Unit8+Focus+on+Global+Warming.ppt

Unit8GlobalWarming,1,Lesson1Contents,2,Pre-readingQuestions,Whatdoyouknowaboutglobalwarming?Whatisthecauseofglobalwarming?WhatchangescouldthegreenhouseeffectcreateintheEarthsclimate?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutenvironmentalprotection?,3,TestYourKnowledge,Wheredogreenhousegasestrapenergy?Intheatmosphere.Whatisoneofthegreenhousegases?Carbondioxide.Howlonghasearthsclimatebeenchanging?Fivebillionyears.Whendidhumansstarttoaddlotsofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere?TheIndustrialRevolution.,4,TestYourKnowledge,Ofallthespeciesthathaveeverlivedontheplanet,howmuchpercenthavediedout?98%.Whyhaveplantsandanimalsbeenabletoadapttochangesinclimateinthepast?Becausepastclimatechangeoccurredslowlyenoughforplantsandanimalstoadapt.Howcanyouhelptoslowglobalwarming?Saveenergy;planttrees;recycleetc.,5,TestYourKnowledge,Wheredogreenhousegasesmainlycomefrom?Fromtheemissionofcombustionoffossilfuel.Whyshouldweprotectrainforests?Toprotectbiodiversity.Whathasledtothedestructionofcoastalhabitats?Highpopulationdensity.Whatisthefunctionofozonelayer?Topreventtheharmfulultravioletraysfromreachingtheearth.,6,BackgroundInformation,EcologyandEcosystemSymbioticRelationshipTheGreenhouseEffectRainForestsandBiodiversityTheFoodChainAnimalExtinction,PollutionAcidRainOzoneElNino,7,GlobalWarmingeffect;impactAdapt;adopt;adjustAbstract;summary;gist,18,Differentiation,Recessionvs.DepressionMostserious_arereactionstostressfullifeevents.Therewasafeelingofgloomand_intheofficewhenthenewsofthejobcutswasannounced.Intimesofsevere_companiesareoftenforcedtomakemassivejobcutsinordertosurvive.Hesufferedfromsevere_afterlosingherjob.,depressions,depression,depression,recession,19,Differentiation,Influence;effect;impactSkinisouroldestsenseorgan,andwhenitistouchedbysomeoneitcarriesastrongemotional_.Hisfirstmusicteacherwasamajor_inhislife.Inthelasttwentyyears,themobilephonehasmademoreofan_thantheinternet.Hercriticismshadthe_ofdiscouraginghimcompletely.Theprimeminister_manypolicychanges.,impact,influence,impact,effect,effected,20,Differentiation,Adapt;adopt;adjustYoucan_thebelttothesizethatyouwant.He_anoldcarenginetofithisboat.Thechildlesscouplesareencouragedto_theorphansfromtheearthquake.Thecouncilisexpectedto_thenewpolicyatitsnextmeeting.Youcan_thecolorontheTVbyturningthisknob.Iamafraidhecant_totheideaofhavingawomanashisboss.,adapted,adjust,adopt,adopt,adjust,adapt,alterormoveslightlyinordertoachievethedesiredresult,makesuitableforanewuse,21,Differentiation,Abstract;summary;gistIthinkIgotthe_ofwhatshewassaying.Theissueddissertationusuallyhavean_respectivelybeforethemainbody.Hemadea_ofhisspeechjustbeforetheend.Ihaventtimetoreadthisreport;canyougivemethe_ofit?Theblurbonthebackofthebooksaysthatitwilltouchyourheart.Iveonlyreadtheabridgementofthenovel.,gist,abstract,summary,gist,mainideaofaspeech,shortenedversionofalargerwork,22,Synonyms,perusehardcoreattestharbingertrashdecomposebreedspeculatemitigate,certifydiehardalleviaterubbishreproduceguessscrutinizedecayomen,23,Antonyms,esotericattestdecomposerecessionvulnerablemitigatetrash,aggravateboominvulnerablefamiliartreasuredisprovecompose,24,AGlobalPictureofTextI,TheauthorThemeStructure,25,Abouttheauthor,HeisaCanadianpoetborninWinnipeg,Manitobain1949.HestudiedanthropologyandhistoryofreligionsattheUniversityofManitoba.Heisanauthorofbooksinavarietyofgenrespoetry,fiction,non-fiction,andchildrensliterature.,JohnWeier,26,Theme,Thepotentialdangerofglobalwarmingdeservesourimmediateattentionandactions.,27,Structure,PartI(para.12)ThereasonwhypeoplearenowincreasinglyconcernedabouttheproblemofglobalwarmingPertII(para.37)Thecausesandeffectsofglobalwarming,anditspotentialthreattomankindPartIII(para.811)Possibleactionstocombatglobalwarming,28,Lesson2:Overview,29,Spelling,Definitionsdeclaretobetruetoguesstoreadthroughcarefullyeasilyaffectedastronginfluence/effectothertokeepaway,Wordsattestspeculateperusevulnerableimpactalternativefend,30,Spelling,ahalfoftheearthverystronglyfollowingaparticularbeliefto(causeto)decaytheactofsendingforth;dischargesth.thatindicatesorforeshadowswhatistocomeastatementsummarizingtheimportantpointsofatext,hemispherehardcoredecomposeemissionharbingerabstract,31,WhataretheseinEnglish?,二氧化碳氧化氮臭氧沼气；甲烷纬度疟疾废渣埋填地挡风玻璃昆虫媒介,carbondioxidenitrogenoxideozonemethanelatitudemalarialandfillwindshieldvector,32,Derivation,deforestattestvulnerablerevealsuncontinentatmosphereperilfertiledramatic,deforestationattestationvulnerabilityrevelation/revealersolarcontinentalatmosphericperilousfertilizedramatically,33,Synonymsadditional;morethanisusualAcompanywhichmakeshighprofitsmustpayprofitsdutytothegovernment.Thedrugcanbeharmfuliftakenin.Cf:excessive:toomuch;greaterthanwhatisnormalornecessary;extreme过分的，过度的Excessiveexercisecansometimescausehealthproblems.glacier:aslowlymovingmassorriverofice冰川；冰河continentalglacier:陆地冰川,65,SentenceHighlights,Inessence,thesegasesaretrappingexcessheatintheearthsatmosphereinmuchthesamewaythatwindshieldtrapssolarenergythatentersacar.(para.4)ParaphraseInreality,thesegasespreventsexcessheatfromescapingbackintospacejustlikethewindshieldofacarholdsheatinside.,66,SentenceHighlights,Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.(para.5)ParaphraseMuchofthepresentclimatedataappeartobeevidenceinsupportofourfears.Readingsgatheredfromglaciersrevealasteadyrecessionoftheworldscontinentalglaciers.(para.5)ParaphraseTheinformationgatheredfromglaciersshowaconstantrecedingofworldscontinentalglaciers.,67,PartII:Subdivisions,III.(Paragraph6)Thevariationofclimatechangesindifferentpartsoftheworld,IV.(Paragraph7)Threatstohumanhealthimposedbyglobalwarming,68,ComprehensionCheck,1.Accordingtosomescientists,whatwouldthechangesintheclimatebringabout?2.WhatistheIPCCspredictionabouttheresultoftheclimaticchanges?3.Whowouldsuffermostfromthesechanges?4.Howwouldtheequatorialareasbeaffectedbyaslightincreaseintemperatureandrainfall?5.Whatwouldhappentolow-lyingislandsifthesealevelrosemoderately?6.Whatwouldhottersummersresultin?7.Whatwouldhappenifthelevelsofnear-surfaceozonefromcarsandfactoriesrose?,69,LanguageWork(para.6),speculate:tothinkaboutthevariousaspectsofagivensubject;tomeditate,guess(para.6)-Wedontknowwhytheprehistoricstonecircleswerebuilt.Wecanonly.-Iwouldntliketoonthereasonsonhisresignation.UsageNotes:Speculateimpliesareasoningonthebasisofincompleteoruncertainevidenceandthereforestressestheconjecturalcharacteroftheopinionsformed.,70,LanguageWork(para.6),exceed:tobegreaterthan,asinquantityordegreeAmericaschemicalexportsaretoimportsthisyear.Accordingtothelawofthiscountry,workinghoursmustnot42hoursaweek.ThesuccessofBillGatesedalltheexpectationswhentheWindowsoperatingsystemcameintobeing.Synonyms:overshoot,overstep,surpass,71,LanguageWork(para.6),mean:averageTheyearlyrainfallis20inches.Theof5,4,10and15is8.5.fend:vi.todefendoneselffromablow,attack,orattackerTheministermanagedtooffsomeawkwardquestionsfromreporters.Hetriedtoofftheattackerwithastick.Solongasthelocalpeopleworkhardandtakeeffectivesteps,theywillagainstpoverty.,72,LanguageWork(para.7),equatorial:oftheequatorTheclimateoftheAmazonianrainforestsishotandwet.spark(off):togiveoutsparks;tostimulateoractivateSomeinterestingquestionsaredesignedtothereadersbrain.Eventhesmallestdiplomaticincidentcan(off)amajorinternationalconflict.Riots,edoffbythearrestofsevenstudentleaders,havespreadtootheruniversities.,73,LanguageWork(para.7),vector-bornediseases:diseasescarriedortransportedbyvectorwater-bornebacteria由水传染的droplet-borneH1N1flu飞沫传播的流感riverbed:groundoverwhichariverflowsbetweenbanks河床flowerbed花坛oceanbed洋底,74,LanguageWork(para.7),moderate:adj.1)averageinamount,intensity,quality,etc.;notextreme中等的，适度的aperformance不好不坏的演出2)oforhaving(usu.political)opinionsthatarenotextreme不极端的，不偏激的Thepartyleaderisanextremeleft-winger,butherdeputyismoreinherviews.3)keepingorkeptwithinlimitsthatarenotexcessive有节制的Heisadrinker.,75,LanguageWork(para.7),vulnerable:capabletobewoundedandhurt-Sheisyoungandtotemptation.-Isthereaparticulartypeofpersonthatisespeciallytopsychologicalproblems?perilous:extremelydangerous;ofperilThecountryseconomyisnowingraveperil.Theeconomyisinaperilousstate.Thejourneythroughthejunglewasperilous.,76,LanguageWork(para.7),admission:personadmittedtohospitalfortreatmentTherewasasubstantialreductioninhospitals.Ontohospital,youwillbeexaminedbyadoctor.Hesappliedfortothelocalcollege.respiratory:pertainingtorespiration/breathThelungsareorgans.Thedeathwascausedbycardiacandfailure.SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome),77,SentenceHighlights,Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethatsuchchangesintheclimatewillprobablyresultinhotterdaysandfewercooldays.(para.6)ParaphraseItisnotsurprisingthatmanyscientistsreasonoutthechangesintheclimatewillprobablycausehotterdaysandfewercooldays.,78,SentenceHighlights,Asfarashumanhealthisconcerned,thosehithardestwillprobablyberesidentsofpoorercountriesthatdonothavethefundstofendagainstchangesinclimate.(para.7)ParaphraseAstothehumanhealth,itisthoselivinginthepoorercountriesthatwillsuffermost,becausetheydonothavemoneytoprotectthemselvesfromthediseasescausedbyclimatechanges.,79,SentenceHighlights,Thewarmertemperaturesmayalsoleadtohigherlevelsofnear-surfaceozonefromcarsandfactories,respiratoryproblems.(para.7)ParaphraseThewarmertemperaturesmayalsocausetheozonenearthesurfaceoftheearthtobeathighlevels.Thisozoneismainlyemittedbythecarsandfactoriesandislikelytodoharmtotheairwebreathe;thusputtingmorepeoplewithweakrespiratorysystemsatrisk.,80,ToSumup,Matchdamageordiseasesinpara.7withclimatechangesinthefollowingtable.,Moreintenserainandhurricanes,Warmertemperatureacrosstheglobe,Anincreaseinvectordiseasessuchasmalaria,Threattothecoastlinesoflow-lyingislands,Severefloodingandmoredeathsincoastalregionsandalongriverbeds,Morehospitaladmissionsforthosewithrespiratoryproblems,Slightincreaseinheatandrain,Moderateriseinsealevel,Hottersummers,Morecasesofheartstrokeanddeaths,81,PartIII(para.811),Weshouldnotonlytakeimmediateactionstoslowdownglobalwarmingandmitigateitsimpacts,butalsointroducelong-termpolicestocombatglobalwarming.,82,ComprehensionCheck,1.Whatkindofhumanactivitycanresultinglobalwarming?2.Howtoreducetheemissionofheat-trappinggases?3.Whatelsecanwedotocombatglobalwarminginadditiontoreducedconsumptionoffossilfuelandprotectionofforests?4.Whoseeffortsdothealleviationoforsolutiontoglobalwarmingdemand?,83,LanguageWork(para.8),takeaction:tobegintoact-Ifyouhavealreadypaidtheamountshownonthisbill,youneedtakenofurtheraction.particle:verysmallpieces颗粒Thistypeofsmokecontainsmore,smallersandisthereforemorelikelytobedepositeddeepinthelungs.Thereisnotaoftruthinthestatement.通篇陈述没有一点真话。,84,LanguageWork(para.8-9),deforestation:cuttingdownthetreesWidespreadwillleadtolanderosion（水土流失）.mitigate:tomakeanunpleasantsituationoritseffectlessseriousandlessdifficulttobear.TheirextremepovertyisdslightlybythefactthatRosahasapart-timejob.Soilerosionwasdbytheplantingoftrees.Actionswillbetakentopoverty.,85,LanguageWork(para.9-10),adaptto:makefitfororchangetosuitanewpurposeShehasedherselftothenewlifethere.Howcanwethecurriculumtotheneedsofdisabledlearners?advocate:supportpubliclyHesareductioninmilitaryspending.Heartdiseasespecialistsadietlowincholesterol（胆固醇）.,86,LanguageWork(para.10),combat:tofight(against)Thepresidentemphasizedtheimportanceofinginternationalterrorism.Thegovernmentseespricecontrolsasawaytoinflation.alternative:availableasanotherpossibilityThecoalindustryshouldbeabandonedinfavourofenergysources.Herfathergavehertheofgoingontocollegeorstartingtowork.Shehadnobuttobreakthelaw.,87,LanguageWork(para.10),renewable:thatcanberenewedSun,wind,andwavesaresourcesofenergy.Yourpassportis.clear-cutting:cuttingcompletelyParkstaffclearedawaydeadtrees.Withaclearroadaheadheshiftedintohighgear.Thefloorhadbeensweptclearoflitter.,88,LanguageWork(para.11),makeadifference:haveaneffectChangingschoolsmadeabigtomylife.Thecolorwontmakearealtothedesign.part:ashareorresponsibilityinsomeactivityThisisadishonestplan,andIwantnoinit.Headmittedhisintherobbery.Savingsarebeingplannedasofahugeeconomydrive.,89,SentenceHighlights,Wecanalsodothingstomitigatetheimpactsofglobalwarmingthatreduceourvulnerabilitytoglobalwarming.(para.9)ParaphraseWecanalsotakesomemeasurestoreducetheharmcausedbyglobalwarmingandadjustourselvestowhatwillmostlikelyappearinthefuture,suchasmakinggoodplansandstrategiestoprotectourselvesfrombeinghurt.,90,SentenceHighlights,Wearealsoadvocatingpoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingvaluableforests.(para.10)ParaphraseWearealsoinsupportofthepoliciesthatwillbemadeagainsttheglobalwarmingoveralongperiod.Forinstance,weshouldencouragepeopletouseclearfuelsinplaceofgasolinefortheircars,andadopttechnologiesthatcanrenewtheenergyandbegoodtoourenvironment.Weshouldalsostopcuttingforestscompletelyforonetime.,91,Conclusion,Inthepast,wedidntunderstandtheeffectofouractions.Unknowingly,wesowedthewindandnow,literally,wearereapingthewhirlwind.Butwenolongerhavethatexcuse:nowwedorecognisetheconsequencesofourbehaviour.Nowsurely,wemustacttoreformit:individuallyandcollectively;nationallyandinternationallyorwedoomfuturegenerationstocatastrophe.DavidAttenborough,92,Lesson3:Overview,RevisionTranslationTextbookExercisesDictation,93,WordsinFocus:abundant,Thecountryhasan_supplyoffossilfuel.(a.existingoravailableinlargequantities)Thisareais_naturalresources.(a.+prep.plentiful;aboundingwith;rich)ThisareaofFrancehasan_ofsafebeachesandapleasingclimate.(n.alargequantityofsth.)Fruitandvegetablesareavailable_.(prep.+n.)Ifthings_,orifaplace_things,thereareaverylargenumberofthem.(vi.aformalword),abundant,abundantin,abundance,inabundance,abound,aboundswith,94,WordsinFocus:radiation,Thesun_bothlightandheat.(vt.tosendoutlightorheatinalldirectionsfromacentralpoint)Heatandlight_thesun.(vi.+prep.)Ifyou_anemotionorqualityorifit_you,peoplecanseeitveryclearlyinyourfaceandinyourbehaviour.(vt./vi.+prep.)Theeveningsunwarmstheoldredbrickwalltoa_glow.(a.verybright)Kathysmiledatherdaughters_face.(a.extremelyhappywithjoyshownontheface),radiates,radiatefrom,radiate,radiatesfrom,radiant,radiant,95,WordsinFocus:radiation,Theoldladyhasthevigorand_ofsomeoneyoungenoughtobehergrand-daughter.(Ugreathappinesswhichshowsinsomeonesfaceandmakeshim/herlookveryattractive)Thedimbulbofthebedsidelampcastasoft_overthechildsface.(Uaglowinglightshiningfromsth.)Thereisaclearlinkbetweenexposureto_andsomeformsofcancer.(Uaformofenergyproducedduringanuclearreactionthatisusedformakingelectricalpowerbutcanalsokillorharmhumanswhoreceivetoomuchofit),radiance,radiance,radiation,96,WordsinFocus:adapt,Manysoftwarecompanieshave_popularprograms(通用程序)tothenewoperatingsystem.(v.tochangesth.tomakeitsuitabletoorfitforaspecificuseorsituation)Wehaveto_ourplans_fitJacksonstimetable.(v./prep.)Mostbusinesseswantinsurancepoliciesthatare_changingcircumstances.(a.+prep.thatcanbeusedindifferentsituationsorfordifferentpurposes)Itisaplantwell_towarm,wetsurroundings.(a.fmlespeciallysuitableforsth.orsomeone),adapted,adapt,to,adaptableto,adapted,97,WordsinFocus:adapt,Whatwecandoistodevelopour_abilitiestodealwithdifficultsituations.(a.fmlhavingtheabilityortendencytoadapttodifferentsituations)Thecompanyspecializesinthe_ofindustrialbuildingsforhousing.(Utheprocessofchangingsth.sothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurpose)Thetelevision_ofthebest-sellerwasagreatsuccess.(Cabookorplaythathasbeenmadeintoafilm,TVprogrammeetc.),adaptation,adaptation,adaptive,98,WordReview,Daffodilsareah_ofspring.Whatisthelargestcityinthesouthernh_?Thesefactoriesarereleasingtoxicgasesintothea_.Heopenedanewspaperandbegantop_thepersonalads.Atthesel_thesundoesnotriseatallonwinterdays.Theplaneflewatanaltitudeof30,000feet.,harbinger,hemisphere,atmosphere,peruse,latitudes,99,WordReview,Thehandwritingexperta_tothegenuinenessofthesignature.Theoldfruitsandvegetablesd_quicklyintheheat.Theministerhadtof_offsomeawkwardquestionsfromreporters.HongKonggovernmenthastakensomeeffectivemeasurestom_thenegativeeffectsofinflation.Oneengineoftheplanecaughtfireands_blacksmoke.,attested,decomposed,fend,mitigate,spewed,100,E-CTranslation,Paragraph1Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelocallibraryandperusetheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,youdprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazines.25年前，如果你去当地图书馆仔细阅读期刊杂志，寻找关于全球变暖的文章，你可能只能找到核心期刊上的一点点摘要，或者只能在一些深奥的地理杂志中找到一点内容简介。,101,E-CTranslation,Paragraph2Ifwedontcurbgreenhousegasemission,thenlow-lyingnationscouldbeawashinseawater,rainanddroughtpatternsacrosstheworldwouldchange,hurricanescouldbecomemorefrequent,andElNioscouldbecomemoreintense假如我们不控制温室气体排放，那么那些低洼地区的国家就可能会被海水淹没，全球范围的雨水和干旱布局将会改变，飓风会越来越频繁，厄尔尼诺现象可能会愈演愈烈。,102,E-CTranslation,Paragraph3Whathasworriedmanypeoplenowisthatoverthepast250yearshumanshavebeenartificiallyraisingtheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.如今令许多人担心的是，在过去的250年间，人类已经人为地提高了大气中温室气体的浓度。,103,E-CTranslation,Paragraph4Inessence,thesegasesaretrappingexcessheatintheEarthsatmosphereinmuchthesamewaythatawindshieldtrapssolarenergythatentersacar.本质上来说，这些气体阻滞了大气中多余热量的散发，就如同汽车