翻译对译者素养的要求.ppt

Topic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator,R,Topic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator(翻译对译者素养的要求),Teachingaims：getstudentstoknowthedifficultiesintranslationandtheimportanceofbroadeningonesknowledgeandpracticingTeachingemphasis：PrerequisitesforatranslatorTeachingmethods：AnalysisandPracticeReferences：孙致礼，新编英汉翻译教程p13-14；陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程p11-19；彭长江，英汉汉英翻译教程；郭著章，英汉互译实用教程。,R,Topic3PrerequisitesforaTranslator(翻译对译者素养的要求),I.theTranslatorsBilingualCompetence,II.Thebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneralknowledge,III.PoliticalConsciousness,IV.Highly-developedsenseofresponsibility,V.Translationtechniques,VI.Practice,R,（汉语功底要好，英语语言能力要强）译者应具备深厚的语言功底,R,I.theTranslatorsBilingualCompetence,1.GoodEnglishProficiency,1、扎实的英语基础，特别是要具有很强的阅读理解和鉴赏能力。1、1要掌握足够的英语词汇量。1、2要掌握系统的英语语法知识。1、2应该大量阅读英语原著，不断丰富自己的语言知识，提高自己的语感：语法意识（senseofgrammar）、惯用法知识（senseofidiomaticness）和连贯意识（senseofcoherence）。,R,Examples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-14）,Allthatglittersisnotgold.(Just)imagine(it).把它想像一下吧。不可能/想不到/真没想到。Reason:LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,“(just)imagine(it)”means“anexpressionofdisapprovalfortheplanorsuggestionjustmentioned,becausenosensiblepersoncouldimaginethatitcouldhappen.”Illbuyit.(slang:Icantunderstandit,pleasetellme.)我不懂。/我答不出。/请告诉我。,R,Youretellingme.你正在告诉我。(slang:Iknowthatverywell./Iknewthatlongago.)我早知道了。/还用你告诉我！Nowyouretalking.现在你正在谈话。（informal:Atlastyouresayingsomethingagreeable.）你到底说了合我意的话了。你这样说才合我的意思。,Examples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-14）,R,Youcantalk.(informal:Youdonthavetoworryaboutdoingaparticularthingyourself.)你不必担心自己要干什么。“Come,Come!Dontbesodevilishlysulky:itsboyish.”(MajorBarbarabyG.BernardShaw)“来，来“得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是孩子气。“,Examples:（SeeE-C,p13、C-E,p12-15、）,R,So,whattroublesusintranslationareusuallythosesimpleandfamiliarwordsbutnotthosedifficultandrarelyusedones.,R,2、GoodChineseProficiency(扎实的汉语基础，特别是下工夫提高汉语表达能力。),那地方是块肥肉，谁都想吃。Thatplaceisafatpieceofmeatwhicheveryonewantstoeat.Thatplaceisanattractivepieceofmeatcovetedbyall.你要有所弋获，则必须在学习中不断深入。Ifyouwanttogainanything,youmustconstantlydeepenyourstudies.,R,那研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终使其论文得以付梓。Thatgraduatestudentathislifesfullfloweringwaseagertolearn,workeddiligentlyanduntiringlyfor3years,andfinallyhehadhisthesispublished.,2、GoodChineseProficiency(扎实的汉语基础，特别是下工夫提高汉语表达能力。),R,II.Thebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneralknowledge,广博的文化知识（汉英、互译）,R,TheSecurityCouncilhasbeenseizedofthequestionsincethen.（需要国际法方面的知识）安理会自那时以来一直受理这个问题。,Serialpositioneffectsoccurwhenpeopletrytorecallitemsfromalist;itemsatthebeginningandendarebetterrecalledthantheitemsinthemiddle.Theimprovedrecallforitemsatthebeginningofalistiscalledaprimacyeffect.Theimprovedrecallforitemsattheendofalistiscalledarecencyeffect.人们要努力回想某一系列中的项目就会出现系列位置效应。位于系列开头和最后的项目比在中间的项目更易想起。对位于系列开头项目的记忆的提高称作首因效应，而对系列最后项目的记忆的提高称作近因效应。,R,Theimportanceofthetranslatorsstoreofgeneralknowledge-andofhis/herknowledgeofthesubjectmattercannotbeoveremphasized,anditcanalmostbeacceptedasarulethat,giventherequiredlanguageproficiency,thegreaterthetranslatorsknowledgeofthesubjectmatter,thelessarduouslyunderstandingoccurs,andthemoreaccuratehis/herrepresentationinthetargetlanguage.,R,III.PoliticalConsciousness,Theenemykilledoneofourcomradesandwekilledanenemyagent.敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。Thepeasantsandworkerswerehandinglovewithoneanotherinthestruggleagainstthelandlordsandcapitalistswhoworkedhandinglovewitheachother.在反对狼狈为奸的地主和资本家的斗争中，工人和农民团结一致（或亲如手足）。,thepeasantsuprisinginthehistoryofChina“农民叛乱”or“农民起义”?,R,IV.Highly-developedsenseofresponsibility(高度的责任感)（汉英p17-18）,一是严谨、端正的工作态度。朱生豪方平翻译是坐冷板凳。二是敬业、乐业的主人公意识。,R,V.Translationtechniques(一定的翻译策略),一个译者可以不去过问翻译理论，但他决不会没有自己的翻译策略。Theuseofsimplifiedandincompletemodelsofadesigntoexploreideas,elaboraterequirements,refinespecifications,andtestfunctionality.使用简化的半成品的设计模型来调查意见、详尽要求、完善规格和测试功能。,R,Unlessyouveanaceupyoursleeve,wearedished.除非你有锦囊妙计，否则我们是输定了。（归化）除非你袖中藏有王牌，否则我们是输定了。（异化）,Thetranslatormustbequitefamiliarwiththebasictranslationtechniques.Inaddition,thetranslatormusthaveanappropriatepoliticalconsciousness.”.Etc.,Tosumup,asagoodtranslator,onehastoknowwelltheforeignlanguage,theChineselanguage,andthesubjectmatter.,R,Aboutahalfcenturyago,thelaterespectedandbelovedpremierZhouEnlai,inaninterviewwithstudentsofBeijingForeignLanguagesInstitute(nowBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity),strengthenedthe“basictraining”inthethreeessentialaspects:theenhancementofourpoliticalconsciousness,thebettermentofourcommandoftherelevantlanguages,andthebroadeningoftherangeandscopeofourgeneralknowledge.,R,VI.Practice1,(1)Healmostlosthisbusiness-hedistributesappliances.Hemanagedtogetbacktoworkslowlyandgotthingsundercontrol.*他几乎失业，经多次申请，最后设法上了班，能把事情控制住（能处理各项事务了）。他做的是推销日用品器具的生意，（有一次）几乎倒了台（垮了），（后来）又慢慢地站住了，情况好了起来。2）Holdonamoment.Letmeputyouinthepicturefirst.(makeyouknowtherealsituation)*先别急，我带你去看一下图片/我替你拍了一张照片。别急，先听我给你解释一下/我先把情况给你说一说。.,R,3）IhadtheinteriordonebythatyoungSpaniard.Itsextremelybeautiful.*年轻的司巴民达陶冶我的心灵，这真是美极了。我请了几个年轻的西班牙人做室内装潢，搞得真是漂亮极了。（Spaniard：Spanishman）4）Ifoundthatitispossibletowalkyourwaytobetterhealth,atrimmerbodyandalonglife-nomatterwhatyourage.我发现，不论你年龄多大，散步有可能使你祛病强身、矫形正体、延年益寿。,R,5）InPeking,mywifeboughtanoff-the-rackpairofpantsofacrylicfiber(acrilan晴纶)，handsomelycutandwellmade.在北京我妻子买了一条漂亮地剪裁和做得很合适的晴纶裤子。在北京，我妻子买了一条现成的丙稀晴纶纤维的裤子，剪裁漂亮，做工讲究。,R,1.普陀山挨着东海，地形狭长，全岛面积12、5平方公里，与五台、峨嵋、九华并称我国佛教四大名山。ChinaPictorial6/82期，译为：,Risingonalong,narrow12.5square-kilometerislandofftheEastChinaSea,PutuoMountain,alongwithWutai,Emei,andJiuhuaare(is)consideredChinasfourleadingBuddhistmountains.英国人SaraGrimes在一本中国导游书中写：PutuoIslandwithJiuhua,EmeiandWutaimountainsisregardedasoneofthefourholiestBuddhistmountainsinChina.,R,2.入世后，我国经济要与国际市场接轨。,a.AfterChinasaccessiontotheWTOoureconomywillbecome/isintegratedintotheworld/globalmarket.b.ChinasWTOmembershipwillbringitseconomyinlinewiththeworldmarket.c.ChinasentryintotheWTOwillintegrateitseconomyintotheworldmarket/bringitseconomyinconvergencewiththeglobalmarket.,R,更多“接轨”，“与国际接轨”bb,jointrackswiththerestoftheworldconnectourtracktotheinternationaltrackaccordwithinternationalnorms(惯例)begearedtointernationalconventionsbecompatiblewithinternationalpracticesSo,letsbearinmind:Thequalityoftranslationbyanyonecouldneverexceedthepowerofthetwolevelsofhisbilingualattainment,eveniftheoriginalisagreatwork.AChinasweakestlinkisthemeasureofitsstrength.,R,Practice2：,只准州官放火，不准百姓点灯。弄不好，就会前功尽弃。解放思想，实事求是，开拓创新，继往开来，与时俱进。要发展就要变，不变就不会发展。,R,Emancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromfacts,comingupwithnewideasinrespectoftheory,carryingforwardourcauseintothefuture,keepingpacewiththetimes.Themagistratesarefreetoburndownhouses,whilethecommonpeopleareforbiddeneventolightlamps.Ifthingsarenotproperlyhandled,ourworkwillhavebeeninvain.Developmentmeanschange;withoutchange,therecanbenodevelopment.,R,Assignments,Bilingualre