2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 情景交际 外研版

情景交际【情景交际】情景交际类单项填空题属于“语言功能”考核项目，考查学生的交际能力和对英美国家文化背景的了解。在解答该类题目时，要避开一些误区：一忌上词下用（如不能用“no thanks.”回答“thank you very much.”）；二忌中文思维（要充分了解英美文化）；三忌直接回绝（英美人拒绝请求或邀请时一般比较委婉）；四忌答非所问（与问话不相关的选项可排除，分清相近选项，如with pleasure.“我很乐意。”和my pleasure./its a pleasure.“不用谢;不客气。”）。要避免此类错误，我们不仅要分析语境，理解交际场合和意图，还要在平时的学习中积累常用功能意念交际项目的常用表达。部分常用表达归纳如下：1.问候类型常用表达直接问候与应答(1)howareyou？你好吗？imfine/ok,thanks/thankyou.我很好，谢谢。(2)nicetomeet/seeyou.很高兴见到你。nicetomeet/seeyou,too.我也很高兴见到你。(3)howsitgoing?/howareyoudoing?/howiseverythinggoing?/howiseverythingwithyou?/howareyougettingon?/whatsup？近来可好？prettygood./verywell./everythingisok./notbad.非常好。/一切都很好。/马马虎虎。间接问候与应答sayhi/helloto./pleasegivemyregards/bestwishesto./pleaseremembermeto.向问好。/请代我向问好。ofcourse./sure/thanks,iwill.当然。/当然/谢谢，我会的。2.感谢类型常用表达感谢(1)thanks(alot)./thankyou(very/somuch)./manythanks.（非常）感谢。(2)thanks/thankyoufor.(因)感谢你。(3)itsverykind/niceofyou.你真是太好了。(4)thanks.thatwouldbenice.谢谢，那太好了。(5)thankyouallthesame.还是得感谢你。(常用于应答别人实际上没帮上忙时)应答(1)yourewelcome./notatall./thatsallright./thatsok./dontmentionit./mypleasure./itsapleasure.不用谢。/不客气。(2)imgladyoulikeit.我很高兴你喜欢它。（常用于应答别人感谢你送的礼物时）3.道歉类型常用表达道歉sorry./imsorry./imsorryfor/that.抱歉。/我很抱歉应答thatsallright./thatsok./notatall./nevermind./itdoesntmatter./itsnothing.没关系。4.邀请类型常用表达邀请(1)will/would/can/couldyoucometo.？你能来吗？(2)wouldyouliketo.？你愿意(想要)吗？(3)mayiinviteyouto.？我可以邀请你吗？接受邀请(1)sure/yes,idlove/liketo.是的，我愿意。(2)yes.itsverykind/niceofyou.是的，你真是太好了。(3)thatwouldbenice.那太好了。拒绝邀请(1)no,thanks/thankyou.不，谢谢。(2)idlove/liketo,but.我很乐意，但是5.请求允许类型常用表达请求允许(1)may/can/couldi.？我可以吗？(2)can/could/will/wouldyouplease.？请你好吗？/你能吗？(3)wouldyoumind(not).？你介意吗？/请你不要好吗？(4)iwonderifican/could.我想知道我能否肯定应答(1)yes./sure./certainly.当然可以。(2)ofcourse,youcan.当然了，你可以的。(3)yes,doplease./goahead,please.是的，请。/请吧。(4)ok./allright.好的。(5)certainlynot./ofcoursenot./notatall.当然不介意。/一点也不介意。(常用于应答以上第3句)否定应答(1)imafraidnot.恐怕不行。(2)youdbetternot./betternot.(你)最好不要。(常用于应答以上第3句)(3)imsorry(，but)youcant.很抱歉，（但）你不能(4)imafraiditsnotallowed.恐怕这是不允许的。(5)sorry,imafraidicant.抱歉，我恐怕不行。（6）sorry,i/wewontdoitagain.抱歉，我/我们不那样做了。(常用于应答由wouldyoumindnot.?提出的请求)6.寻求帮助类型常用表达寻求帮助canyouhelpme?/canyougivemeahand?/canyoudomeafavor？你可以帮助我吗？肯定应答sure./certainly./ofcourse./noproblem./withpleasure.当然可以。/没问题。/我很乐意。否定应答sorry,imafraidicant.抱歉，我恐怕不行。7.提供帮助类型常用表达提供帮助(1)canihelpyou？我可以帮忙吗？(2)whatcanidoforyou？我能为你做些什么？(3)wouldyoulikemetohelpyou？要我帮你吗？(4)letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。肯定应答(1)yes,please.好的，请吧。(2)yes,thanks.好的，谢谢。(3)thanks.thatwouldbenice.谢谢，那太好了。否定应答(1)no,thanks/thankyou.不用，谢谢。(2)thatsveryniceofyou.buticanmanageitmyself.你真好。但是我自己能处理（应付得来）。(3)no,icandoit,butthankyouallthesame.不用，我可以自己做，但还是得感谢你。8.建议&劝告、警告&禁止类型常用表达建议&劝告(1)what/howabout.？怎么样？(2)whynot./whydontyou.？为什么不？(3)shallwe.？我们好吗？(4)lets.让我们(5)youdbetter(not).你最好（不要）(6)youshould/shouldnt.你(不)应当(7)rememberto.记得去警告&禁止(1)youmustnt.不准/禁止(2)dont.不要肯定应答(1)soundsgreat/good./goodidea./thats/itsagoodidea./allright./ok.听起来不错。/好主意。/那是个好主意。/好的。（以上常用于应答别人提出的建议）(2)whynot?为什么不呢？(3)icantwait.我等不及了。(4)ok,iwill.好的，我会的。（常用于应答以上第7句）(5)thanksforyouradvice.谢谢你的建议。否定应答sorry,iwont.对不起，我不会了。（常用于应答别人发出的警告）9.祝愿&祝贺类型适用场合常用表达祝愿&祝贺要去参加考试或比赛时goodluck(toyou)!/iwishyousuccess!祝你好运！/祝你成功！取得好成绩时congratulations!/welldone!/goodjob!恭喜你！/干得好!要去旅行或参加聚会时haveagood/great/nice/pleasanttime/trip./enjoyyourself./havefun.旅途愉快。/玩得开心。过生日时happybirthday!生日快乐！应答thanks./thankyou.谢谢！应答公共节日过春节、圣诞节等公共节日时merrychristmas!圣诞节快乐！thanks.youtoo./thesametoyou.谢谢，你也一样。10.赞美类型常用表达赞美(1)youlookniceinred.你穿红色衣服很漂亮。(2)yournewwatchiscool.你的新手表很炫。(3)thecaketastessodelicious.蛋糕太美味了。应答thanks./thankyou.谢谢。11.情感类型常用表达高兴(1)howwonderful!太棒了！(2)impleased/gladtoknow/hearthat.知道/听闻那事我很高兴。满意good!/welldone!/perfect!/thatsfine./thatsgoodenough.好！/干得好！/完美！/那很好。/那足够好了。忧虑&应答忧虑：(1)imafraiditstoohard/difficult.恐怕这个太难了。(2)iam/feelnervous.我感觉很紧张。应答：(1)comeon.youcandoit.加油。你可以的。(2)takeiteasy.别着急。(3)dontworry.不要担心。遗憾(1)imsosorry.很抱歉。(2)itsagreatpity.太遗憾了。(3)whatapity/shame!真遗憾！同情（1）imsorrytohearthat.听到这个消息我很难过。（2）thats/itstoobad.那太糟糕了。12.打算类型常用表达打算与应答(1)whatareyougoingtodotonight？今晚你打算干什么？notmuch.没什么事。(2)willyougo.？你将去吗？imafraidnot.我恐怕不去。13.观点&看法类型常用表达观点&看法(1)whatdoyouthinkof.?/howdoyoulike.?/howdoyoufeelabout.？你认为怎么样？(2)howwas.？怎么样？应答(1)great./wonderful./fantastic.很好。/很精彩。/了不起。(2)itwasgreat./theyarewonderful.它太棒了。/它们太完美了。(3)ilovethem(verymuch)./idontmindthem./icantstandthem.我（非常）喜欢它们。/我不介意它们。/我忍受不了它们。14.天气、日期类型常用表达询问天气与应答whatstheweatherliketoday?/howstheweathertoday？今天天气怎么样？itsfine/cloudy/windy/rainy/.晴天/多云/有风/下雨/询问日期与应答(1)whatdayisittoday？今天是星期几？itsmonday.星期一。(2)whatsthedatetoday？今天是几号？itsjune1st.6月1日。15.打电话类型常用表达打电话方(1)could/may/canispeakto.,please？请找接电话，好吗？(2)whosthat(speaking)？你是哪一位？(3)thisis.(speaking).我是(4)hello,isthat.(speaking)？你好，你是吗？(5)idliketospeakto.我想找(6)couldyouaskhim/hertocallmeback？您能让他/她给我回电话吗？(7)imcallingyoutotell/askyouto.我打电话给你是想告诉/要你接电话方(1)speaking,please.请讲。(2)holdon(foramoment),please.请稍等。(3)thisis.(speaking).我是(4)imsorry/afraidhe/sheisntinatthemoment/rightnow.对不起，他/她现在不在。(5)canitakeamessage？要我传个口信吗？16.就餐类型常用表达询问(1)whatwouldyoulike(tohave)？你想要(吃/喝)些什么？(2)wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink？你想吃/喝点什么吗？(3)helpyourselfto.请随便吃/喝点同意(1)idlikericeandchicken.我要米饭和鸡肉。(2)acupoftea,please.请给我一杯茶。(3)yes,somenoodles,please.是的，来点面。(4)yes,idlikeadrink.是的，我要一杯饮料。(5)justalittle,please.只要一点点。拒绝(1)no,thankyou.(ivehadenough.)不用了，谢谢。(我已经吃饱了。)(2)imfull,thankyou.我饱了，谢谢。17.购物类型常用表达寒暄语canihelpyou?/whatcanidoforyou？有什么可以帮您的吗？yes,please.好的。营业员(1)howmany/much.doyouwant？您想要多少？(2)whatkind/color/sizedoyoulike/want？你喜欢/想要什么种类/颜色/尺寸的？(3)what/howaboutthis？这个怎么样？(4)hereyouare.给你。顾客(1)iwant/wouldliketobuysome.(for.)我想（为）买一些(2)imlookingfor.我正在找(3)haveyougotanyotherkind/color/size？你们还有其他种类/颜色/尺寸的吗？(4)thatlooksnice/great.看起来不错。(5)howmuchisit?(=howmuchdoesitcost?)/howmucharethey？这个/这些多少钱？(6)can/mayitryit/themon？我能试一试吗？18.看病类型常用表达医生(1)whatsthematter/trouble(withyou)?/whatswrong(withyou)?/whatsup？你怎么了？(2)howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis？你像这样多久了？(3)theresnothingserious.不要紧/不严重。(4)youdbetterhaveagoodrest.你最好好好休息。(5)takethismedicineandstayinbedforafewdays.吃这个药并卧床休息几天。(6)youwillgetbettersoon.你会很快好起来的。病人(1)ihaveaheadache/stomachache/toothache/cold/cough/sorethroat.我头痛/胃痛/牙疼/感冒了/咳嗽/喉咙痛。(2)imnotfeelingwell./idontfeelverywell./ifeelterrible/bad.我感觉不舒服。(3)theressomethingwrongwithmy.我的不舒服。(4)ihurtmyleftleg./myleftleghurts.我的左腿受伤了。(5)icantsleepwell./ididntgetenoughsleep.我睡不好。/我睡眠不够。【考点训练】1.it is very nice of you to help me_. （ ）a.i agree b.not yetc.my pleasure d.no way2.would you like to see a movie with me tonight?_.i have to do chores. （ ）a.good luck b.lets goc.no problem d.im afraid not3.my parents will bring me to shanghai disneyland the day after tomorrow._. （ ）a.im sorry to hear thatb.its my pleasurec.best wishes to youd.have a good trip4.im sorry.i broke your tea cup._.i have another one at home. （ ）a.it doesnt matter b.youd better notc.my pleasure d.its too bad5.im very nervous the night before the big exam._.im sure you can make it. （ ）a.take it easy b.take your timec.go ahead d.enjoy yourself6.you were amazing today!well done!_. （ ）a.all right b.thank youc.not yet d.of course7.i had a pleasant winter vacation with my family in the north._.（ ）a.oh,thats nice of you.b.enjoy yourself!c.well done!d.glad to hear that.8.lets go to the movie after the test._. （ ）a.not at all b.never mindc.it doesnt matter d.good idea答案：cddaabdd【中考示例】(2017广西)sorry for being late._.( )a.thats sure. b.here you are.c.never mind. d.certainly.【解析】考查情景交际。问句句意：抱歉迟到了。a项意为“那是真的”；b项意为“给你”；c项意为“没关系”；d项意为“当然”。由语境可知c项符合题意。【考题热身】1.(2017云南)hello,is that molly speaking?_. （ ）a.youre welcome b.speaking,pleasec.this way,please d.glad to hear that2.(2017云南)_?i want to buy a pair of sports shoes. （ ）a.whats wrongb.what can i do for youc.how much is itd.what does it look like3.(2017云南)dont throw rubbish everywhere,please.building a civilized(文明的) city is our duty._. （ ）a.ok,i will b.you are jokingc.take it easy d.sorry,i wont4.(2017云南)its a little cold.would you mind closing the window?_.i will do it right away. （ ）a.forget it b.no,you cantc.not at all d.of course5.(2017武汉)how is everything going?_. （ ）a.everything is finishedb.nothing has been donec.not so bad，you knowd.not doing wrong，you see6.(2017甘肃)do you think its going to rain this afternoon?_.were just planning to have a picnic later this afternoon. （ ）a.i hope not b.i expect soc.yes，it was d.no，i wont7.(2017天津)we have won the first prize in the match!_.（ ）a.never mind. b.nice work!c.have a good trip! d.wait a moment!8.(2017荆州)its nearly lunch time.how about having some noodles and dumplings?_. （ ）a.youre welcomeb.thats rightc.thats nice of youd.that sounds good9.(2017苏州)hes too short to be a successful basketball player._.every dog has its day. （ ）a.i think so b.its hard to sayc.