副词及副词词组

高中英语语法专讲,副词及副词词组AdverbandAdverbPhrase,副词的主要内容,副词的分类及位置副词的构成副词在句中的作用,副词的分类,一、时间副词1.“什么时候”的副词(when提问)now,then,soon,ago,recently（最近）,lately,later,finally,before,early,today，tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,immediately（立刻）,already,just,rightaway,since,atonce.2.“经常与否”的频度副词(howoften提问)Always,often,usually,frequently（频繁地）,continually（不断地）,sometimes,occasionally（偶尔）,seldom（很少）,hardlyever,never,3.时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：Hewenthomeyesterday.Yesterdayhewenthome.（2）而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon,recently,suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：HewenttoParisrecently.HerecentlywenttoParis.RecentlyhewenttoParis.,(3)still,already,just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：Hesjustleftforschool.他刚刚去学校。Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：Shewasstillstillwasbeautifulattheageofforty.她到了40岁仍然很美。Ialreadyhavetoldhimaboutit.我已经把情况告诉他,1.Itselevenoclock_andIm_sittinghereandchattingwithyou.Ihaventpreparedlunchformyson_.Hewillbebackfromschoolinhalfanhour.a.already,still,yetb.still,already,yetc.yet,still,alreadyd.already,yet,still2.Ireallyhavenoideawhoyouare.Inspiteofyourexplanation,I_whenandwherewemetbefore.A.stillcannotrememberB.cannotrememberstillC.cannotstillrememberD.canstillnotremember,二、地点副词,1.表示地点的副词Here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,abroad,elsewhere2.表示方位的副词Above,below,down,up,out,on,across,back,along,over,around,away,near,inside3.地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Canyouhelptocarrythistableupstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?Theboyreadquietlyoverthereallafternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书,三、方式副词,1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，一般用how来提问。许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,anxiously,badly,calmly,bravely,fluently,gratefully,suddenly,successfully,slowly,2.方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：Hereadtheletterslowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说：Welikeverymuchit.(应改为Welikeitverymuch.)但可说：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.注：若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：Helookedatmecuriously./Helookedcuriouslyatme.Helookedcuriouslyateveryonewhogotofftheplane.,Theplainclothespolicemen_whogotofftheplane.A.lookedatsuspiciouslyeverypassengerB.lookedatsuspiciouslyateverypassengerC.suspiciouslylookedateverypassengerD.lookedateverypassengersuspiciously,3.方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：Hequicklygotdressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。Heangrilytoreuptheletter.他很生气，把信撕碎了。4.有的方式副词(如bravely,cleverly,cruelly,foolishly,generously,kindly,secretly,simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：Theysecretlydecidedtoleavethetown.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。Theydecidedtoleavethetownsecretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。Heansweredthequestionsfoolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。Hefoolishlyansweredthequestions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。,Whenweheardthebadnews,wealllooked_atthemasterandfeltquite_.A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sad,五、程度副词,1.程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really等。2.程度副词的用法注意点(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much,rather等)和最高级：Housesaremuchmoreexpensivethesedays.如今的房价贵多了。,【注】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quitebetter(身体康复)这一表达。(2)有的程度副词(如quite,rather,almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly,pretty,very等)则不能修饰动词：Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly,pretty,very)Weratherlikethefilm.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly,pretty,very)(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：Itsquiteratheragoodidea./Itsaquiterathergoodidea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前：Itwasquiteratherasuccess.那事相当成功,1.LotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheis_city.A.soabeautifulB.veryabeautifulC.suchbeautifulD.quiteabeautiful2.Ifitisthebestthingtodo,itcannotbedone_soon.A.tooB.enoughC.muchD.ever,六、连接副词,1.用于连接句子或从句的连接副词（可以和并列连词搭配使用，所引导的分句并非从句）。（1）表示列举和顺序的副词：First(ly),second(ly),third(ly);next,then,finally,last,lastlyThisprojectwontwork:forastart,itsabadidea,andsecondly,ItllcosttoomuchTheytalkedaboutitforhours.Finally,theydecidedtogo.(2)表示递减和引申的副词：Also,besides,furthermore,moreover,then,inaddition,aboveallThehouseisnotbigenoughforus,andfurthermore,itistoofarfromtown.Theyateaseven-coursemeal;besides,theydrankthreebottlesofwine,Jimwenttoanswerthephone._,Harrystartedtopreparelunch.a.Howeverb.Neverthelessc.Besidesd.Meanwhile,(3)表示结果的连接性副词：Consequently,hence,so,therefore,thus,asaresultItrainedheavilyforthreedaysonend.Consequently,allthelandherewasunderthewater.Hedidntworkhard.Therefore,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.(4)表示意义转折和让步的副词:Instead,onthecontrary,anyhow,anyway,however,though,afterall,Hetakesnointerestinstudies;instead,heplaystennisallday.Wealltriedourbest;however,welostthegame./Wealltriedourbest.However,welostthegame.,2.引导分句的连接副词（名词性从句、状语从句).When,why,where,howWhyheleftsoabruptlyisnotknowntoanyofus.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Whereverheoncelivediswellpreserved.Nobodycantellwhenshewillarrive.SheaskedmewhereIwasoffto.Iwonderedhowhecouldmakesuchrapidprogressinhisstudy.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherehehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.,1.Itsnotclear_thisstorytookplace.a.whereandwhenb.whenandwherec.howandwhyd.whyandhow2.Ihavenoidea_hehasbeen.whichb.wherec.whend.that3.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.a.thereb.wherec.therewhered.wherethere,七、关系副词,1.关系副词的特点关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when,where,why：Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork.Thatsthereasonwhyhedislikesme.DoyouknowashopwhereIcanfindsandals(凉鞋)?【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。2.使用关系副词的注意点(1)how不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于theway后表示方式：他说话就是那个样子。误：Thisisthewayhowhespoke.正：Thisishowhespoke./Thisistheway(that,inwhich)hespoke.,(2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用forwhichreason)。Hedidntworkhard,forwhichreasonhedidntgetthejob.Hewillvisitthesmallvillagewhereheusedtoworkforfiveyears.(3)引导定语从句时，when的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是thereason)，但是先行词在从句中作主语、宾语时，只能用关系代词that,which.Dontforgetthetime(that)Ivetoldyou.Thisisthehouse(that)heboughtrecently.Pleasetellmethereason(that)youknow.,Theday_wehadlookedforwardtocameatlast.Thatb.whenc.whiled.as2.Thedaywillcome_wehavebeenlookingforwardtovisitingtheGreatWall.a.thatb.whenc.whiled.as,八、疑问副词,1.疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when,where,why,how等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Wheredoyoucomefrom?你是哪里人？Whenwillitbeready?这什么时候能准备好？Whywasshecrying?她刚才为什么哭？2.两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：Wheredoyouthinkhehasgone?你认为他去什么地方了？Doyouknowwhenhewillcome?你知道他什么时候来吗？上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句,3.使用疑问副词的注意点(1)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Whyarguewithhim?为什么要与跟他争吵？Whynotasktheteacher?/Whydontyouasktheteacher?为什么不问问老师呢？【注】Why或Whynot后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说whynottellmeyesterday?应改为Whydidntyoutellmeyesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)(2)有时两个疑问副词连用：Whenandwherewereyouborn?你生于何时何地？,九、句子副词,1.句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法.actually,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,fortunately,frankly,honestly,luckily,obviously,perhaps,possibly,probably,surely,undoubtedly,unexpectedly等Honestly,Ithinkyouraremistaken.Naturally,thepupilswerebehavingwellwhiletheteacherwaswiththem.Luckily,shewasinwhenIcalled.Unfortunately,weneverfoundoutthetruth.Probably,theyareathome.,2.句子副词在句中的位置句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：Obviouslyhecanttellthedifferencebetweenthem.显然他无法区别两者的不同。Iarrivedlatebutluckilythemeetinghadbeendelayed.我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearlyhedidntsayso.显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)Hedidntsaysoclearly.他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)Frankly,youarewrong.说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)Hespokefranklyabouthispastlife.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词),副词的排列顺序,1.地点副词时间副词方式副词-时间副词方式副词-地点副词-时间副词Shesangbeautifullyinthehalllastnight.2.run,go,drive+地点副词-方式副词-时间副词Hedrovetothebankhurriedlyafterlunch,1.副词在句中作修饰语（1）修饰动词Theycompletelyignoredmyviews.Ientirelyagreewithher.Iratherlikehim.(2)修饰形容词Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.Hehadanunusuallydeepvoice.Twomenwereinthestreet,oneofwhomseemedslightlyfamiliar.(3)修饰副词Shesaclevergirl,andhaslearntthenewworkveryquickly.Hedrivesextremelycarefully.(4)修饰介词和连词（well,right,just）Icantreachit;itswell(远远地)overmyhead.Theresthehouse,rightinfrontofyou.,2.副词在句中作状语（修饰性状语）表示动作、过程、状态等发生和存在的时间、地点、方式等。Recentlytheyhadanaccident.Theyrecentlyhadanaccident.Theyhadanaccidentrecently.Healwaysdrivescarefully.Wealllistenedpatiently.Thecaptaintoldthesailorstogobelow.Ireadtothebottomofthepageanddecidedtostopthere.,英语副词的句法功能,3.用作表语(地点副词和与介词同形的副词)，只能用于连系动词be后.Themeetingisover.Isanyoneupstairs?Istheradioonoroff?Heishere.Heisabroad.Heseemshere（错）Heseemsabroad.(错),3.用作宾语Itshotinhere.这里面很热。Itsnotfarfromhere.从这儿去不远。Illstayathometonight.今晚我将呆在家里。【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如here和there可与along,around,down,from,in,near,round,up等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说cometohere,gotothere等(注：fromheretothere是例外)，而表地点的副词abroad则只与介词from连用，不与其他介词连用。,4.用作宾语补足语(通常是地点副词和与介词同形的副词)Askhimin,please.请叫他进来。Wemusttrytohelphimthrough.我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。Sorrytohavekeptyouupsolate.对不起，让你这么晚不能睡觉。【注】一般说来，能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语：Hewenttoseeherbutfoundthatshewasout.他去看她，但发现她不在家。Hewenttoseeherbutfoundherout.他去看她，但发现她不在家。,5.用作定语（后置定语）Thepeopletherewereveryfriendly.那儿的人很友好。Doyouknowthepeopledownstairs?你认识楼下的人吗？Theshopsaroundareverycheap.附近商店的东西很便宜。,fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty的语法区别,(1)这几个词都可表示程度，但语气的轻重不同，大致可描述如下(后面的词比前面的语气强)：(not)fairlyquiterather/prettyvery(2)fairly多用于褒义，rather多用于贬义形容词(3)这几个词中，只有rather可以与比较级和副词too(太)连用：Itsratherwarmertoday.Thisoneisrathertoolarge.Thedresswasrathertoosmallforher.（4）fairly和very只能修饰形容词和副词，不能修饰动词。(5)修饰不可分级的形容词(如right,wrong,ready,full,empty,perfect,impossible,alone,unique等)通常只用quite，此时quite并不表示“相当”或“很”，而表示“完全”：Yourequiteright(wrong).你完全正确(错了)。Thatsquiteimpossible.那完全不可能。Thedressofthenativesisquiteunique.土著人的衣服很独特,very,much与verymuch的用法区别,三者均可表示“很”、“非常”，区别如下：1.very主要修饰形容词或副词。如：Thedictionaryisveryuseful.Hedroveveryfast.注：修饰副词too，要用much。Itismuchtooexpensive.2.much主要修饰动词.通常只用于否定句或疑问句,除非其前有very,too,so等之类的修饰语Shedoesntlikehimmuch.Doesshemuchlikehim?/Doesshelikehimmuch?误：Helikesthefilmmuch正：Helikesthefilmverymuch.单个的much(即没有修饰语)有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词，但这只限于regret,admire,prefer,appreciate等少数动词，且此时的much应置于句中，而不是句末。如：Wemuchappreciateyourinvitation.我们非常感激你的邀请。注：very有时也可修饰最高级(注意在句中的位置)。Thisistheverylowestprice.这是最低最低的价格3.verymuch是much的强调说法，从理论上说，可用much的地方，原则上也可verymuch。,Also,Too,Either,Aswell的用法区别,Also和Too用于肯定句，either用于否定句；also放在实义动词前，BE动词、助动词之后，too常置于句末；aswell与too可互换。HelikesEnglish.HistwinbrotheralsolikesEnglish.HistwinbrotherlikesEnglish,too.HistwinbrotherlikesEnglishaswell.HedoesntlikeEnglish.HistwinbrotherdoesntlikeEnglisheither.,Just与justnow的用法区别,Just“刚才”，常用于现在完成时；justnow“刚才，不久以前”，常用于一般过去式。Whatdidyoudojustnow?IhavejustfinishedmyEnglishhomework.,Muchtoo与toomuch,Muchtoo修饰形容词、副词；toomuch修饰不可数名词，也可单独作主语、宾语或表语.Thisvaseismuchtooexpensive.Toomuchhomeworkisnothelpfultochildrenshealth.Istwothousanddollarsenoughforyoutobuythiscomputer?-Ithinkitstoomuch.,1.Thepriceofthemachineis_.A.muchhighB.muchtoohighC.somewhathigherD.toohigher2.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch,Already,yet与still,Already“已经”，用于肯定句；yet“已经”用于否定句或疑问句；still“还，仍然”一般用于肯定句或疑问句.John,haveyoufinishedthatreportyet?JohnhasntfinishedthatreportyetandIaskedhimforitthreedaysago.约翰还没有写完报告，可我三天前就要他交了。Itsonly11oclockandtheyhavealreadyhadlunch.Aretheybuildinganewhotelhere?-Therearetoomanyhotelsalready.他们要在这儿建一个新饭店吗？这儿的饭店已经够多了Myneighborhitmycarlastweekandhestillhasntapologized我的邻居上周撞了我的车，可他到现在还没有道歉呢。Hesstilllivingwithhismother.他仍与母亲住在一起。,Ago与before,(1)ago从现在向前回溯，即现在的过去，因此通常与一般过去时连用；而before则从过去向前回溯，即指过去的过去，因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。Iboughtthecom