教你怎么写-topic-sentence

ParagraphWriting,ParagraphWriting,Whatisthestructureofaparagraph?,TheTopicSentence,Supportingsentences,Theconcludingsentence,Thisisthestructureofaparagraph!Generallyspeaking,thesethreedifferenttypesofsentencesplaydifferentrolesinaparagraph:,Topicsentence;Supportingsentences;Concludingsentence.,asentencetotellthereaderwhattheparagraphismainlyabout.,sentencestogivemoredetailedinformationaboutthetopicsentence.,asentencetoendaparagraphortosummarize(总结）theideas.,(主题句),(扩展句/阐述句),(结论句/结尾句),TheTopicSentence,ThecharacteristicsofatopicsentenceThepositionsofatopicsentence,TheCharacteristics,1)Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2)Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3)Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.,Examples:1)Theimportanceofreadingwidely.Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingonesreadingcomprehension.2)Fireaccidentsinbigcities.Recentyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3)Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.,Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1)Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.2)Alcoholicbeveragesshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3)TherearequiteafewunusualsuperstitionsinChinaaboutmarriage.,(general),(specific),Readthefollowingtopicsentencesandthenidentifythetopicandthecontrollingideaineachsentence,Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.,ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.,Discussion:whichofthefollowingstatementisgeneral,specificorsuitable?Group11)Americanfoodisterrible.2)AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andpackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.3)Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.,(toogeneral),(toospecific),(suitable),Group21)Manyvoterssupportedthecandidate.2)Manyvoterspassivelysupportedthecandidate.Group31)Toplayanykindofmusicalinstrument,oneneedstoknowsomethingabouttheinstrument.2)Toplayanykindofdrumrequiresagoodsenseofrhythm.,(toogeneral),(toogeneral),(suitable),(suitable),Herearesomeexamplesofsentencesthatcannotbeusedastopicsentences.Canyoufigureoutwhytheyareinappropriate?,1)MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyWheatonRiver,whichisverywide,andbecauseitisbuiltnearanunusuallysteephillcalledWheatonHill.Analysis:Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitcontainstoomanydetails.Topicsentencesaregeneral,anddetailsshouldappearlaterintheparagraph.Revised:Myhometownisfamousforseveralamazinggeographicalfeatures.,2)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmissionandtworeasonswhyotherslikecarswithmanualtransmission.Analysis:Thissentenceisnotappropriateasatopicsentencebecauseitmentionstwotopics,notjustone.Paragraphsareusuallyaboutonemainthingandsotheirtopicsentencesshouldalsobeaboutonlyonemainthing.Revised:a)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmission.OR(inadifferentparagraph):b)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplelikecarswithmanualtransmission.,3)Cloudsarewhite.AnalysisTheproblemwiththissentenceisthatitistoogeneral.Itisalsoveryboring!Wouldyouliketoreadaparagraphwiththistopicsentence?Mostpeoplewouldnot.RevisedTheshapesofcloudsaredeterminedbyvariousfactors.,DifferentPositionsOfaTopicSentence,Atthebeginningofaparagraph,Attheendofaparagraph,Inthemiddleofaparagraph,Nocleartopicsentence,Workingroupsoffourandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph!,1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)-cancer,cigarettesmokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.,3Everybridewantsherweddingtobethemostwonderfuldayofherlife.Butperfectweddingsrequirecarefulplanning,whetherthebrideandbridegroomareplanningatraditionalweddingorjustaregistryofficeceremony.Payingforthewedding,whichisalwaysaproblem,willpartlydecidethechoice.,TomstudiedforfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,Conclusion1：Howcanwegetthemainideaofaparagraph？,(1)Wecangetthemainideaofaparagraphbyfinding_，whichmayappearatthebeginningof,inthemiddleoforattheendofaparagraph;(2)Ifwecantfindatopicsentencefromtheparagraph,wellhaveto,themainideafromthewholeparagraphourselves,thetopicsentence,generalize(归纳）,.,Readthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandwriteatopicsentenceforeachparagraphinthespaceprovided.,.FamousinventorThomasEdison,forinstance,didsopoorlyinhisfirstyearsofschoolthathisteacherwarnedhisparentsthathewouldneverbeasuccessatanything.Similarly,HenryFord,thefatheroftheautoindustry,hadtroubleinschoolwithbothreadingandwriting.ButperhapsthebestexampleisAlbertEinstein,whoseparentsandteacherssuspectedthathewasretardedbecauseherespondedtoquestionssoslowlyandinastutteringvoice.Einsteinshighschoolrecordwaspoorineverythingbutmath,andhefailedhiscollegeentranceexamsthefirsttime.Evenoutofschoolthemanhadtroubleholdingajob-untilheannounc