研究生英语翻译课程培训translation 2.ppt

CulturalDifferencesandTranslationMethods,lecture2,PartICulturaldifferences,1.Wordswiththesamedenotativebutdifferentconnotativemeanings2.Thesamereferentrepresentedbydifferenttermsinthetwolanguages3.Termswithseemingsimilaritybutrealsemanticdifferences（semanticnon-correspondence）4.Termsinonelanguagethatlacksacounterpartintheother.（lexicalgap）,Wordswiththesamedenotativebutdifferentconnotativemeanings,(1)又闻子规啼，夜月愁空山。（蜀道难李白）(2)杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣，春江花朝秋月夜。（琵琶行白居易）(3)ObitheNew-comer!Ihaveheard,Iheartheeandrejoice.(totheCuckoo)(byWilliamWorthworth),“闲愁万种，无语怨东风”西厢记-theeastwindissymbolicofspring,withitsurgetoloveandmatingtoChinesepeople.“HowmanywinterdayshaveIseenhim,standingbluenosedinthesnowandeastwind!”(byCharlesDickens)小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。（天净沙秋思马致远）Itswarmwind,thewestwind,fullofbirdscries;Ineverhearthewestwindbuttearsareinmyeyes,Foritcomesfromthewestlands,theoldbrownhills.AndAprilsinthewestwind,anddaffodils.(JohnMansfield,AnEnglishwriter),“这也难说，但凡家庭之事，不是东风压了西风，就是西风压了东风。”霍译：“Itshardtotell，”shesaid.“Ineveryfamilyaffair，onesideortheotherhastowin.IfitsnottheEastWind,itstheWest.”,Thesamereferentrepresentedbydifferenttermsinthetwolanguages,红茶-blacktea白胡子-graybeard木鱼脑袋-birdbrainorpigeonbrain胆小如鼠-chickenhearted鸡皮疙瘩-gooseflesh过着牛马一样的生活-leadadogslife如雨后春笋-likemushrooms.对牛弹琴-castpearlstoswine呆若木鸡-asdumbasaduck叽叽喳喳的麻雀-astalkativeasamagpie(喜鹊),Ithinkhewasmarriedandhadalionessathome.我想他结过婚了，妻子是个母老虎。,Termswithseemingsimilaritybutrealsemanticdifference,Termswithseemingsimilaritybutrealsemanticdifference,我的邻居是一位六十多岁的老太太，隔三差五，到街头饭馆改善一次生活。但每次都是去一家私人饭馆。她说，原因不是别的，就是这家小饭馆服务态度好，总听到一声里边请。,Termswithseemingsimilaritybutrealsemanticdifference,Oneofmyneighborsisawomanoversixty.Everynowandthen,shegoesoutforamealforachange.Butshealwaysgoestooneparticulareatingplace-oneownedandrunprivately.Whenaskedwhyshestucktothatplace,sheexplainedthatitwasbecauseofthefriendlinessofthepeoplethere-theyalwaysgreetyouwithasmileandawordofwelcome.,20世纪80年代，有一姑娘号召：1.70米以下男人均为“残废”。于是全国未婚女青年纷纷揭竿而起。Inthe1980s，oneyoungladyissuedapublicpronouncementdismissingallmenundertheheightof1.70metersas“handicapped”.Itwasmetwithanavalancheofresponsesfromvirtuallyallunmarriedwomeninthenation.,Aterminonelanguagethatlacksacounterpartinanotherlanguage.,PartIITranslationmethod,1.Literaltranslationitstrivestoreproducebothinideologicalcontentandstyleoftheentireliteraryworksandretainsasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeechandsentencestructure.,1)Transliteration（音译法）WallStreet华尔街TheTimes泰晤士报Pentium奔腾（计算机微处理器）磕头,叩头Koutow,2)Explanation（释义法）对毕业生可采取“双向选择”的制度。Thetwo-waychoicesystemcanbeadoptedforcollegegraduates,whichmeansthatgraduatescouldchooseemployersandemployercouldchoosegraduates.定向招生toenrollstudentswhoarepre-assignedspecificpostsorareas安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents,难道这也是个痴丫头，又象颦儿来葬花不成?”因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓东施效颦了；不但不为新奇，而且更是可厌。”霍译：“CanthisbesomesillymaidcomeheretoburyflowerslikeFrowner?”hewondered.HewasremindedofZhuang-zisstoryofthebeautifulXi-shisuglyneighbour，whoseendeavourstoimitatethelittlefrownthatmadeXi-shicaptivatingproducedanaspectsohideousthatpeopleranfromherinterror.Therecollectionofitmadehimsmile.“ThisisimitatingtheFrownerwithavengeance，”hethought，“ifthatisreallywhatsheisdoing.Notmerelyunoriginal，butdownrightdisgusting!”,3)PictographicTranslation（图形法）H-beam工字梁O-ring环形圈U-steel槽钢V-belt三角皮带X-brace交叉支撑Y-curve叉型曲线,4)Combination（合并法）Sosubtleandcarefulanobserver一位如此精细的观察者hismendacityanddishonesty他的狡诈grimandtragicChristmas一个惨淡的圣诞节我买了六支钢笔，一共三十元，拿回家一看，都是用过的。Iboughtsixpens,altogetherthirtyyuan,tookhomeandhadalook,allused.(word-for-wordtranslation)Iboughtsixpenswhichcostmethirtyyuan.WhenItookthemhome,Ifoundtheyweresecond-hand.(literaltranslation),2Freetranslation:Bottleneck瓶颈交通狭口阻塞braintrust脑托拉斯智囊团braindrain脑排干人才外流人才流失IwonderwhetherheisaTrojanHorse.我不知道他是否是个内奸。,Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth;shethinksshecandowhatshelikes.她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲凤姐又说:“打墙也是动土,已经惊动了人,今儿乐得还去逛逛。”Whynotgothewholehog?”，Xi-fengreasoned.“Sincewevealreadyputeverybodyout,wemayaswellamuseourselvesagaintoday.”,3.Substitution（替代法）asmuteasafish噤若寒蝉Likeadrownedrat落汤鸡Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火,Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfboy,threeboysnoboy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。Tospendmoneylikewater.挥金如土Givesomebodyaninchandhewilltakeanell.得寸进尺Adropintheocean沧海一粟,Tolaughoffoneshead笑掉牙齿Toshedcrocodiletears猫哭老鼠Sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother半斤八两Talkofthedevilandhewillappear.说曹操，曹操到。Alivedogisbetterthanadeadlion.好死不如赖活。Allyoucandoistoburnyourboatsandfighttheminthehopethatonedayyo