Module-5-Introduction.ppt

Module5Cloning克隆Introductionhealwaysasksforherpermission,whateverhedoes.他总是怕老婆，因此不管干什么他总是征求她的同意。,forfearof,fearsfor,fearing,6.Ittoldthestoryofascientistwhocreatedamonsterthatresembledahugehumanbeing.它讲述的是一位科学家的故事，这位科学家创造了一个像巨人一样的怪物。,1）这是一个含有两个定语从句的复合句。2）resemblevt.像,类似Shewasnotbeautiful;shedidnotresemblehermotherinappearance.她不漂亮;她在长相上不像她的母亲。【归纳】resemble.in.在方面与相似(=besimilarto.in.),Ittoldthestoryofascientistwhocreatedamonsterthatresembledahugehumanbeing.,who定语从句，修饰scientist,that定语从句，修饰monster,【即学即练】仿写句子它讲述的是一位普通农民的故事，这位农民创造了一个像巨人一样的机器人。_,Ittoldthestoryofanordinaryfarmerwhocreatedarobotthatresembledahugehumanbeing.,7.Usingbonesfromdeadbodies，hecreatesacreaturethatresemblesahumanbeingandgivesitlife.【分析】主句是一个复合句，其中create和give为并列谓语,Usingbonesfromdeadbodies，hecreatesacreaturethatresemblesahumanbeingandgivesitlife.,现在分词作状语,定语从句，修饰creature,【想一想】本句中使用了现在分词短语作状语，动脑想一想，现在分词短语作状语表示什么含义？如何转化成状语从句？【拓展延伸】分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成，根据所在语境可以表示时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、伴随状语、方式状语等。例如：,Usingbonesfromdeadbodies，hecreatesacreaturethatresemblesahumanbeingandgivesitlife.Heusesbonesfromdeadbodies,createsacreaturewhichthatresemblesahumanbeing,andgivesitlifeIhidinthegardenandstayedtheretillmorning,terrifiedbywhatIhaddoneIhidinthegardenandstayedtheretillmorningbecauseIwasterrifiedbywhatIhaddone,【即学即练】将上面句子翻译成汉语_句型转换Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai._theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.,利用尸体上的骨头他创造了一个像人类的怪物并给了他生命。,Whentheyheardthenews,8IwishIhadnotcreatedthiscreature，IwishIwasontheothersideoftheworld，IwishIcoulddisappear！但愿我没有制造出那个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失无踪！,【分析】这是三个并列的排比句，都是wish后接宾语从句，表示一种虚拟。IwishIwerefamouslikeYaoMing.我多么希望我能像姚明一样出名啊。Iwishthatallthematterswouldhaveagoodend.我希望所有的一切会有一个好结局。IwishthemassivemudslidehadnotoccurredinGansuayearago.我多么希望一年前甘肃的泥石流没有发生。,【归纳】动词wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构如下：（1）与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式。（2）与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词。（3）表示将来没有把握或不大可能实现的愿望，用would/should/could/might+动词原形。,【即学即练】IwishI_totalkoverthiswithMr.Zhangwhenhewasherelastnight.AhadbeenableBshouldbeableChavebeenableDwereable【解析】选A。句意：我多么希望昨天晚上张先生在这里时同他讨论这件事呀！由lastnight可以看出假想的情况与过去事实相反。用虚拟语气，应用haddone，所以选A。,1.disgustv.使觉得恶心；使厌烦ButnowIhadfinished,thebeautyofthedreamvanished,andhorroranddisgustfilledmyheart.现在我已经完成了创作，但梦想中的美丽已荡然无存，恐怖和厌恶充斥着我的心灵。Iamdisgustedatthewaytheytreattheirchildren.我很反感他们这种对待孩子的方式。,【拓展】（1）bedisgustedat/with/bysb./sth.讨厌某人/事（2）in/withdisgust反感地，厌恶地toonesdisgust使某人厌恶的是（3）disgustedadj.厌恶的，厌烦的disgustingadj.令人厌烦的Tothedisgustofallofus,heisalwaysspeakingillofothersbehindthem.使我们所有人厌恶的是，他总是在背后说别人的坏话。,【即学即练】Thebadsmellofthefish_me.A.hatedB.disgustedC.disguisedD.disliked【解析】选B。句意：这条鱼难闻的气味使我作呕。hate“厌恶，讨厌”，常用人作主语；disgust“使作呕，使反感”，宾语常为人，主语为物；disguise“掩饰，伪装”；dislike“不喜欢”，主语也应为人。故B项符合题意。,2.murdern.谋杀；凶杀；vt.谋杀，杀害；糟踏，毁坏；vi.杀人，犯杀人罪【拓展】murderern.杀人犯，杀人凶手getawaywithmurder逍遥法外；(做)错事而安然无恙attemptedmurder企图谋杀,Herefusedtoadmithisguiltyofmurder他拒绝承认犯了谋杀罪。Thewomanwhowasmurderediswell-knowninthearea被谋杀的这位妇女在这个地区很有名。Thecaseoftheattemptedmurderterrifiedthelocalcitizens.这起企图谋杀案使当地市民害怕。,【即学即练】用murder及其短语的适当形式完成句子Two18-year-oldyoungmen_afamilywithfourpersonsonlyfor￥200,whichterrifiedthelocalpeople.Thiscaseisnotan_butacaseofreal_.Whoeverthe_arewillnever_.两位十八岁的青年仅仅为了200元人民币杀死了一家四口人。这件事使当地人们很恐慌。这不是一件企图谋杀案而是一件真正的谋杀案。不管杀人犯是谁，他们绝不会逍遥法外。,murdered,attemptedmurder,murder,murderers,getawaywithmurder,3refusev拒绝，回绝WhenFrankensteinrefusestocreateawifeforhim，themonstermurdersFrankensteinsbrother,hisbestfriendClerval,andfinally,FrankensteinsnewwifeElizabeth当弗兰肯斯坦拒绝为他造一个妻子后，怪物杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的兄弟，他最好的朋友克莱瓦尔，最后，还杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的新任妻子伊丽莎白。,【拓展】refusetodosth.拒绝做某事refusesb.sth.拒绝给予某人某物refusesb.todosth.拒绝为某人做某事refusesb./sb.srequest拒绝某人/某人的请求,SherefusestowatchsuchaterrifyingTVprogram她拒绝看如此恐怖的电视节目。Thegovernmentrefusedhimavisa.政府拒绝给他签证。Hisselfishnesscausedhimtorefusemyrequest.他的自私使他拒绝了我的请求。,【即学即练】(2011江苏高考)Areyoustillmadather?Notreally,butIcant_thatherremarkshurtme.A.denyB.refuseC.rejectD.decline【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：你还在生她的气吗？不了，但是不可否认她的话伤害了我。deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是“拒绝”的意思。cantdeny无法否认。故选A。,Bob_tomarryJane，andwhatsmore，heaskedforhispresentsback.ApromisedBofferedCagreedDrefused【解析】选D。句意：鲍勃拒绝娶简，更过分的是，他还要回了送给她的礼物。refuse意为“拒绝”。promise意为“答应”；offer意为“提供”；agree意为“同意”。故选D。,4.breathevi.呼吸，喘气Itbreathedhard,andmoveditsarmsandlegs.它喘着粗气，挪动着四肢。,【拓展】（1）breathn.呼吸，喘气（2）outofbreath大口大口地喘气；喘不过气来takeadeepbreath深呼吸hold/catchonesbreath屏住呼吸（因为紧张、激动等使人屏住呼吸不敢大口喘气）loseonesbreath喘不过气来draw/takebreath呼吸,歇口气,【即学即练】用以上短语完成句子。（注意时态、语态）ThenewswassounexpectedthatI_fromshock.这条意想不到的消息使我震惊地屏住了呼吸。Aftertwohourswork,westopped，satdownand_工作了两小时后,我们停下来，坐下来放松一下。,held/caughtmybreath,took/drewbreath.,He_inrunning.他跑得上气不接下气。Wecouldntreachthebank.Theharderwestruggled,themore_webecame.我们到不了河岸。我们挣扎得越厉害,越是喘不过气来。,losthisbreath,outofbreath,5.throwoneselfon.扑倒在上AtlastIthrewmyselfonthebedinmyclothes,tryingtofindafewmomentsofsleep.最后我和衣倒在床上，试图睡一会儿。,【拓展】throwup呕吐throwaway扔掉，失去，错过，白费throwdown扔下throwoff摆脱，去掉throw(.)at.（把）向扔去,【即学即练】用throw短语完成句子Hefeltsickand_allthathehadeaten.他感到恶心，把吃的都吐了出来。Allhiseffortswere_.他的一切努力全白费了。,threwup,thrownaway,Thelittleboy_lovelymonkeyswithbananas.小男孩把香蕉扔向可爱的猴子。He_hisbagangrily,_thebedandcried.他生气地扔下他的包，扑倒在床上大哭起来。,threwat,threwdown,threwhimselfon,6.Thenovelimmediatelybecameverypopularanditisgenerallyagreedthatitisoneofthebestsciencefictionstorieseverwritten.这本小说很快非常流行起来，并且人们普遍认为它是曾经写的最优秀的科幻小说之一。,【分析】(1)此句为并列句。(2)and为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。第二个分句为一个复合句。(3)it为形式主语，thatitis.为真正的主语。itisgenerallyagreedthat.意为“人们普遍认为”。everwritten为过去分词短语作后置定语。,ItisgenerallyagreedthatglobalwarmingisthebasiccauseofthefloodinThailand.人们普遍认为全球变暖是泰国洪水的根本起因。ItisgenerallyagreedthatthesuccessfullaunchofShenzhoushockedtheworldagain.人们一致认为“神舟”八号的成功发射再一次震惊了世界。,【即学即练】仿写句子这部电影很快受到了年轻人的喜爱，并且人们一致认为这是张艺谋拍摄过的最优秀的电影之一。_,ThefilmwassoonpopularwiththeyounganditisgenerallyagreedthatitisoneofthebestfilmseverfilmedbyZhangYimou.,7Whilestudyingatuniversity，hediscoversthesecretofhowtocreatelife.还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。【分析】该句是省略句，完整的句子应是Whileheisstudyingatuniversity,hediscoversthesecretofhowtocreatelife。当when,while,before,after,evenif/though,once,if等引导时间状语从句、让步状语从句和条件状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句中主语为it，且从句谓语动词中含有be动词，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，构成省略结构。,Shewontattendhisbirthdaypartyevenifinvited.即使被邀请，她也不会参加他的生日晚会。WhiletravellinginIreland,theoldmanwasmurderedatahotel.这位老人是在爱尔兰旅游期间在一家旅馆被谋杀的。【助记】巧记从句中省略省略句，真容易，主从主语须统一，从句若有itbe，照样省略不用疑，选择-ed或-ing，主动被动看仔细。,【即学即练】句型转换Whenhewasaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedhissuccesstohismother._HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingMandarin(普通话)._,Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedhissuccesstohismother.,HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenspeakingMandarin.,(2012德州高二检测)When_differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparingB.beingcomparedC.comparedD.havingcompared,【解析】选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意:当我们比较不同文化时，我们注意的仅是不同而忽略了很多相似点。状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致,且从句谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中主语和be动词构成省略结构。把该句中when从句补全应为“Whenwearecomparingdifferentcultures”。故A项正确。,8ShelookedwellandhappybutasIkissedherlips，theybecamepale，asifsheweredead她看上去健康且快乐。但是，当我亲吻她时，她双唇失色，犹如死人。【分析】asif在这里引导的从句为虚拟语气，相当于asthough。HetalkedaboutEnglandasifhewerefromLondon他谈论起英格兰好像他是从伦敦来的。,【拓展】asif后面接从句时，常常表示一种假想的情况，一般要用虚拟语气。从句中用虚拟语气一般分下列三种情况：（1）如果假想的情况与主语的愿望同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were的形式。（2）假如宾语从句中的谓语动作发生在主语的愿望之前，则从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。（3）如果宾语从句中假想的情况在主语的愿望之后发生，从句谓语动词用“would/could动词原形”的形式。,Myneighbourstreatthechildasifheweretheirownson.我的邻居们对待那个孩子就像是他们自己的孩子。【名师点津】不同的语境不同的asif/thoughasifthough引导的从句可以用虚拟语气，但如果有迹象表明或是客观实际时也可以用陈述语气。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain看这些乌云，天好像要下雨了。,【即学即练】Icouldntmovemylegs.Itwas_theywerestucktothefloor.A.asifB.sothatC.aslongasD.evenif【解析】选A。句意：我不能移动我的腿。它们好像被粘在地板上了。asif好像；sothat以便；aslongas只要；evenif即使。,.阅读理解Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone(克隆)theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies(物种).ThatsamovesimilartowhatTexasA&MUniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“NoahsArk”.,NoahsArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos(胚胎),semen（精液）andDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen（氮）.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&MsCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birds，reptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.,Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.,“Thenucleustransfer(核子移植)ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy(havingababy).Ittakesalongtimeanditsdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.,“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthatsneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoahsArk.Werebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandtheresalotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.Itsaresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”,本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和TexasA&MUniversity的NoahsArk(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。,1.Theaimof“NoahsArk”projectisto_.A.makeeffortstoclonetheendangeredpandasB.saveendangeredanimalsfromdyingoutC.collectDNAofendangeredanimalstostudyD.transferthenucleusofoneanimaltoanother【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。,2.AccordingtoDr.Kraemer,themajorproblemincloningpandaswouldbethelackof_.A.availablepandaeggsB.hostanimalsC.qualifiedresearchersD.enoughmoney【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第六段第一句话Thenucleustransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem可知选A。,3.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_.A.ChinasSuccessinCloningPandasB.TheFirstClonedPandaintheWorldC.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandasD.ChinatheNativePlaceofPandasForever【解析】选C。主旨大意题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫都没有成功，所以排除A、B两项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。,4.Fromthepassageweknowthat_.A.KraemerandhisteamhavesucceededincloningadogB.scientiststrytoimplantapandaeggintoarabbitC.KraemerwillworkwithChinesescientistsincloneresearchesD.abouttwothousandspecieswillprobablydieoutinoveracentury【解析】选D。推理判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinesescientists，所以应排除。A、C两项明显与原文不符。根据文章第三段第一句可知答案为D。,.任务型阅读根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012邢台高二检测)CrimeisaseriousprobleminBritain.1Forsomeyears,juvenilecrimehasbeenincreasing.Therearetwomainsortsofjuvenilecrime:stealingandviolence.2Thereare,Ithink,alargenumb