2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 句子的种类 外研版

句子的种类【句子的种类】简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成，按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。【简单句的基本句型】类型例句备注例句备注主语+谓语(不及物动词)westudyhard.我们努力学习。某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语，如listento等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语ilikeapples.我喜欢苹果。宾语为代词时，要用宾格代词。主语+系动词+表语thegirliskind.这个女孩很友好。表语多为名词或形容词，系动词look,taste,smell等后面常跟形容词作表语。主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语sheboughtmeacard.她给我买了一张卡片。常见的此类动词：give,buy,show,pass等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语hemadethebabycry.他把这个婴儿弄哭了。常见的此类动词：make,keep,let,see,hear,notice等。【考点训练1】1.my younger brother is smart and i have already taught _ (he) some english.2.the orange tastes _ (good/well).3.loud music always makes me _ (want) to dance.答案：him good want【陈述句】类型用途例句肯定句肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”。theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.他们经常骑自行车去上学。否定句否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”。theywontgototheparktomorrow.他们明天不去公园。注意：否定句是在be动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，常用缩略形式，要注意人称、时态的一致。【考点训练2】1.i woke up early in the morning.（改为否定句）i _ up early in the morning.2.carrots are grown all over the world.（改为否定句）carrots _all over the world.3.they have gone to africa.（改为否定句）they _ to africa.答案：didnt wake arent grown havent gone【疑问句】类型用途句型例句一般疑问句询问一件事或情况是否属实。1.be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+表语/动词原形/分词？2.答语:yes,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词；no,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+notareyouastudent?你是学生吗？yes,iam./no,imnot.是的，我是。/不，我不是。特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问。特殊疑问词+谓语/一般疑问句？whatareyoudoing?你在做什么？iamreadingabook.我在看书。选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的情况供选择。1.一般疑问句+or+另一个选择项？2.特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项？doyoulikeenglishormath？你喜欢英语还是数学？english.英语。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简短问句”构成，表示问话者欲对陈述句部分进行证实。1.肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句？2.否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句？emilyhasbeentojapantwice,hasntshe?埃米莉去过两次日本了，对吗？no,shehasnt.不，她没去过。常见疑问词（组）及其用法疑问词用法备注who询问身份whose询问“所有者”意为“谁的”which询问特定的人或物what询问具体信息（电话号码、地址等）还可询问职业、日期when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因常用because从句来回答。how询问方式（怎样）常用来询问交通方式；答语中出现by+v.ing时，一般用how来提问。【考点训练3】1._ you ever _ to shanghai?yes,i went there last year. （ ）a.are;going b.do;goc.did;go d.have;been2._ are you going to england? to visit my uncle.he lives there with his family.（ ）a.what b.whenc.why d.how3.do you like listening to country music or rock music?_.it brings me pleasure. （ ）a.yes,i do b.no,i dontc.i like music d.country music4.david never fights with his classmates，_? （ ） a.does he b.doesnt hec.is he d.isnt he答案：dcda祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。类型结构例句肯定祈使句动词原形+其他comein,please.请进。let+宾语+动词原形+其他letsgo!我们走吧！be+表语+其他。becareful,please.请小心否定祈使句dont+动词原形+其他dontdothatagain!不要再那样做。no+名词/动名词+其他noparkinghere!这儿禁止停车！【考点训练4】1._ me the truth,or ill be angry. （ ）a.telling b.to tell c.told d.tell2._ late for school again,tim!sorry,i promise that i _. （ ）a.dont;wont b.dont be;wontc.dont be;dont d.dont;will3._ the baby cry. （ ）a.not let b.let not c.dont let d.no let答案：d bc感叹句感叹句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由what或how引导,what后以名词为中心，how后以形容词或副词为中心，句末常用感叹号。 类型结构例句what型what+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）！whatabeautifulgirlsheis!她是多么漂亮的女孩啊！what+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！whatimportantjobstheyhavedone!他们做了多么重要的工作啊！whatsweetwateritis!多么甜的水啊！how型how+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）！howbeautifulapictureitis！多么漂亮的一幅画啊！how+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！howcutethedogis!这只狗多么可爱啊！how+主语+谓语！howtimeflies!时间过得多么快啊！【考点训练5】1.the weather is very hot.（改为感叹句）_ the weather is!2.what surprising news it is!（改为同义句）_ the news is!3.how delicious the food is!（改为同义句）_ food it is!4.they are running fast.（改为感叹句）_ they are running!5.i have read a very interesting book.（改为感叹句）_ interesting book i have read!答案：how hot how surprising what delicious how fast what an there be句型there be句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”，there是引导词，没有实际意义，句中的be与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致。1.there be句型的常用结构时态结构例句一般现在时thereis/are+sb./sth.+地点状语thereisapenonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔。一般过去时therewas/were+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示过去的时间状语thereweremanypeopleinthetheaterlastnight.昨晚剧院里有很多人。一般将来时therewillbe(is/aregoingtobe)+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示将来的时间状语thereisgoingtobeabasketballmatchnextfriday.下周五将有一场篮球比赛。与情态动词连用there+情态动词+be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语theremustbesomecuteanimalsinthezoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。2.there be句型的句式变化句式变化规则例句否定句一般是在be动词（或助动词）后面加not。thereisntanywaterinthebottle.瓶子里没有水。一般疑问句一般是把be动词提前到句首。aretheremanypeopleintheparkonweekends?周末公园里有很多人吗？yes,thereare./no,therearent.是的，有。/不，没有。【考点训练6】1.is there a watermelon on the table? _. （ ）a.yes，there is b.yes，it isc.no，there is d.no，it isnt2.there _ a football match between class one and class three this afternoon. （ ）a.is going to be b.are going to bec.is going to have d.will have3.there _ some juice in the glass just now. （ ）a.is b.arec.was d.were答案：aac 【倒装句】初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对so与neither/nor引导的倒装句的辨析。结构说明例句so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。ilikereadingenglish,andsodoeshe.我喜欢读英语，他也喜欢。neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的否定情况相同。youwontgo,andneithershalli.你不去,我也不去。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装结构;意为“的确如此”。如：he is a good actor.他是个好演员。so he is.的确如此。【考点训练7】1.what language is that guy speaking? i can hardly catch a single word!_.hes from india,so i guess its hindi. （ ）a.neither i can b.neither can ic.so i can d.so can i2.i think you are different now.of course,times have changed and_. （ ）a.so have i b.so i havec.neither have i d.neither i have答案 b a【考题热身】1.(2017毕节) _ have you felt like this?three days. （ ）a.how long b.how oftenc.how much d.how many2.(2017毕节)there _ some students on the playground. （ ）a.is b.have c.has d.are3.(2017黔东南)sandy likes english best.she reads the texts every day._. （ ）a.so does jim b.so jim doesc.so jim is d.so is jim4.(2017黔东南)your mother is very busy.she hardly does morning exercises,_? （ ）a.isnt she b.does shec.doesnt she d.is she5.(2017烟台)_?she is of medium height with blue eyes. （ ）a.how is ritab.what does rita likec.what does rita look liked.how do you like rita6.(2017南京)excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?just _ going for two more blocks and youll see it. （ ）a.keep b.to keep c.keep