2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 主谓一致 外研版

主谓一致【主谓一致】语法一致原则语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致。即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。使用情况例句当单数可数名词、单数代词、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式;当复数可数名词、复数代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。agirlissingingonthestage.一个女孩正在舞台上唱歌。theyhavebeentheretwice.他们去过那儿两次了。当单个不定式(短语)/动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。readingisagoodwayoflearning.阅读是一种好的学习方式。当and或both.and.连接并列主语表示两个或两个以上的人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。bothherfatherandhermotherareteachers.她的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。当不定代词either,neither,one,much,everything,somebody,anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.每个人都为运动会做好了准备。当each,each.(andeach.),every.(andevery.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。当“oneof+名词/代词复数”(表示“之一”)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。oneofthesebooksiswrittenbymyuncle.这些书中有一本是我叔叔写的。当主语后接有with,along/togetherwith,aswellas,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时，谓语动词的形式由主语的单复数形式决定。diana,togetherwithherfriends,areflyingkitesinthepark.戴安娜和她的朋友们正在公园里放风筝。当“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。anumberofgirlsareplayingtennisthere.很多女孩在那儿打网球。thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan50.我们学校男教师的人数超过了50。当“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/mostof/therestof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是复数可数名词，谓语动词则用复数形式。lotsofboysinourschoolarefondofplayingfootball.我们学校很多男孩喜欢踢足球。twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.三分之二的工作已经做完了。注意：由and连接的并列主语如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如：the writer and professor is very popular in our school.这位作家兼教授在我们学校很受欢迎。【考点训练1】1.the book _ (describe) how tea plants _ (was) grown and used to make tea.2.one of the worlds most dangerous sports _ (be) mountain climbing.3.jim together with his parents _ (be) going to travel next week.4.both tom and peter _ (like) playing ping-pong.5.if a shark doesnt have a fin,it can no longer swim and slowly _ (die).6.the mayor(市长) as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium. （ ）a.were cleaning b.are cleaningc.is cleaning d.have cleaned7.about 60 percent of the students _ from the south;the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. （ ）a.are;is b.is;isc.is;are d.are;are答案：describes were is is like dies c d意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语表达的概念。使用情况例句表示时间、距离、金钱、价格、重量、长度等的复合名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。tenyearsisalongtime.十年是一段很长的时间。集体名词(family,team,crowd,class,group等）如果表示集体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。myfamilyalllikewatchingsportsontv.我的家人都喜欢在电视上观看体育节目。politics，physics，works，theunitedstates，news,maths等词作主语时,虽以s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。mathsisdifficulttolearn.数学很难学。形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数的名词，如people,police,cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。thepolicearelookingforthetwomissingchildren.警察正在寻找那两个失踪的孩子。“the+形容词”作主语时，表示某一类人，谓语动词常用复数形式。theoldinourtownaretakengoodcareof.我们镇上的老人被照顾得很好。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,shorts等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果前面有apairof，twopairsof等量词修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与pair保持一致。thatpairofjeansistooexpensive.那条牛仔裤太贵了。“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“一家”或“夫妇”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。thesmithsareinbeijingnow.史密斯一家现在在北京。【考点训练2】用is,are填空。1.twenty dollars _ enough to buy that t-shirt.2.look! the police _ carrying the food onto the bank of the river.3.maths _ the language of science.4.this pair of glasses _ mine.5.the injured in the tsunami（海啸）_ good care of by some medical teams. （ ）a.is takenb.are being takenc.are takingd.is being taken答案：is are is is b就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与最靠近它的名词或代词一致,这种原则叫“就近一致”原则。使用情况例句在therebe句型中,be动词须与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。thereisabookandtwonotebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一本书和两本笔记本。therearetwonotebooksandabookonthedesk.桌子上有两本笔记本和一本书。由either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.but(also).,not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothesong.不仅是学生，就连老师也喜欢听这首歌。neitheryouorheiswrong.你没错，他也没错。【考点训练3】1.either you or i _ going to the teachers office after class. （ ）a.am b.is c.are d.will2.there _ a table and some chairs in the dining room. （ ）a.are b.am c.is d.were答案：a c【考题热身】1.(2017黔东南)there _ a book and four pens on the desk. （ ）a.has b.isc.are d.have2.(2017贵阳改编)we all know that one of the worlds most popular sports _ football. （ ）a.am b.is c.are d.be3.(2017长沙改编)not only my parents but also my sister _ crazy about the tv play in the name of people. （ ）a.is b.arec.am d.have been4.(2017呼和浩特)mary _ is my friend,as well as her sisters, _ chinese in china. （ ）a.that;are studying b.which;have studiedc.who;study d.who;studies5.(2017宿迁)mum,_ of my classmates _ glasses.oh,my god.you ne