人教版选修六unit2Grammar.ppt

,课标人教实验版高二Module6Unit2,SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,1.英语动词有三种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义:用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望,建议,假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,3.在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。,1).真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。,2).非真实条件句,非真实条件句用语虚拟语气,假设的情况不可能发生,或者可能性很小,其中if是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是就好了”;“如果,就会”,1.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.,与现在事实相反,3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与过去事实相反,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplaneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与将来事实相反,3)Themeaningofthesentenceofsubjunctivemood.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.,Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.,V.+ed(were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,二.虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.should,1.IwishIwereabird.(现在)2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(将来),IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。,2)wishtodo表达法wishsb./sth.todo,Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.,2.wouldratherthat,现在:过去:未来:,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.asif/though+Clause,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsthatitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Helooksasifheweredrunk.,4.Its(about/high)time+that,过去时should+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,5.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.他坚决要求我到场。HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.,obey,was,besent,3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,6.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,7.Ifonly要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!要是我没错过火车就好了！IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,8.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,9.某些简单句的固定句型:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,10.need“不必做”和“本不该做”didntneedtodo表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。neednthavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。,约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidntneedtowalkbackhome.,约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneednthavewalkedbackhome.,Therewasplentyoftime.She_.A.mustnthavehurriedB.couldnthavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.neednthavehurried,典型例题,答案D。neednthavedone.意为“本不必”,即已经做了某事,而实际上不必要。,mustnthavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnthavedone,“不可能已经”。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般现在时),三.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,3.谓语动词以should+havedone的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情,从而表示一种责备的语气。,e.g.1)Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkyesterday.2)Youshouldhavecomeherefiveminutesearlier.3)Heshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.,注意：在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。,_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI,典型例题,答案C.注意:在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说WerentItodo.,ExercisesI,1.You_tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou_it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willneed4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom_atonce.A.shouldcleanB.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned,5.Butforyourcarelessness,we_.A.shouldhavesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded,6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Janesfacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has,8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen9.IwishI_themeetinglastweek.A.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.couldhaveattended,10.Mysuggestionisthatwe_thesportsmet.A.wouldputoffB.shouldputoffC.puttedoffD.beputoff11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_cleaner.A.shouldbemadeB.ismadeC.wouldbemadeD.wasmade,12.Dontcomethisafternoon.Idratheryou_tomorrow.A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.willcome13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished,II.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.HadInotseenit