lesson 5 I27d rather be black than female.ppt

Lesson5IdRatherBeBlackthanFemale,做黑人胜过做女人,ShirleyChisholm雪莉齐泽姆（1924-2005）,ShirleyChisholmisbestknownasthefirstblackwomanelectedtoUnitedStatesCongressandthefirstblackwomantorunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.ShirleyChisholmspokestronglyforthepoorandforwomen.SheworkedforcivilrightsforAfricanAmericans.,Congress,美国国会（Congress，UnitedStates）行使立法权（legislativeauthority）。议案（bill）一般经过提出、委员会审议、全院大会审议等程序。一院通过后，送交另一院，依次经过同样的程序。法案经两院通过后交总统签署；若总统不否决，或虽否决但经两院2/3议员重新通过，即正式成为法律。国会两院在各自议长(speaker)主持下工作。众议院议长由全院大会选举产生，副总统是参议院的当任议长。两院都设有许多委员会，还设有由两院议员共同组成的联席委员会，国会工作大多在各委员会中进行。,美国国会的主要和最明显的任务是立法，制定影响每一个美国人的法律，立法经常需要在一些有争议的问题上作出决定，例如医疗保险改革、战争、贸易汇率等，法案经过一系列的审议程序后才能成为法律。地位美国最高立法机关权力立法权所在地华盛顿特区国会大厦组成参议院和众议院,HouseofRepresentatives,Thesenate,UnitedStatesCongress,435memberseachmemberservesatwo-yearterm.,100memberseachmemberservesasix-yearterm.,美国最高立法机关，由参议院和众议院组成。参议员由各州选民直接选出，每州2名，实行各州代表权平等原则。现有议员100名。当选参议员必须年满30岁，作为美国公民已满9年，当选时为选出州的居民。任期6年，每2年改选13，连选得连任。众议员数按各州人口比例分配，由直接选举产生，每州至少1名，人数固定为435名，必须年满25岁，作为美国公民已满7年，当选时为选出州的居民。任期2年，连选得连任。两院议员长期连任现象极为普遍。议员不得兼任其他政府职务。,Structureofthetext,PartI:Beingfemaleisagreaterhandicapthanbeingblack.(par.1)A.Sexualprejudiceisinvisibletopeople.(par.2)B.Itsmuchhardertoeliminatesexualprejudicethanracialprejudice.(par.3-4)*Whydoestheauthorsayitisastillharderandlongerstruggletoeliminateprejudiceagainstwomen?,PartII:Sexualprejudiceinpolitics(myexperience)A.Myexperienceinpoliticsingeneral(par.5)B.Womeninpoliticsingeneral(par.6)C.Myexperienceinpoliticsinspecific1.Runforstatelegislature(par.7)2.Runfornationallegislaturea.Resistancefrominside(par.8)b.Resistancefromoutside(par.9)*Inwhatwayarewomenprejudicedagainstinpolitics?,PartIII:SexualPrejudiceingeneralA.Womenarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.(par.10)B.Womenhavenotreachedtokenism.(par.11)C.AnemphaticQuestion(par.12)*Inwhatwayarewomenprejudicedagainstingeneral?,PartIV:Womenscontributionisneededinpolitics.A.Peopleignorewomenscontribution.1.WhatIheard(par.13)2.WhatIexperienced(par.15)B.Womenhavealottodoinpolitics.(par.15)C.Womenhaveaspecialcontributiontomakeinpolitics.(Conclusion)(par.16-17)*Whataresomeoftheproblemstheauthorisdeterminedtohelptosolve?*Whatfinequalitiesdowomenhavethatmendonthave?,Text,PartI:Beingfemaleisagreaterhandicapthanbeingblack.(par.1)A.Sexualprejudiceisinvisibletopeople.(par.2)B.Itsmuchhardertoeliminatesexualprejudicethanracialprejudice.(par.3-4)*Whydoestheauthorsayitisastillharderandlongerstruggletoeliminateprejudiceagainstwomen?,BecausepartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.,BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.TherearenineotherblacksinCongress;therearetenotherwomen.Iwasthefirsttoovercomebothhandicapsatonce.Ofthetwohandicaps,beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.IfIsaidthatbeingblackisagreaterhandicapthanbeingawoman,probablynoonewouldquestionme.Why?Because“weallknow”thereisprejudiceagainstblackpeopleinAmerica.Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen-and,Iamafraid,mostwomen-asbizarre.,phenomenonfnmnnN-COUNT,phenomena(pl.)historicalphenomenonsocialphenomenonBeethovenwasaphenomenonamongmanymusicians.aremarkableperson非凡的人贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。handicapN-COUNT（1）mental/physicaldisabilityHelosthislegwhenhewasten,butlearnttoovercomehishandicap.(2)disadvantage障碍不利条件drawbackshortcomingfaultobstacleflaw,prejudicepredds,N.anunreasonabledislikeofaparticulargroupofpeopleorthingsracialprejudicesexual/genderprejudice有些公司对女性有偏见。Somecompaniesholdprejudiceagainstwomen.strikesb.as+adj.Rizhaostrikesmeasclean.,PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.Whenblacksfinallystartedto“mention”it,withsit-ins,boycotts,andfreedomrides,Americanswereincredulous.“Who,us?”theyaskedininjuredtones.“Wereprejudiced?”Itwasthestartofalong,painfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.Itwilltakeyearsforwhites-includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals-todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen?Iamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.PartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.,invisiblenvzbladj.visible,notbeingabletobeseen看不见的;隐形的sth./sb.beinvisibletosb./sth.许多星星是肉眼看不见的。Manystarsareinvisibletothenakedeye.我的不满对他来说就是隐形的。Mydissatisfactionisinvisibletohim.sit-ins,boycotts,andfreedomrides,incredulousnkredjulsadj.,notwillingtobelieve;unbelievingIamwhollyincredulousofthetruthofhisstory.我根本不相信他说的是真话。Myuncleremained_ofstoriesaboutflyingsaucers.A.incredibleB.incredulousprejudicedadj.sb.beprejudicedagainstsb.:someonehasanunreasonabledislikeofthem有些公司对女性有偏见。Somecompaniesareprejudicedagainstwomen.,eliminatelmnetvt.根除工作中的歧视toeliminatediscriminationinemploymentelinimationeliminable,Thegovernmentistryingto_thepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.A.inspireB.poisonC.adoptD.brainwash,PartII:Sexualprejudiceinpolitics(myexperience)A.Myexperienceinpoliticsingeneral(par.5)B.Womeninpoliticsingeneral(par.6)C.Myexperienceinpoliticsinspecific1.RunforstateAssembly(par.7)2.RunforCongressa.Resistancefrominside(par.8)b.Resistancefromoutside(par.9)*Inwhatwayarewomenprejudicedagainstinpolitics?,Womendomostofthetediouswork;whilemenreaptherewards.,Letmeexplain.Ihavebeenactiveinpoliticsformorethantwentyyears.Forallbutthelastsixyears,Ihavedonethework-allthetediousdetailsthatmakethedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatonElectionDay-whilemenreapedtherewards,whichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics.Itisstillwomen-aboutthreemillionvolunteers-whodomostofthisworkintheAmericanpoliticalworld.Thebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvice-chairman,akindofseparate-but-equalpositionwithwhichawomanisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelopestuffingandcard-partyorganizing.Insuchajob,shegetsanumberoffreetripstostateandsometimesnationalmeetingsandconventions,whereherroleissupposedtobetovotethewayhermalechairmanvotes.,tediousadj.boringdull,sth.makethedifference：sth.affectsyouandhelpsyouinwhatyouaredoingmakethe(alotof)differencetosth.Exercisemakesallthedifferencetoyourhealth.reapreaptherewards/benefitsofsth.lotfatedestiny,WhenItriedtobreakoutofthatrolein1963andrunfortheNewYorkStateAssemblyseatfromBrooklynsBedford-Stuyvesant,theresistancewasbitter.Fromthestartofthatcampaign,Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex.Butitwasfouryearslater,whenIranforCongress,thatthequestionofmysexbecameamajorissue.Amongmembersofmyownparty,closedmeetingswereheldtodiscusswaysofstoppingme.,breakoutofgetawayfrom,摆脱无目标的生活breakoutofaimlesswayoflifebitteradj.fierce激烈的战斗bitterfightingundisguisedndsgazdadj.straightforwardIfyoudescribesomeonesfeelingsasundisguised,youmeanthattheyshowthemopenlyanddonotmakeanyattempttohidethem.不加掩饰的；公开的；坦率的,hostilityhstltn.hostileunfriendlyoraggressivebehaviourtowardspeopleorideas敌意Thereisopenhostilitybetweenthetwoleaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。,Myopponent,thefamouscivil-rightsleaderJamesFarmer,triedtoprojectablack,masculineimage;hetouredtheneighborhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts,dashikis,andbeards.Whilethetelevisioncrewsignoredme,theywerenotawareofaveryimportantstatistic,whichbothIandmycampaignmanager,WesleyMacD.Holder,knew.Inmydistrictthereare2.5womenforeverymanregisteredtovote.Andthosewomenareorganized-inPTAs,churchsocieties,cardclubs,andothersocialandservicegroups.Iwenttothemandaskedtheirhelp.Mr.Farmerstilldoesntquiteknowwhathithim.,projecta+adj.image:presenta+adj.image呈现。形象touraplacemakeatourofacertainplace在。地区做巡回活动这名歌手2年内在全国做了巡回演出。Thesingertouredthecountryintwoyears.,PartIII:SexualPrejudiceingeneralA.Womenarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.(par.10)B.Womenhavenotreachedtokenism.(par.11)C.AnemphaticQuestion(par.12)*Inwhatwayarewomenprejudicedagainstingeneral?,Whenabrightyoungwomangraduatestartslookingforajob,whyisthefirstquestionalways;“Canyoutype?”Ahistoryofprejudiceliesbehindthatquestion.Whyarewomenthoughtofassecretaries,notadministrators?Librariansandteachers,butnotdoctorsandlawyers?Becausetheyarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.Thehappyhomemakerandthecontenteddarkyarebothstereotypesproducedbyprejudice.Womenhavenotevenreachedtheleveloftokenismthatblacksarereaching.NowomensitontheSupremeCourt.OnlytwohaveheldCabinetrank,andnonedoatpresent.Onlytwowomenholdambassadorialrank.Butwomenpredominateinthelower-paying,menial,unrewarding,dead-endjobs,andwhentheydoreachbetterpositions,theyareinvariablypaidlessthanamanforthesamejob.Ifthatisnotprejudice,whatwouldyoucallit?,contentedsatisfiedstereotypestertapn.afixedgeneralimagethestereotypeofChinese：thestereotypeofAmerican：Womenhavenotevenreachedtheleveloftokenismthatblacksarereaching.,SupremeCourt美国最高法院ThepresidentappointninepeopletobeSupremeCourtjudges.Theyholdofficeforlife.,HillaryClliton,UnitedStatesSecretaryofState,predominateprdmnetbelargerinnumber,quantity,power,statusorimportance（在数量上）占优势，占大多数Redandwhitepredominateintheseflowers.这些花中大部分是红色和白色的。Asmallgrouphasbeguntopredominateinpolicy-making.一小撮人在制定政策中已开始起主导作用。,menialMenialworkisveryboring,andthepeoplewhodoithavealowstatusandareusuallybadlypaid.humble，lowlymenialjobs,unrewardingun+rewardingnotrewarding;notprovidingpersonalsatisfaction没有成就感的；无回报的Theworkcanfeelunrewardingandthankless.这个工作吃力不讨好。dead-endadj.lackingopportunitiesfordevelopmentoradvancement无出路的,PartIV:Womenscontributionisneededinpolitics.A.Peopleignorewomenscontribution.1.WhatIheard(par.13)2.WhatIexperienced(par.15)B.Womenhavealottodoinpolitics.(par.15)C.Womenhaveaspecialcontributiontomakeinpolitics.(Conclusion)(par.16-17)*Whataresomeoftheproblemstheauthorisdeterminedtohelptosolve?*Whatfinequalitiesdowomenhavethatmendonthave?,1.Sheisdeterminedtohelpsolvetheproblemsofchildren,ofmilitaryspending,ofracialprejudice,oflawsagainstunfairhousingandunfairemploymentpractices.2.Theyareofempathy,tolerance,insight,patience,andpersistence.Thesearethequalitieswomennaturallyhave.,Afewyearsago,Iwastalkingwithapoliticalleaderaboutapromisingyoungwomanasacandidate.“Whyinvesttimeandefforttobuildthegirlup?”heaskedme.“Youknowshellonlydropoutofthegametohaveacoupleofkidsjustaboutthetimewerereadytorunherformayor.”Plentyofpeoplehavesaidsimilarthingsaboutme.Plentyofothershaveadvisedme,everytime,Itriedtotakeanotherupwardstep,thatIshouldgobacktoteaching,awomansvocationandleavepoliticstothemen.Iloveteaching,andIamreadytogobacktoitassoonasIamconvincedthatthiscountrynolongerneedsawomenscontribution.,promisingadj.prmsshowingpossibilityofachievementorexcellenceapromisingstudent/companypromisen.Ifsomeoneorsomethingshowspromise,theyseemlikelytobeverygoodorsuccessful.（非常好的或成功的）希望，迹象，指望Lifeseemedtohavenopromise.,candidateknddt候选人;求职者apoliticianwhoisrunningforpublicofficeHeisacandidatefortheofficeofGovernor.他是州长候选人之一。,Whentherearenochildrengoingtobedhungryinthisrichnation,Imaybereadytogobacktoteaching.Whenthereisagoodschoolforeverychild,Imaybeready.Whenwedonotspendourwealthonhardwaretomurderpeople,whenwenolongertolerateprejudiceagainstminorities,andwhenthelawsagainstunfairhousingandunfairemploymentpracticesareenforcedinsteadofevaded,thentheremaybenothingmoreformetodoinpolitics.Butuntilthathappens-andweallknowitwillnotbethisyearornext-whatweneedismorewomeninpolitics,becausewehaveaveryspecialcontributiontomake.Ihopethattheexampleofmysuccesswillconvinceotherwomentogetintopolitics-andnotjusttostuffenvelopes,buttorunforoffice.,hardwareh:dwe(r)majoritemsofmilitaryweaponastanksormissileenforcenf:svt.enforcementn.ensureobservanceoflawsandrules强制执行（法律、规定等）T