定语从句--lynn.ppt

定语从句复习,1.Thisisthehotelinthecity_Iknow.A.ItB.whereC.thatD.who2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady_comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose3.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,4.Whatsthenameoftheman_?A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowedD.hiscaryouborrowed,一、定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,1.Thestudents(whodontstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句:,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.,2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.主句:,ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,先行词,定语从句,先行词,定语从句,3.Ashoeshopisashopwhichsellsshoes.主句：,Ashoeshopisashop.,4.Thebookthatyouwantisonthedesk.主句:,Thebookisonthedesk.,5.Themanwhotoldusafunnystoryisinthenextroom.主句:,Themanisinthenextroom.,二、关系词的选择关系代词which，that,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where,why步骤：1.划出定语从句2.找出先行词,看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,在从句中作主、宾、定,在从句中作状语,A.关系代词,(that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。),=ofwhich/ofwhom,1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.,2)Thenoodles_Isawweredelicious.,3)Letsasktheman_isreadingthebookoverthere.,4)Thegirl_wesawyesterdayisJimssister.,5)Theforeigner_visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.,6).Thatstheman_housewasburneddown.,whose,that/which,主语,that/which,that/who,that/who/whom,who/that,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,定语,1.在先行词是指物的时候，宜用that而不用which的情况,1.当先行词是不定代词allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone等,2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰,3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰,4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰,5.当先行词既有人又有物,6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which,7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用Which/who/whom，另外一个宜用that(为避免重复使用某个词),难点一：关系代词who/whom/that和which不能互换的场合,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,Choosethebestanswers:,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,1.Sheisnolongerthegirl_sheusedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom,8.关系词在定语从句中当表语，用that,B,2.Hewasnottheman_hewasbefore.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which,C,(,),(,),2.宜用which/who/whom而不用that的情况：1).当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which，构成“介词+which（或whom）”e.g.:Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.2).引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which/who/whome.g.：Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.3).先行词本身是thate.g.：Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.4).先行词是he,people,those(指人)等指示代词时，要用whom/whoe.g.:Thosewhoareforme,putupyourhands.,1.Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.,2.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.,3.TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.,Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof_havegonebad.,Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof_arefrombigcities.,Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeof_areaboutcountrylife.,which,which,whom,固定结构：some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few，数词+of+which/whom,填入适当的介词,1.Heistheman_whomIthinkyoucandepend.,(,),on,Ithinkyoucandepend()theman.,方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,难点二：介词的选择,2.Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.,(,),with,Iamnotveryfamiliar()somereferencebooks.,3.Hemadeaholeinthewall,_whichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.,先行词是：,ahole,(,),through,hecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse()ahole.,1.Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,_wecouldnotlive.AwithoutitBwhichCwithoutwhichDthat2.Icantbelievethatrestaurant,_Ihaveeatensuchwonderfulmeals,isgoingtoclosedown.AatwhereBatwhichCwhichDinwhich,3.Thebeautifuldress_MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.AinwhichBwearingwhichCthatDwearingthat,用适当的关系词填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Sheisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.10.Themanagerin_companyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,that,that,that,whom,whose,11.Shanghaiisthecity_Iwasborn.,12.Doyouremembertheyears_helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.,inwhich,Iwasborn()thecity.,inwhich,Helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandfather()theyears.,where,when,B.关系副词（=介词+which）,where,when,why/forwhich,1.Lilywouldneverforgettheevening_shelostthering.AwhichBwhenCatwhichDwhere2.Tellmethereason_youarelate.A.whichB.whyCofwhichD/,(,),(,),3.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what4.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where,(,),),(,分析定语从句成分当主语、宾语用whichthat当状语用where=介词+whichThisisthemuseum_Ivisitedafewdaysago.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneThisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneIstheexhibition_theforeignfriendsvisitedyesterday?A.thatB.theoneC.whichD.where,先行词指地点,(,),(,),缺先行词,1.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?2.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?3.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone,B,D,C,A,分析定语从句成分当主语、宾语用whichthat当状语用when=介词+whichIstillrememberthedays_wespenttogether.whenB.whatC.thatD.inwhichIstillrememberthedays_weworkedtogether.A.whenB.whatC.thatD.forwhich,先行词指时间,(,),(,),Iwillneverforgetthethreeyears_webothspentinthelittlevillage.A.whenB.duringwhichC.whichD.inwhich,(,),分析定语从句成分当主语、宾语用whichthat当状语用why=forwhichIsthisthereason_heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？A.thatB.whatC.howD.whyIsthisthereason_hewaslateforschool？A.thatB.whichC.howD.why,先行词指原因,(,),(,),Hewaslateforschool,（）thereason,判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.,F,F,T,T,Seeyou！,以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,e.g.：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.,1.先行词是theway的定语从句：,Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.,前提条件：theway在从句中做方式状语,2.关系代词as的用法：,1.as可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.,Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.,2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以作为插入语置于主句之间。as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.,Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.,John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.,3.as常用于固定结构“so/suchas;thesameas”-像一样；和一样,Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.,Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.,ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.,注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。,SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.,Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.,比较：,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,B.非限制性定语从句形式上用逗号“，”与主句隔开.意义上是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：,that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句,why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.,在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,_youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,as,1.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he2._isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,区别：a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。,b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已