2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit12CultureShock练习北师大版.docx

Unit 12 Culture Shock课时练12篇阅读1篇完形.阅读理解A(2020洛阳第二次统考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。1Whats the function of food mentioned in the text?ATo help motivate homesickness.BTo show national identity.CTo reflect a countrys history.DTo show a communitys superiority.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。2What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe specific traditional food.BThe national culture.CA traditional expression of food.DThe oldfashioned taste.A解析：代词指代题。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。3Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?ATo attach cultural importance to their dishes.BTo announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.CTo make the dishes popular among customers.DTo present their own food culture in a new way.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，还卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不对传统的菜肴做一些小小的改变。4Whats the authors attitude towards different food cultures?ANegative.BBalanced.CUnfair. DUnchangeable.B解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。B(2020河南六市高三联考)Traveling to a foreign country can make you frightened if you dont know the local language. Mr. Thibault has a number of tips to help travelers manage in a destination when they dont speak the native tongue, based on his own experience. Here are a few of them.Download a Language Translation AppMr. Thibault tends to rely on Google Translate and suggests that travelers find an app that works for them. Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set youre not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.Speak with Your Hands and HeadPointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country youre in. “Gestures are all universally understood，” he said.Learn a Few Key WordsKnowing basic words and phrases like “hello”， “thank you” and “Im sorry. I dont speak your language. Do you speak English？” is a must, Mr. Thibault said. Showing that you care enough to learn some of the language before you go, and at least enough to acknowledge that you dont know more, is a form of respect and will go a long way to be liked by locals.Work with a Local Travel AgentIf you feel particularly uncomfortable in the country youre headed to, and you have to go anyway, relying on a local travel agent who knows both your and your destinations languages can be incredibly useful.Hire a Local Tour GuideA tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with. Whenever Mr. Thibault visits a new country, he books a sightseeing tour with a guide on the first day of his trip. “I use this day to learn about my destination and get familiar with the language，” he said.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件、使用肢体语言、出发前学习关键词、利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。5In what situation should a language translation app be applied while traveling abroad?AWhen you have trouble pronouncing the words.BWhen you want to acknowledge your ignorance.CWhen you want to practice the local language.DWhen you feel uncomfortable in the country.A解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“a language translation app”定位至第二段，根据该段第二句“Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set youre not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.”可知，在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正确。6What is the easiest way to communicate with foreigners according to the text?ADownloading a language translation app.BLearning a few key words.CUsing body language.DWorking with a guide.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country youre in.”可知，使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方式，故C项正确。7How can you better understand the local language?ABy speaking with your hands and head.BBy learning a few key words.CBy downloading a language translation app.DBy hiring a local tour guide.D解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语言，而且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人选，故D项正确。.完形填空(2020重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were _1_ from the branches of the trees, which _2_ with the wind attracting local villagers to _3_ them at this time of year.The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and _4_ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their _5_， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really _6_ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of _7_， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high _8_Still, to many peoples _9_， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, _10_ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones _11_ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck _12_The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them _13_ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, _14_ and bumpy(不平的), to go, _15_ the small ones would jump to the _16_ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man _17_：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) _18_ result.”There will always be people who get _19_ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be _20_ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者世上无难事，只怕有心人。1A.holdingBfillingCplanting DhangingD解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。2A.fell BshookCjumped DfoldedB解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。3A.enjoy BviewCseek DpickD解析：参见上题解析。4A.poured BtookCthought DfiguredA解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。5A.shape BsizeCtaste DcolorB解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the _ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。6A.mattered BcaredCinterested DmindedA解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。7A.hands BpowerCexperience DwaysA解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。8A.quality BquantityCmoney DsalaryD解析：参见上题解析。9A.puzzlement BreliefCastonishment DdelightA解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。10A.only if Bas ifCeven if Dif onlyC解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。11A.which BwhereCwhom DwhoB解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。12A.full BfilledCempty DloadedC解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。13A.suddenly BshortlyCdirectly DhurriedlyC解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。14A.tough BroughCregular DsmoothB解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。15A.even BorCbut DsoD解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。16A.hole BtipCmiddle DbottomD解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。17A.sighed BexcitedCsmiled DsneezedC解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。18A.unexpected BnecessaryCaccidental DdeliberateB解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。19A.stricken BsatisfiedCupset DsurprisedC解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。20A.sensitive BaccessibleCrelative DflexibleA解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。课时练22篇阅读1篇读后续写.阅读理解A(2020广东清远高三质检)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally.”In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, its considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。1What do we know about PM 2.5?AIt has a bad effect on human health.BIt will be controlled in the future.CIt mainly comes from industrial emissions.DIt spreads to the world from Asian countries.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。2What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?AThey collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.BThey employed the research data to calculate the effect.CThey studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.DThey measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。3What can be inferred from the text?AThe key to people living longer is good air quality.BPeople think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.CApte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.DFactories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.C解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer LifespanBThe Importance of Getting Rid of Air PollutionCAsian People Are Suffering from Serious Air PollutionDAir Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One YearD解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。B(2020南昌重点中学段考)Learning New Vocabulary During Deep SleepSleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time.This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, eg. for learning a new language. Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wakelearned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds(嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wakelearned information, then firstplay, i. e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep.The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells active states, the socalled “Upstates”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Upstate” and the inactive state “Downstate”. The two states alternate(交替) about every halfsecond.New evidence for sleeplearning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated(被概括的) mental state, in which we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, cofirstauthor. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years，” says Katharina Henke.The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation(IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition.【解题导语】文章通过一项研究论证了在深度睡眠中学习新词汇的可能性。5What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A“Upstate” and“Downstate” appear in turn during deep sleep.B“Upstates” is another name for the brain cells active states.CSemantic associations are important for language learning.DThe brain cells active states are central for sleeplearning.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“The research group of Kath