlyafewgenerationshavebeengrantedtheroleofdefendingfreedominitshourofmaximumdanger.Paraphrase:Peopleshouldfeelproudthattheyhavebeengiventhisopportunitytodefendfreedomwhentherewasthegreatestdangeroflosingit.,DetailedTextStudyParagraph24,metaphorTheenergy,thefai