全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题理工类A级

全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 理工类A级（一）第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. That problem is secondary to the one now facing us. A) less important than B) later than C) better than D) more exciting than2. It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision. A) comment B) report C) discuss D) evaluate3. You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events. A) unfair B) strange C) terrible D) unusual4. He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once. A) confident B) relaxing C) formal D) comfortable5. He worked so hard that eventually he fell ill. A) finally B) recently C) then D) surely6. He thought it better to begin working immediately. A) recently B) at once C) early D) rapidly7. She always finds fault with everything. A) simplifies B) examines C) evaluates D) criticizes8. She has a steady income. A) sharp B) continuous C) general D) relative9., Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A) easy B) profitable C) wise D) possible10. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. A) statement B) game C) mystery D) fact11. They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail. A) praises B) writes C) imitates D) describes12. William Faulkners stories reflect his Mississippi upbringing. A) show B) cover C) visit D) appear13. According to the American Red Cross, blood and plasma donors are urgently needed after natural disasters or other catastrophes. A) typically B) desperately C) tentatively D) conceivably14. Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies. A) delay B) destroy C) decrease D) pollute15. After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict. A) foreman B) decision C) cross examination D) sentence第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive andintensive systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a nightPeople who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepersThese findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a nightHe added that“it might be a good ideafor people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm thisPrevious studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep moreFor the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problemsSleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioningKriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hoursIn an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bedAs evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake”he said23. Paragraph 2 _.24.Paragraph 4_.25. Paragraph 5_.26. Paragraph 6_.A. Keprikes research toolB. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleepC. Criticism on Kripkes reportD. A way of overcoming insomniaE. Sleep problems of long and short sleepersF. Classification of sleep problems27. To get a good nights rest，people may not need to _.28. Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to_.30. One survey showed that people who habitually _each night have a higher risk of dyingA fall asleep again B become more energetic the following dayC sleep less than 7 hoursD confirm those serious consequencesE suffer sleep problemsF sleep more than 8 hours第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. ”“In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, ” Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence. Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: “What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. ”Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem7. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. 31. Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?A Because they build their own nests. B Because they collect food. C Because their activity affects the environment. D Because they are predators. 32. As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals. B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers. D prey on species much higher up the food chain. 33. Dir Sanders study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers. B defend their resources and territory against other predators. C attack those invading animals for survival. D produce such a big impact on the environment. 34. What does paragraph 6 tell us?A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small. B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small. C Ants predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area. D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area. 35. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?C How do human activities affect ants influence on a given ecosystem?D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?第二篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.36. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A. theyre popular. B. theyre cheap. C. theyre. usefulD. theyre convenient. 37. The word detected in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A. cured. B. removed. C. discovered. D. caused. 38. The salesman retired young because A. he disliked using mobile phones. B. he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.C. he couldnt remember simple tasks.D. his employers doctor persuaded him to. 39. On the safety issue of mobile phones， the manufacturing companies A. deny the existence of mobile phone radiation. B. develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation. C. try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D. hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.40. The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people A. to buy mobile phones. B. to update regular phones.C. to use mobile phones less often.D. to stop using mobile phones. 第三篇 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicago1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math. If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3, said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident. Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the