2018年九年级英语上册 第四单元知识点 （新版）仁爱版

unit 4 topic1 when was it invented?.词组归纳:be（not） allowed to do sth.（没有）被允许做某事show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.把某物展示给某人看be made by sb.被（某人）制作be made of用制造的(可看出原材料)be made from用制造的(不可看出原材料)be made in在.（地点）制造be made into被制成.send sth. to sp. 、sb.发送某物给某人某地realize=make come true实 现 spend sometime/some money （in）doing sth.花费时间金钱 做某事spend sometime/some money on sth.在。上花费时间金钱some knowledge about sth.一些关于.的知识8.be used to do sth =be used for doing sth.被用做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used as某物被用作./被作为。使用9.it is said that据说10.during ones life在某人的一生中11.go this way走这边12.make tents搭帐篷13.come about产生15.a few simple steps一点简单的步骤16.be discouraged by被阻挡17.brainstorm for ideas集思广益18.make a detailed drawing画下具体的图画19.share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物21.the rest of the time剩余的时间22.a man-made satellite一颗人造卫星23.the shape of the earth地球的形状重点句子:1.the radio was invented by guglielmo marconi in 1895.收音机是在 1895 年马可尼发明的.2.when was the digital camera developed?数码相机是什么时候研发的？it was developed in the 1970s.它发展于 20 世纪 70 年代.3.where was it developed?它在哪发展的？it was developed in japan.它在日本得以发展.4.what is a rocket used for?火箭被用来做什么？it is used for sending satellites or spaceships into space.它被用作发射卫星或宇宙飞船到太空.5.i wish i could go into space some day.我希望有一天我能去太空.6.i hope your dream will come true.我希望你梦想成真.7.its said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life.据说他一生中发明了两千多项东西.8.inventing is interesting and exciting and everyone can be an inventor.发明是有趣且激动人心的，每个人都能成为发明家. 语法 (被动语态)构成法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词our classroom is cleaned every day.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词a new shop was built last year.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will/shall+ be + 及物动词的过去分词a new hospital will be built in our city.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词young trees must be watered often.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词eg ： they are planting trees over there. trees are being planted over there bythem.7.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词there are two books to be read. there are twenty more trees to be planted.注意事项：不及物动词无被动语态.2.感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带 to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上 to 。 感官动词有 smell, sound, taste, fell 等。使役动词有 let, make,have, help, hear, see, watch, notice, look, listen.eg：a girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. my wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.3.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介 词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。eg：he gave me a book.a book was given to me by him.get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。eg： the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。how did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了unit 4 topic 2 im excited about the things that will be discovered in the future.一、短语will be shown将上映life in space太空生活sound exciting听起来令人激动travel by spaceship乘宇宙飞船旅行live on mars住在火星上under the sea在海底be displayed on soft screens被展示在软显示屏上see sth. with ones own eyes亲眼目睹。hear the news on tv听到电视里的新闻take part in=join in参加（活动，比赛，游戏)grow up长大master some basic skills掌握一些基本的技能perform ballet on the stage在舞台上表演芭蕾prefer a to b比起 b 更喜欢 aby chance偶然in the universe在宇宙中be named after。被以。命名53% as wide as宽的 53%two-fifths as strong as五分之二的强at a distance of 以。的距离in the night sky在夜空中be covered by 。被覆盖between.and.在.和之间it takes some time to do sth.去做某事花费了多少时间search for sb./sth.寻找某人或某物search sb./sth/sp.搜查某人/某物/某地dry fruits风干水果it has been+time+since+句子自从做某事已经过去多久了land on登陆go well进展顺利living conditions生活条件whats worse更糟的是water supplies水供给limit the use of water限制用水量every six weeks每六周another seven hundred days另外 700 天be worth doing sth.值得做某事the solar system太阳系send a message发消息in outer space在外太空二. 重点句型we will be able to do anything that can be done on the earth.我们将能做任何可以在地球上做的事情。i wont believe there are aliens until i see them with my own eyes.直到我亲眼看见才相信有外星人存在。mars is named after mars, the roman god of war.火星是以罗马战神的名字命名。mars diameter is 53% as wide as that of the earth.火星的直径是地球的 53%宽。mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.火星在相距 228,000,000 千米的距离围绕太阳运行。a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on mars.一个在地球上重 90 千克的人在火星上重 36 千克。it took a spaceship about eight months to reach mars from the earth.从火星到地球花费宇宙飞船大约八个月的时间。三、语法：一般将来时被动语态基本形式： 一般将来时的被动语态表示“将要被”1.will / shall + be + done2.be going to + be + done构成： 学习一般将来时的被动语态，首先应掌握其各种结构形式。1肯定式 will（shall）be动词的过去分词2.否定式 will（shall）notbe动词的过去分词3.疑问式 will（shall）主语be动词的过去分词？ 现在，请看实例：肯定句：a new stadium will be put up here否定句：a new stadium will not（wont）be put up here疑问句及简略回答：will a new stadium be put up here ？yes，it willno，it wont特殊疑问句及回答：what will be put up here ？a new stadium1肯定式 be going tobe动词的过去分词2.否定式 benot+going tobe动词的过去分词3.疑问式 be主语+going tobe动词的过去分词？ 简略回答 yes，主语beno，主语be+ not现在，请看实例：肯定句:a lot of athletes are going to be invited to beijing否定句：but those who have used illegal drugs are not going to be invited（但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。）疑问句及简略回答：are some world-famous singers going to be invited ？yes， they are特殊疑问句及回答：who else is going to be invited ？some judges and sportsofficials.unit 4 topic3china is the third nation that sent a person into space.一. 重点词组归纳in the science museum在科学博物馆the national hero民族英雄sendinto将。送入be proud of为。感到自豪in the past few years在过去的几年中prove 的两种用法：prove + that 从句“证明。”； prove to “向。证实”make great progress取得很大的进步launch another four spaceships又发射了四艘宇宙飞船realize your dream = make your dream come true实现你的梦想step into the space age步入太空时代a landmark of chinas space industry中国太空业的里程碑set foot on the moon在月球上留下足迹take part in the space flight参加了太空飞行along with sb.和某人一起have a spacewalk进行一次太空漫步land on the lunar surface登陆在月球表面some recent developments一些最近的进展use electronic controls使用电子操纵系统know little about sth.对某事几乎不了解master computer technology掌握电脑技术advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事make computers serve us better使得电脑更好地为我们服务thanks for your introduction谢谢你的介绍explain to sb.向某人解释as well as 。也；和。一样也。make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心做某事add to把。加到。dried food脱水食物look at stars through telescopes通过望远镜看星星spend some time (in) doing sth.花一段时间做某事return to the earth safely安全地返回地球control the speed and direction of the spaceship控制飞船的速度和方向in many areas of work and leisure在工作和休闲的许多领域there is no doubt that毫无疑问地with the help of computers在电脑的帮助下solve problems解决问题keep the hearts beating normally保持心脏正常地跳动be dangerous to sb.对某人是危险的place and cancel orders订购和取消订单come into being形成personal computers个人电脑do business at home在家做生意write letters on paper在纸上写信chat online网络聊天improve our lives改善我们的生活for instance例如work on computers too long在电脑上工作太长时间get headaches头痛get sore eyes眼睛痛play computer games too much过度玩电脑游戏know / say for certain确切地知道/肯定地说 二. 重点句型1.what a large crowd!这么多人！2.along with his partner, buzz aldrin, armstrong had a spacewalk.（语法：句子主语仍然只是 armstrong，不受词组 along with 的影响。）3.since the internet came into being, peoples lives at home have been changed, too.（语法：since 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。）4.not everything we read on the internet is true or good for us.我们在因特网上所读到的一切对我们来说并非都是真实或有益的。（语法：部分否定）5.besides：副词，“而且，还有”。如：i dont really want to go. besides, its too late now.介词，“除。之外”，表示都在范围之内。如：besides english, we study manyother subjects.except：介词，“除。之外”，强调所排除的不在范围之内。如：they all went there except tom.三. 语法：定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。从句放在所修