how to write a summary 详细讲解.ppt

1,Howtowritea,Summary?,2,Summary,Abridgebetweenreadingandwritingwhatisasummary?,3,Definitionofasummary,Asummaryisashortenedversionoftheoriginal.highlightthemajorpointsgetthegist(mainpoints)inashortperiodoftime.bewritteninyourownwords,4,Differencesbetweensummaryandabstract,summary概要、概括总结abstract论文摘要Abstractisashort-clear-highpointer.Summaryisalittledetailedoutversionofabstract.Asummaryreflectswhattheoriginalcontains,whereasanabstractreflectswhattheoriginalisabout.Asummarycontainsthemeatoftheoriginal,whereasanabstractcontainsonlyitsskeletalstructure.,5,e.g:amovieitisgoodoritisalovestoryabstractthereisaherofallsinlovewithagirl,hechasesher,thentheygetmarriedetc.summarywhenyouwriteapaper,anabstractisneeded,butyoudontneedtowriteasummary.Wecansaysummaryisakindoftool.,6,Characteristicsofagoodsummary,asummarymustbecomprehensiveasummarymustbeconciseasummarymustbecoherentasummarymustbeindependent,7,上一页,Dosanddontswhenwritingasummary,thelengthofasummary:one-thirdtoone-quarterofitsoriginalsize.asummaryiswriteninyourownwords,notinthewordsoftheoriginalselection.asummarygivesonlymainpointsofthetext.youshoulddecidewhattypeofasummarybasedontheneedsforthereader.,8,Stylesofpassage,9,Stepsofsummarywriting,reading,writing,modifying,10,First:reading,1.Skimandscanthetexttoidentifythetopicandtounderstandhowtheinformationhasbeenorganized.2.Readingcarefully.Makeanoteofthewritersmainpointsinyourownwords.,11,Second:writing,1.useyourownwords2.writeinthethirdperson-thepassivevoice(被动语态),12,Third:modifying,1.omitrepetitionanddetails2.revisethewritinguntilyouaresurethatyouhaveanaccuratesummarywhichflowslogically.,13,Someskillsofwritingasummary,Skill1:OmitthedetailsSkill2:OmittherepetitionsSkill3:OmittheexamplesSkill4:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)wordsSkill5:PutthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoiceSkill6:Findoutthetopicsentenceorthekeywords,14,Someexamples,1.Youcanthinkofawaytomanageyourtemper.Herearesometips:1)Weshouldtrytocalmdownandfigureoutwhatwearereallyupsetabout.2)Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3)Wecantrytotalkwithourbestfriendstoreleasestressfulemotions.Summary:Skill_,Therearemanytipsforyoutomanageyourtemper.,3:Omittheexamples,15,2.Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobemoreindependentfromtheirparentsandsometimesbecomeveryrebellious.Theyalwayswanttowearlongandstrangehairstyle,whichtheirparentscomplainaboutalot.TheyalsospendtoomuchtimeontheInternetandplayingcomputergames.Summary:Skill_,Nowadays,thereisanincreasingtendencythatmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobehaveindependentlyanddifferently.,1:Omitthedetails,16,3.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youputtoosaltonyourfood,Paul.Itsnotatallgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidnthavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawfullikeeatingwoodorsandjustimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”Summary:Skill_,KateaskedPaulnottousetoomuchsaltonhisfoodandtoldhimmanydisadvantagesofit.,5:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoice,17,4.Shebroughtalotofvegetablessuchascabbage,carrots,cucumbers,tomatoes,potatoesandsomeeggs.Sheintendedtoinviteallhisfriendsforherbirthdaypartyattheweekend.Summary:Skill_,Toholdherbirthdaypartyattheweekend,sheboughtalotofvegetables.,