Unit Five Love is a Fallacy.ppt

Unit5LoveisaFallacy,LiXingqiaoCollegeofInternationalExchange2.understandthestructureandgraspthemainideaofthetext;3.masterthelanguagepointsappearedintheunit;4.Tofamiliarizestudentswithbasicknowledgeoflogicalfallacies;5.helpstudentstoappreciatethehumoroftheauthor.6.conductaseriesofdiscussing,analyzing,presentingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeofthisessay.,Unit5LoveisaFallacy,CONTENTS,B,E,Lead-in,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,ExerciseJasonhasnteither;MsYanhasntprobably;sonoUFOatall.3).PostHoc牵强附会谬误：Thefallacyoffalsecausemislocatesthecauseofonephenomenoninanotherthatisonlyseeminglyrelated.Posthocmistakestemporalsequenceforcausalconnection.Dontsingthissong.Everytimeyousingthissong,thebabygetssick.Hiseyesareverybig,sohemusthavegoodeyesight.,Lead-in,4).ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提谬误：Theconclusioniscontradictorytothepremise.Thisisthemightiestswordwhichisabletoshatteranyshield,andthatisthemostindestructibleshieldwhichiscapableofenduringanystroke.5).AdMisericordiam文不对题谬误：Thefallacyofirrelevantconclusioniscommittedwhentheconclusionchangesthepointthatisatissueinthepremises.“Hewaslatetotheclasstoday.”“Becausehewasscoldedbyhismotheryesterday.”Maybeheisntqualifiedenoughforthisjob,butthinkabouthisrelationships,hisuncleisthemayor,andhisfatheristhechairmanofthecompanywhichhassteadybusinessrelationswithus.,Lead-in,6).FalseAnalogy错误类别谬误：SincewehavemooncakesintheMoonFestival,whydontwehavespringcakesintheSpringFestival?7).HypothesisContrarytoFact与事实相反的假设谬误：“Ifthegunpowderhadntbeeninvented,therewouldnthavebeensomanywarsintheworld.HowcouldyouhavepassedtheexamwhatifIhadnttoldyoutheanswerinadvance?8).PoisoningtheWell投井下毒谬误:“speakingagainsttheman”ratherthantotheissueinwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Dontlistentoanywordfromhim,forheismostshamefulcheatingaroundtheworld.,1.Whatimplicationdoesthetitlecontain?,GlobalReading,Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove.Loveisanerror,adeceptionthatdoesnotfellowtheprincipleoflove.,2.Whatsthemainideaortheplotofthestory?,Thenarratorofthestory,DobieGilles,afreshmaninalawschoolstruggledagainstPeteyBurch,hisroommatewhosegirlfriendheplannedtosteal.InordertomakePollyasuitablewifeforhimself,Dobiegaveheraseriesoflessonsonlogicalfallaciesonafewnightsdating.YetwhathehaddonebackfiredonhimwhenPollyrefutedallhisargumentsaslogicalfallaciesbeforefinallyrejectinghim,justbecauseBurchownedaraccooncoatthatallfashionablepeopleoncampuswerewearing.InfactitwasDobiehimselfwhogaveBurchtheraccooncoatfortheprivilegeofdatingthegirl.,3.Theelementsofthestory?,GlobalReading,Theme:loveisafallacy.(tobespecific,loveisanerror,adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic.Throughthestory,wecanfindthatintheaffluentsociety,girlsdonotwantbrilliant,giftedoreducatedhusbands,butwanthusbandswhoarerichandwealthyenoughtoprovideallthethingsnecessaryforkeepingupwiththeJoneseshome,clothes,cars,etc.)Protagonist:DobieGillesAntagonists:PeteyBurch,PollyEspyTone:light,humorous,satiricalPointofview:firstpersonClimax:Para147-150whenPollyrefusedtogosteadywithDobbiebecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch.,Mainidea:Loveisfallacy,itdoesntfollowlogic.,Structure,Mainidea:Thedealtochangethecaccooncoatforthegirlfriend.,Mainidea:Abriefcommentonthestory,PartII:Para.4-59,PartIII:Para.60-124,PartI:Para.1-3,PartIV:Para.125-154,Mainidea:ThetoughjobofmakingPollysmartbyteachingherlogic.,GlobalReading,DetailedReadingofPartI,1.WhatdoyouknowaboutcharlesLamb?,MainIdea?,CharlesLamb(Feb.10,1775,London,England-Dec.27,1834,Edmonton,Middlesex),Englishessayistandcritic,best-knownforhisseriesofmiscellaneous(各种各样的)EssaysofElia,butalsoamongthegreatestofEnglishletterwriters,andaperceptiveliterarycritic.,Abriefcommentonthestory.,DetailedReadingofPartI,2.WhatdoyouknowaboutThomasCarlyle?,ThomasCarlyle(4December17955February1881)wasaScottishsatiricalwriter,essayist,historianandteacherduringtheVictorianera.Hecalledeconomicsthedismalscience,wrotearticlesfortheEdinburghEncyclopedia,andbecameacontroversialsocialcommentator.,DetailedReadingofPartI,3.Whatarethecommentsmadeaboutthestory?,HecompareitwithCharlesLambsmemorable,informalessays;ThisisalsoaninformalessaythatventuresevenbeyondLambsfrontier,whichislimporflaccidorpossiblyspongy“;Itiswithoutdoubtanessay,foritdevelopsanargument;itcitesinstances;itreachesaconclusion;Theessayorstorywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma;,DetailedReadingofPartI,Languagepoints,1.enterprising:a.Showinginitiativeandwillingnesstoundertakenewprojects有事业心的,富进取心的;,practice,Someenterprisingstudentsaredesigningsoftware.Itsveryenterprisingofthemtostartupabusinesslikethat.,2.fetter:n.chainputroundthefeetofapersonoranimaltolimitmovement脚镣;v.toputchainsonaprisonershandsorfeet;torestrictsomeonesfreedom;,practice,Theprisonerwaskeptinfetters.Ihatebeingfetteredbypettyrulesandregulations.,DetailedReadingofPartI,Languagepoints,3.Limp:v.towalkslowlyandwithdifficultybecauseonelegishurtorinjured跛行;a.notstifforfirm柔软的,practice,Theinjuredfootballerlimpedslowlyoffthefield.Hisbodysuddenlywentlimpandhefelldownonthefloor.alimphandshake,alimpopposition,4.flaccid:a.softandweakinsteadoffirm,lackingvigororenergy软弱的,松弛的,不结实的,松软无力的;,practice,Thecompanysconditionworsenedfortheflaccidmanadement.Beingratherold,shesgotflaccidcheeks.,DetailedReadingofPartI,Languagepoints,5.pedantic:a.characterizedbyanarrow,oftenostentatious(炫耀的,卖弄的)concernforbooklearningandformalrules:迂腐的，学究式的;payingtoomuchattentiontorulesortosmallunimportantdetails;,practice,Readinginapedanticwaymayturnyouintoabookwormorabookcase,whichhaslongbeenopposed.Somepeoplecanbeverypedanticaboutpunctuation.,6.trauma:n.Anemotionalwoundorshockthatcreatessubstantial,lastingdamagetothepsychologicaldevelopmentofaperson创伤;,practice,Shewasgoingthroughthetraumasofdivorce.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Subsection1(Para.4-5):TheevaluationofhimselfandPetey.,Subsection2(Para.6-19):Peteysclaimtohavearaccooncoat.,Subsection3(Para.20-27):mydecisiontotakeadvantageofPeteytowinPolly.,Subsection4(Para.28-40):Myfirstroundsofprobetoweighmydecision.,Para.4-59,MainIdea?,ThedealtochangethecaccooncoatforPeteysgirlfriend.,Subsection5(Para.41-59):ThedealtoexchangethecaccooncoatforPeteysgirlfriend.,DetailedReadingofSubsection1(Para.4-5),1.HowdoesthenarratorevaluatehimselfandPetey?Whatkindofpersonalitydoesthatshow?,Dobieheapsonhimselfallthebeautifulwordsofpraisehecanthinkofcool,logical,keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute,astute,mybrainaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemistsscales,aspenetratingasascalpelforonewhoisonlyeighteen,itisnotoften.Dobiewascalm,controlled,rational,andaboveallarrogantandselfconceited.Atthesametime,thenarratortakeseveryopportunitytodowngradePetey.Hecallshim:dumb,nothingupstairs,mindless,unstable,impressionableandafaddist;,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,1.keen:a.eager;enthusiastic热切的,热心的;(offeelings,etc)intense;strong;（指感情等）强烈的,深刻的;(ofthesensesormind)sensitiveandquicktounderstand敏锐的,精明的；,practice,Sheiskeenontennis.Ihaveakeendesiretogothere.Dogshaveakeensenseofsmell.,2.perspicacious:goodatjudgingandunderstandingpeopleandsituations,insightful有洞察力的,判断力强的;,practice,Itisveryperspicaciousofyoutofindthecauseofthetroublesoquickly.Hisperspicaciousgrandfatherhadboughtthelandasaninvestment,guessingthattheremightbegoldunderground.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,3.acute:a.seriousorsevere严重的;(offeelings)strong,sharp,sensitive;敏锐的，剧烈的;(ofthemind)quicktounderstand敏锐的,精明的；,practice,Theresanacuteshortageofwater.Heisanacuteobserver.HegaveusanacuteanalysisofMiddleEasternpolitics.,4.astute:a.cleverandquickatseeinghowtogainanadvantage;shrewd精明的,机敏的,狡诈的;,practice,Billwasanastutepolitician,nervermakingamistakeinjudgingtheworldsituation.Itwasanastutemovetoselljustbeforepriceswentdown.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,5.fad:n.fashion,interest,preference,enthusiasm,etcthatisnotlikelytolast流行的时尚爱好狂热等;faddistn.,practice,Hisinterestinphotographyisonlyapassingfad.Heisoneofleadingfaddistsinouruniversity.,6.negate:v.topreventsomethingfromhavinganyeffect使不起作用或无效；todenyordisprovetheexistenceof(sb/sth)否定或否认（某人某事物）的存在;negativea.negationn.,practice,Thesefactsnegateyourtheory.Mydrinkingwasstartingtohaveanegativeeffectonmywork.Heshookhisheadinsilentnegation.,DetailedReadingofSubsection2(Para.6-19),1.HowdidPeteywantaraccooncoat?Howdidtheauthorshowushiskeendesireforit?,Hewantsaraccooncoatverymuch.Hewantsaraccooncoatsomuchthatheseemstobesick:IfoundPeteylyingonhisbedwithanexpressionofsuchdistressonhisfacethatIimmediatelydiagnosedappendicitis.Hewassoconcernedaboutitthatherepeatedlymentioned“raccoon”.VerbsusedintheseParas.showshiskeendesireforit:mumble,wail,cry,pound,leapedfromthebedandpacedtheroom,interruptedimpatiently,hedeclared.Idgiveanythingforaraccooncoat.Anything!,MainIdea?,Peteysclaimtohavearaccooncoat.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,1.shed:v.tocausetopourforth流出,渗出；spreadorsendsthout散发出；tolosebynaturalprocess,let(sth)fallorcomeoff脱落剥落；,practice,Shehadnotshedasingletearduringthefuneral.Thelampshedsoftlightonthedesk.Thetreeswerestartingtoshedtheirleaves.,2.Tobeintheswim(ofsth.):informalknowingaboutandinvolvedinwhatishappeninginaparticularsituation;tobeoutoftheswim;,practice,Beingretired,Iamquiteoutoftheswim(ofthings).Tomwastesmuchtimeandenergytobeintheswim.,DetailedReadingofSubsection3(Para.20-27),1.HowandwhydidDobiemakethedecisiontogetPetey?,DobiemadethedecisiontogetPeteythroughthedepictionofhismentalactivities:Hecansethishandsonaraccooncoat,andPeteyhadPollyhewanted.DobiemadethedecisiontogetPeteynotbecausehelovedheremotionally,butshefitstherightkindofwifeinfurtheringalawyerscareerforthefollowingqualifications:Beautifulshewas:notyetofpin-upproportionsbuthadthemakings.Graciousshewas:anerectnessofcarriage,aneaseofbearing,apoisethatindicatedthebestofbreeding,herexquisitemannersattable.Intelligentshewasnot,butIcansmartenherup.,MainIdea?,MydecisiontotakeadvantageofPeteytowinPolly,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,gear:n.setoftoothedwheelswhichfitintoanothersettotransmitpowerfromavehiclesenginetoitsroadwheelscilun齿轮传动装置,排挡；tochange/switch/shiftgears调档，换拍档,2.togetoneshandsonsth:informaltosucceedingettingsomething;,practice,Shesonlymarryinghimtogetherhandsonhismoney.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,3.covet:v.tohaveaverystrongdesiretohavesomething(espsththatbelongstosbelse)渴求，贪求，非分妄想；covetousa.,practice,NobelPrizesarecovetedbyartistsandscientists.Sheiscovetousoflearning.,4.gracious:a.(ofpersonsandbehaviour)kind,politeandgenerous,elegant,noble和善的,有礼貌的,大方的,高雅的;,practice,TheQueenthankedtheminagraciousmanner.Lindawasthemostgracious,helpful,andgenerouspersontoworkwith.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,5.tohavethemakingsofsth.:tohavethequalitiesorskillsnecessarytobesth.ortodoaparticularjob具备的素质,有条件做.,practice,Hehasthemakingsofagoodlawyer.Jasonhasthemakingsofaworld-classfootballer.,5.carrage:n.somedevicesthatcanbeusedtocarrythingsorpeople(includingvehicleswithwheels,passengercar,oranytransportingorsupportingdevices);Themannerofholdingandmovingonesheadandbody;姿态,仪态,举止,practice,Sheboughtanewbabycarriageatthesupermarket.Iwasattractedbyhergracefulcarriage.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,7.bearing:n.Amachineorstructuralpartthatsupportsanotherpartorthing支撑物,支撑装置,轴承；thewayinwhichyoumove,stand,behave,conductyourself仪态,举止;,practice,Thebearingbrokeandthemachinestopped.Alicehasthebearingofamodelwhenshewalks.,8.poise:v.toputorkeepsomethinginacarefullybalancedposition,especiallyabovesomethingelse使平衡;n.Astateofbalance,stability平衡,平衡;acalm,confident,gracefulwayofbehaving,combinedwithanabilitytocontrolyourfeelingsorreactions(优美、平稳、沉着）姿势,动作；,practice,Hepoisedthejavelininhishandbeforethrowingit.Shegracefullymovedwiththeassuredpoiseofaballetdancer.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,9.dipper:n.alargespoonwithalonghandle,usedfortakingliquidoutofacontainer舀水或汤的用具,10.sauerkraut:aGermanfoodmadefromcabbage(=aroundgreenvegetable)thathasbeenleftinsaltsothatittastessour德式泡菜,DetailedReadingofSubsection4(Para.28-40),1.WhatdoyouthinkisDobiedoingtoPetey?,DobieismisleadingPeteytohisdevisedtrickortrampbytakingtheadvantageofhisidiocy:heisleadingPeteytothebeliefthattherelationshipbetweenpollyandPeteyisnothingbutfriendstoleaveroomforhimselftogetthegirl.,MainIdea?,Myfirstroundsofprobetoweighmydecision.,DetailedReadingofSubsection4(Para.41-59),1.WhatdoyouthinkisDobiedoingtoPeteyinthissubsection?,DobieisconstantlytakingtheadvantageofPeteysidiocyanddesiretohavearaccooncoat.HefirstshowedraccooncoattoarousePeteysinterestanddesireforit,thenlethimstruugletheretomakethedifficultchoice,andfinallyleadhimtochoosetheraccooncoattobeintheswimforbyshowinghimthattherelationshipbetweenpollyandPeteyisnothingbutfriends,andhencereachedthedeal.,MainIdea?,ThedealtoexchangethecaccooncoatforPeteysgirlfriend.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,1.game:n.Wildanimals,birds,orfishhuntedforfoodorsport.为食用或娱乐而捕猎的野生动物;Thefleshoftheseanimals,eatenasfood野味;gamya.havingthestrongtasteofwildanimalsthatarehuntedforfood;,2.mince:v.Tocutorchopintoverysmall切碎，剁碎;Towalkorspeakinanaffectedmanner,tryingtoappeardelicateorrefined装腔作势地走或说,委婉地、扭捏地;,practice,Dontmincewords:saywhatyoumean.Awomanminceduptothem.Mincedmeat,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,3.stout:a.(ofaperson)ratherfat;solidlybuilt肥硕的、富态的;stronginstructureorsubstance;牢固的、结实的；determined,braveandresolute坚决的;勇敢的;,practice,Shesgrowingratherstout.Iboughtapairofstoutboots.RobinHoodwasamanwithastoutheart.,4.swivel:n.linkorjointbetweentwopartsenablingoneparttorevolvewithoutturningtheother转环,旋轴;(causesthto)turnonorasifonaswivel使在旋轴上转动;,practice,Aswivelchair;Sheswivelledherheadroundtowatchwhatwashappening.,DetailedReadingofPartII,Languagepoints,5.wax:v.torubalayerofwaxonsurfaceofsth;toshowaprogressivelylargerilluminatedarea,asthemoondoesinpassingfromnewtofull.渐满,月亮由新月到满月;Toincreasegraduallyinsize,number,strength,orintensity.变大，增加;,practice,Thefloorhasjustbeenwaxed.Themoonwaxestillitbecomesfull.Theempirebegantowaxinthe5thcentury.,6.wane:v.todecreasegraduallyinsize,amount,intensity,ordegree;decline.衰落,减小,衰退;Toexhibitadecreasingilluminatedareafromfullmoontonewmoon.（月）亏，缺,从满月到新月期;,practice,Myinterestintheproblemwaned.Themoonwillbecomefullafteritwanes.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Subsection1(Para.60):ThefirstdatewithPollyinthenatureofasurvey.,Subsection2(Para.61-96):TheteachingofSomelogicsonthenightoftheirnextdate.,Para.60-124,MainIdea?,ThetoughjobofmakingPollysmartbyteachingherlogics.,Subsection5(Para.41-59):Theteachingofotherlogicsoftheirfollowingdates.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,1.CommentonthelanguageusedbyPolly.Whateffectdoesherlanguagecreate?,ThewriterdeliberatelymakesPollyusealotofexclamatorywordslike“Gee”,“Oo”,“wow-dow”andclippedvulgarformslike“delish”,“marvy”,“terrif”,etc.tocreatetheimpressionofasimpleandratherstupidgirl.Thiscontrastsstronglywiththeboastingofthenarratorandthushelpsincreasetheforceofsatire,irony,andhumor.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Languagepoints,1.loom:v.toappearinanindistinctandoftenthreateningway隐现（常令人生畏）;ifaproblemordifficultylooms,itislikelytohappenverysoon;,practice,Suddenlyamountainloomedupinfrontofthem.Aneconomiccrisisisloomingahead.,2.havesthatonesfingertips:v.tohaveknowledgeorinformationreadyandavailabletouseveryeasily手头有某物随时可供应用;tobecompletelyfamiliarwithsth.精通某事,practice,Wehaveallthefactsandfiguresatourfingertips.Davidseemstogetthewholebusinessathisfingertips.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Languagepoints,3.wince:v.toshrinkorstartinvoluntarily,asinpainordistress畏缩,退缩;tosuddenlychangetheexpressiononyourfaceasareactiontosomethingpainfulorupsetting表示痛苦沮丧或尴尬（以不由自主的轻微面部表情);,practice,Sandrawincedasthedentiststartedtodrill.IstillwinceatthememoryofthestupidthingsIdid.,4.exasperate:v.toirritateorannoy(sb)greatly激怒,触怒,惹恼（某人);exasperationn;exasperatinga.,practice,Itexasperatedmethattheyneverkepttheirpromises.Itsexasperatingtorunforatrainandthenmissitbyhalfaminute.Stopthatnoise,hecriedoutinexasperation.,DetailedReadingofSubsection3(Para.97-124),1.HowdidDobiefeelafterthefirstnightsteaching?,Dobieisterriblyfrustrated,discouraged,andnearlyhopeless:Iwentglumlytomyroom.ForamomentIconsideredwakinghimandtellinghimthathecouldhavehisgirlback.Itseemedclearthatmyprojectwasdoomedtofailure.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.MaybesomehowIcouldfanthemintoflame.Admittedlyitwasnotaprospectfraughtwithhope,butIdecidedtogiveitonemoretry.,MainIdea?,Theteachingofotherlogicsintheirfollowingdates.,DetailedReadingofSubsection3(Para.97-124),2.Inpara.123-124,thewritermentionedthathishardlaborgotrewarded,hisjobwasdone,hehadsmartenedPollyuptobefitforhiswife.DoyouthinkPollyreallybecomesmart?,Ofcoursenot,onecantbesmartenedupbysimplylearningafewlogics.TheintensionofthewriteristoarousereadersgreaterexpectationaboutPolly,andthiscontrastssharplywithPollysrefutingandrejectionwhenDobieexpressedhisloveforPolly.Thisgreatlyhelpsincreasetheforceofsatire,irony,andhumor,especiallywhenPollyrevealedthereasonforhertochoosePeteyisbecausehesgotaraccooncoat.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Languagepoints,1.doom:n.somethingverybadthatisgoingtohappen,orthefactthatitisgoingtohappen劫数,厄运;bedoomedto,practice,Thedictatormethisdoomaftertenyearsofrule.Theprojectwasdoomedtofailure.,2.fraught:a.beingfilledwithsthorchargedwithsth充满某事物;befraughtwith,practice,Hislifehasbeenfraughtwithdifficulties.Betterpoliciesareespeciallyneededbecausetheinternationalenvironmentisfraughtwithuncertainty.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Languagepoints,3.Presson/ahead:tocontinuedoingsomething,especiallyworking,inadeterminedway;,practice,Welltalkaboutyoursuggestionlater-nowletsjustpresson.Shallwepressaheadwiththeminutesofthelastmeeting?,4.plate:n.aflatandusuallyrounddishthatyouservefoodon;(a)thinflatsheetofmetal,glass,etc（金属玻璃等的）薄板,感光、记录摄影图像的感光玻璃或金属板;aflatpieceofmetalwithwords,numbersordesignonit金属牌;,practice,Theshipwasmadeofsteelplates.Theshoeshadmetalplatesattachedtotheheels.,DetailedReadingofPartIII,Languagepoin