通信专业英语PPT课件

.,1,通信与电子信息工程专业英语,EnglishforCommunicationandElectronicInformationEngineering,.,2,学习本课程的目的掌握专业英文的阅读、翻译、写作的基本方法；学习、积累英文专业词汇；了解专业领域的一些技术、知识。,本课程的主要内容专业英语基础知识精选专业文献的阅读、讲解及翻译练习专业文献(摘要)的写作练习,学习本课程的主要方式课前预习课堂讲解重点难点课后练习课堂练习、小测,.,3,建议准备笔记本准备英汉专业词典,要求独立完成作业遵守课堂纪律,.,4,Lesson0科技英语基础知识TheBasicKnowledgeofScientificandTechnicalEnglish,.,5,Lesson0科技英语基础知识TheBasicKnowledge,0.1科技英语的特点features0.2专业英文翻译概述Translation0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法TranslationMethods0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions0.6关于图、表FiguresandTables0.7专业英文的写作Writing,.,6,科技英语与普通英语相比有自己的特点:,常包含一些数据、公式、符号、图表、程序等,语言简练、结构严谨、表达明确、概念清晰,语法上特点：常用一般现在时时态；复杂长句多；被动语态多；（“被”、“经过”、“受了”、“由于”）非谓语动词多；（动名词、分词、不定式）非人称语气，常用It作主语；条件句多，常用If语句。,0.1科技英语的特点features,.,7,词汇的特点：大量使用专业词汇、转意词汇；较多使用词性转换adjn,nv,等等；较多使用词缀、词根，甚至用词缀词根创造新词；大量使用专业缩写词；新专业词汇、缩写词不断出现。,科技英语与普通英语相比有自己的特点:,0.1科技英语的特点features,coden.码v.编码variableadj.可变的，易变的n.变量multipleadj.多样的n.倍数theleastcommon,合成词：multimeter万用表，interface接口、界面code-decodecodec编解码coder-decodercodec编解码器modulator-demolatormodem调制解调器Interactive-networkinternet互联网、因特网transmitter-receivertransceiver收发器,GSM,GPRS,CDMA,GPS,CPU,USB,LCD,.,8,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.1长句Longsentences,有两种方法简化长句，以正确把握长句句意,依据关键词简化词组。,e.g.Theratioofthecapacitancewithsomematerialotherthanairbetweentheplates,tothecapacitanceofthesamecapacitorwithairinsulation,iscalledthedielectricconstantofthatparticularmaterial.,ratioiscalledconstant,依据谓语动词把复合句分解成一组简单句。,theratioofAtoB：A与B的比率Insulation绝缘，insulated，insulatingdielectricconstant介电常数,.,9,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.1长句Longsentences,e.g.Thiselectronbeamsweepsacrosseachlineatauniformrate，thenfliesbacktoscananotherlinedirectlybelowthepreviousoneandsoon，untilthehorizontallinesintowhichitisdesiredtobreakorsplitthepicturehavebeenscannedinthedesiredsequence,electronbeam电子束atauniformrate以均匀的速率scan扫描horizontallines水平行线inthedesiredsequence按希望的顺序,.,10,e.g.Fordirectcurrentandlow-frequencyalternatingcurrent(uptoafewthousandcyclespersecond)theresistanceisreverselyproportionaltothecross-sectionalareaofthepaththecurrentmusttravel;thatis,giventwoconductorsofthesamematerialandhavingsamelength,butdifferingincrossing-sectionalarea,theonewithlargerareawillhavethelowerresistance.,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.1长句Longsentences,resistanceisreverselyproportionaltoarea,thatis,onewillhavethelowerresistance.,A与B成(正/反)比例(directly)Abe(reversely)proportionaltoB(inversely)(direct)Abein(reverse)proportion/ratiotoB(inverse)(reciprocal)Theyareinaratioof3to7.它们之间比率为3比7。,.,11,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.1长句Longsentences,e.g.Theseinexpensiveandrelativelyfastdigitalcircuitshavemadeitpossibletoconstructhighlysophisticateddigitalsystemsthatarecapableofperformingcomplexdigitalsignalprocessingfunctionsandtasks,whichareusuallytoodifficultand/ortooexpensivetobeperformedbyanalogcircuitryoranalogsignalprocessingsystems.,主干：digitalcircuitshavemadeitpossibletoconstructdigitalsystemsthat引导的定语从句修饰digitalsystemswhich引导的定语从句修饰functionsandtasks,.,12,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,普通词汇Commonvocabularies,0.1科技英语的特点features,专业词汇Specialityvocabularies,大部分是名词、名词词组，少量形容词，词意单一，用法简单。,.,13,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,专业词汇Specialityvocabularies,0.1科技英语的特点features,electronic电子的mail（Email）electric电的voltage，current，resistanceelectrical电气的engineer，property,electro-电-electromagneticwave，electrodynamic,electrode电极anode阳极、正极cathode阴极、负极,positive阳性的、正的、正数negative阴性的、负的、负数,.,14,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,0.1科技英语的特点features,diode二极管triode三极(真空)管,oscillator振荡器oscilloscope示波器oscillo-波动,radio无线电、收音机radar雷达laser激光,Ohmslaw欧姆定律,amplifier放大器,transistor晶体管、三极管field-effecttransistor场效应晶体管（FET）,专业词汇Specialityvocabularies,.,15,转意词汇Transferedwords,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,从普通词汇借用、移植过来，赋予了专业含义。出现在专业文献中，一般就是使用其专业含义。,resistance阻力,抵抗,敌对,电阻(值),current水流,气流,趋势,当前的,电流,charge装载,起诉,负责,载荷,电荷,充电,circuit周围,巡回,绕行,电路,.,16,转意词汇Transferedwords,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,bus公共汽车,总线,network网、网状组织,网络,rectifier修正者,整流器,monitor班长,显示器、监视器,power力量、动力,电源、功率、动力、电力、幂,field田野,场地,领域,（电、磁）场,regulator调整者,稳压器,.,17,转意词汇Transferedwords,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,resistance：电阻，电阻值resistor：电阻（器）capacitance：电容，电容值capacitor：电容（器）inductance：电感，电感值inductor：电感（器）,parallelserial：并行串行parallelseries：并联串联,analogdigital：模拟的数字的continuousdiscrete：连续的离散的,.,18,转意词汇Transferedwords,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,有些单词的通用含义很接近，但它们的专业含义却完全不同，如：differential：微分difference：差分probability：概率possibility：可能性,转意词汇还有：failure，relay，antenna，coherent，filter，spectrum，modulator，flip-flop，potential,carrier,line,loop等等,.,19,专业缩写词SpecialityAbbreviations,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,FET-field-effecttransistor场效应管IC-integratedcircuit集成电路USB-UniversalSerialBas通用串行总线AM-amplitudemodulation幅度调制、调幅FM-frequencymodulation频率调制、调频,通信、电信技术发展飞速，新缩写词不断出现。,DC.dc.-directcurrent直流AC.ac.-Alternatingcurrent交流,.,20,专业缩写词SpecialityAbbreviations有些是组织机构的缩写，如：,0.1科技英语的特点features,0.1.2词汇Vocabulariesorwords,ITU-,InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion国际电信联盟,IEEE-,InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering电气与电子工程师协会,ISO-InternationalStandardizationOrganization国际标准化组织,还有IEC,ANSI，AToutputis“0”,ifallinputsarenot“1”.,在“与”电路中,若所有输入端为“1”信号,则输出“1”;若所有输入端不是“1”,则输出“0”。,在“与”电路中,若所有输入端为“1”信号,则输出“1”;若输入端不全为“1”,则输出“0”。,错,.,25,0.2.1翻译的准则TheCriteriaofTranslation,e.g.Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.,因为橡胶阻止电通过，所以用作绝缘材料。,e.g.WaterlooBridge,魂断蓝桥,因为橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。,信,达,雅,0.2专业英文翻译概述Translation,.,26,Step1先大致浏览一遍全文，了解专业背景，理解大意。Step2查词典掌握生词含意。Step3用中文将原作表达出来，力求忠实原作，通顺流畅，可对原作作适当增删或延伸。Step4检查校对。,0.2.2翻译的基本步骤ThestepsofTranslation,0.2专业英文翻译概述Translation,.,27,e.g.Incomputerweusebittorepresenttheminimumdata.在计算机中我们用位来表示最小的数据。,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.1直译LiteralTranslation,翻译中，能够直译的情况较少，一般都需要做适当的变换、省略、增补等以符合中文的规范和习惯，达到“达”的标准。,.,28,中文：动词使用更多，用法更灵活英文：有冠词；大量使用介词,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.2变换ChangesinTranslation词性的变换,e.g.Theminiaturereceivingantennawasdevelopedasanalternativetothatlargeone.这种小型接收天线是为取代那种大型天线而研制的。n.v.,.,29,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.2变换ChangesinTranslation词性的变换,e.g.Gasesdifferfromsolidsinthattheformerhavegreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.气体与固体的区别在于前者较后者有更大的可压缩性。v.n.,e.g.Reliabilityfeaturesthiscontrolsystem.可靠性是这个控制系统的特色。v.n.,.,30,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.2变换ChangesinTranslation词序的变换名词修饰语语序,e.g.Themaindevicefailuremodeissecondbreakdown.,主要器件的失效模式是二次击穿。,错!,器件的主要失效模式是二次击穿。,.,31,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.2变换ChangesinTranslation词序的变换谓语状语语序,e.g.IntegratedcircuitsweresuccessfullydevelopedinAmericanin1958.,集成电路于1958年在美国研制成功。,英语词序：谓语方式状语地点状语时间状语汉语词序：时间状语地点状语方式状语谓语,.,32,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.2变换ChangesinTranslation词序的变换被动、主动语态,e.g.Anelectricfieldcanbeproducedbyanychargespresentinspace.,电场可由空间存在的任何电荷所产生。,空间存在的任何电荷均会产生电场。,.,33,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.3省略Ellipsis,通常省略冠词、介词、代词等,e.g.Anysubstanceismadeofatoms,whetheritisagas,aliquid,orasolid.,任何物质,无论是气体、液体或固体,皆由原子组成。（省略冠词）,e.g.Itisthirtycubicmetersinvolume.,体积是30立方米。(省略代词It、介词in),.,34,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.4增补Supplements,e.g.ThefirsttermofFourierseriesiscalledthefundamental,theotherstheharmonics.,傅里叶级数的第一项称为基波,其它各项称为谐波。,e.g.ThefirsttermofFourierseriesiscalledthefundamental,theothersarecalledtheharmonics.,.,35,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.4增补Supplements,e.g.Theattenuationofthefilterisnearlyconstanttowithin0.5dBovertheentirefrequencyband,该滤波器的衰减在整个频带内接近恒定在0.5dB以内。,该滤波器的衰减近于恒定,整个频带内的变化在0.5dB以内。,.,36,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.4增补Supplements,reading读书preparation准备工作networking联网achip一片芯片threecomputer三台计算机Thespeedisfast.速度很快。theexperts专家们,.,37,0.3专业英文翻译的几种基本方法,0.3.5引申Extensions,e.g.Theproductyieldisasensitivefunctionofprocesscontrol.,产品的成品率与工艺控制密切相关。,直译生硬、拗口时，可在正确理解原意的基础上适当引申。,e.g.Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.,因为橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。,.,38,数制,0.4.1数制Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,Bigsystem:,(Forengineering),Smallsystem:everyorderofmagnitude,(Forcommonusing),American:everythreeordersofmagnitude,British:everysixordersofmagnitude,everyfourordersofmagnitude,.,39,数制,0.4.1数制Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,语,.,40,数量级常使用对应的数量级缩写，作为单位的接头词,0.4.2数量级和国际单位Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,.,41,0.4.2数量级和国际单位Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,.,42,国际单位制（部分）量单位符号lengthmetermmasskilogramkgtimesecondsangleradianradelectriccurrentampereAelectriccapacitancefaradFelectricchargecoulombC,0.4.2数量级和国际单位Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,.,43,国际单位制（部分）量单位符号electricpotentialvoltVelectricresistanceohmelectricfrequencyhertzHzelectricinductanceherryHelectricpowerwattWthermodynamicKelvindegreeKtemperatureCelsiusdegree,0.4.2数量级和国际单位Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,.,44,0.4.2数量级和国际单位Numbersystems,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,kilometer:kmpicofarad:pFmillisecond:msdecibel:dBMegabytes：MB,以为单位：inunitsof.或ine.g.anangleinradianscurrentinampereswherefisinhertzandvisinvoltsinthousandsinbillionsofdollars注意单位名用复数形式,.,45,AisNtimesaslarge/many/heavy/asBAisNtimeslarger/more/heavier/asBAislarger/more/heavier/thanBbyNtimesA的大小/数量/重量/是B的N倍。A比B大/多/重/N1倍。,0.4.3数量的增减IncreaseandDecrease,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,Adouble/treble/quadruple/quintuple增加到二倍/三倍/四倍/五倍e.g.Wedoublethevoltage.,.,46,increaseNtimesincreasetoNtimesincreasebyNtimesincreasebyafactorofNincreaseN-foldincreaseNtimesasmuch/many/as增加为N倍，或增加了N-1倍（有另解）,0.4.3数量的增减IncreaseandDecrease,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,increasebyx%增加了xreducebyx%减少了x,.,47,decreaseNtimesdecreasetoNtimesdecreasebyNtimesdecreasebyafactorofNdecreaseN-folddecreaseNtimesasmuch/many/asN-foldreduction/decreasebeNtimeslessthan减少了(N1)/N倍，或减少到1/N。动词还可换成reduce、shorten、drop、cutdown等,0.4.3数量的增减IncreaseandDecrease,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,.,48,0.4.3数量的增减IncreaseandDecrease,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,e.g.Theswitchingtimeofthenewtypetransistorisshortenedbyafactorofthree.译文1:新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。译文2:新型晶体管的开关时间缩短为三分之一。,e.g.ThecostofTVsetswasreducedby70%.电视机的成本降低了70%。,e.g.Thevoltagehasdroppedfivetimes.电压下降了五分之四。,.,49,maximum、minimum、peak、valley、average、mean、absolute、median、optimum、upper、lower,0.4.4最大、最小、平均等,0.4关于数量NumbersandQuantities,e.g.Themaximumcommunicationrateinthisnetworkis64kbps.,e.g.Theupperworkingtemperaturelimitofthismachineis45.温度上限,e.g.lowerfrequencylimit、averagetrafficload、peakvalue,.,50,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.1常用数学符号Mathematicsymbols,.,51,补充:,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.1常用数学符号Mathematicsymbols,ahalf,onehalf,athird,onethird,twothirds,onehundredandthirteenoverthreehundred,fourandtwothirds,Zero(O,naught)pointtwofive,.,52,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,addv.加addend加数summand被加数adder、summer加法器plusprep.加上a.n.正(的),subtractv.减subtrahend减数minuend被减数subtracter减法器minusprep.减去，a.n.负(的),.,53,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,multiplyv.乘multiplier乘数、系数、乘法器、倍增器multiplicand被乘数multiple倍数,dividev.除divider除数、系数、除法器、分频器dividend被除数divisor除数、因子、分压器、约数,.,54,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,addatobisc,aaddsbisc,aandbisc,aplusbisc,subtractbfroma,asubtractsb,bfroma,aminusb,multiplyabyb,amultipliedbyb,atimesb,divideabyb,adividedbyb,bintoa,aoverb,ab,ab,ab,a/b,a+b=c,.,55,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,xsquared,thesquareofx,thesecondpowerofx,xtothesecondpower,xcubed,thecubeofx,thethirdpowerofx，xtothethirdpower,thenthpowerofx，xtothepowerofn,thesquarerootofx，rootx,thecuberootofx,thenthrootofx,.,56,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,logbtothebasea,thelogarithmofbtothebasea,sine,cosine,tangent,logxtothebase10,commonlogarithm,logxtothebasee,naturallogarithm,cotangent,arcsine,arccosine,.,57,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,thesummationofxsubi,whereigoesfrom1ton,theproductofxsubi,whereigoesfrom1ton,thedifferentialcoefficientofywithrespecttox,thefirstderivativeofywithrespecttox,thenthderivativeofywithrespecttox,.,58,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,thepartialderivativeofywithrespectofu,whereyisafunctionofuandanothervariable(s),integralof,doubleintegralof,n-foldintegralof,integralbetweenlimitsaandb(.fromatob),.,59,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,factorialn,theabsolutevalueofx,themeanvalueofx,xbar,xprime,functionfofx,.,60,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,integerdecimalfractionrationalnumberirrationalnumberrealnumberimaginarynumberpositivenumbernegativenumber,complexnumbersingularnumberpluralnumberevennumberoddnumberprimenumberbasenumberrandomnumbern-digitnumber,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,.,61,0.5关于数学符号和数学式MathematicsymbolsandExpressions,0.5.2常用数学式MathematicExpressions,functionequationinequalityexpressionformulavariable(IV:independentDV:dependent)constantparametercoefficientfactor,.,62,0.6关于图、表FiguresandTables,0.6.1图Figures,图的编号,Figure1,Figure2,对于较短的文章，可将所有图按顺序统一编号如：,Fig.1,Fig.2,对于较长的文章，可将所有图分章节编号如：,Figure1-1,Figure1-2,Figure2-1,Figure2-2,Fig.1-1,Fig.1-2,Fig.2-1,Fig.2-2,.,63,0.6关于图、表FiguresandTables,0.6.1图Figures,图的来源,Fig.1theATVLSI;frequencysynthesis,.,80,theauthorsintroduceanewapproachfortrafficcharacterisationinATMnetworks.Thisisbasedonthestudyofremotequantilesassociatedwithstationarypointprocessesasfunctionsoftimeinterval.Itisshownthatusefulinformationaboutthemeanandvariabilityoftheprocesscanbeextractedfromtheasymptoticbehavior.Finally,theauthorsshowtheuseofsuchtimequantilesinthecontextofqueuedimen-sioningwhichallowscomparisonoftheblockingbehavioroftrafficstreamswithoutdetailedcalculations.,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.3论文的摘要theAbstract,e.g.,Abstract:,NewapproachfortrafficcharacterisationinATMnetwork,.,81,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.3论文的摘要theAbstract,e.g.,Keywords:ATMnetwork,queuedimensioning,remotequantiles,trafficcharacterisation,.,82,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,在论文中，凡是引用或参考他人文献的数据、资料、观点、方法和研究成果的地方，都应该标明出处，对应的在参考文献中列出。,体现对他人劳动、研究成果的尊重，反映作者严谨的科学态度和研究工作的科学依据；便于读者追溯有关原始文献，进一步查阅参考文献。,.,83,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,参考文献著录格式,在正文中引用参考文献的标注方法：一般采用顺序编号法。即在引用文字的右上角标注序号，按在文章中出现的顺序进行编号。,在文后参考文献中所列的文献顺序应与正文中编号一致。,.,84,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,按国际标准，参考文献的著录格式分为3部分：作者姓名.文献题名.出版事项,1戴明桢.数字信号处理的硬件实现M.北京：航空工业出版社,1998.12-15,序号作者姓名.文献题名文献类型标识.出版地:出版社，出版年.起止页码(任选),对于专著、论文集、学位论文、报告，具体格式为：,参考文献著录格式,14StephenG.Wilson.DigitalModulationandCodingM.PrenticeHall.1996,.,85,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,6金显贺，王昌长，王忠东，等.一种用于在线检测局部放电的数字滤波技术J.清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1993，33(4):62-67,对于期刊文章，具体格式为：,序号作者姓名.文献题名J.刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码,参考文献著录格式,9Tekinay,S.andJabbari,B.Handoverandchannelassignmentinmobilecellularnetworks.IEEECom-municationMagazine,1991,29(11):42-46,.,86,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,专著M论文集C报刊文章N期刊文章J学位论文D报告R专著或论文集中析出的文献A对于其他未说明的文献类型Z,参考文献著录格式,其中文献类型标识规定,光盘图书M/CD,网上电子公告EB/OL,网上期刊J/OL,对于电子类型的参考文献，常用的有：,网上数据库DB/OL,.,87,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.4论文的参考文献References,参考文献著录格式,8谢希德.创造学习的新思路N.人民日报，1998-12-25(10),11王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展EB/OL.,.,88,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,(1)Inthispaper,.is(are)presented(described,discussed,investigated,studied).(2)Thispaper(article,thesis)focuseson(presents,describes,discusses)(3)Thepurpose(aim,objective,attempt)ofthispaperisto.(4)Theapproachisbasedon.(5)Conditionsareconsideredfor.(6)Therequirementfor.,.,89,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,(7)Thesimulationisperformedbyusing.(8)Thismethodisconfirmedexperimentallywith.(9)Theresultofthisstudycanbesummarizedfor.(10)Resultsforarefoundtobeclosetotheexperimentaldata(11)Thispaperdemonstrates.(12)Theanalysisofthisstudyillustrates.,.,90,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,并作如下补充：,摘要写作：,.,91,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,.,92,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,Thispaperaimstov,.,93,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,.,94,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,.,95,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,.,96,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文写作：,.,97,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文写作定义、描述,definetake(4)considerdescribereferto,.as.,.,98,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,正文写作假说、假设：,(1),(2),.,99,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,摘要写作：,(3),正文写作假说、假设：,.,100,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,(4),正文写作假说、假设：,.,101,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,(1),正文写作分类：,.,102,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,(2),正文写作分类：,.,103,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,结语写作：,.,104,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,结语写作：,.,105,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.5写作常用句型SentencePatterns,结语写作：,.,106,0.7专业英文写作Writing,0.7.6写作练习Exercises,.,107,Lesson1电子通信简介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,(UNIT6PassageA)Intensivereading：1.2.,.,108,内容大纲Outline：,Lesson1电子通信简介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,1.1HistoricalPerspective,Developments,Atimechartshowingthehistoricaldevelopments,Allcommunicationssystemsinvolvesthreemainsubsystems:transmitter,receiver,channel.,Construction,1.2ElectronicCommunicationsSystems,.,109,内容大纲Outline：,Lesson1电子通信简介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,1.3TheElectromagneticSpectrum,1.4BandwidthandInformationCapacity,Spectrum,Informationtheory,Acommunicationsystemisstronglydependentonitsoperatingfrequencyband.Aspectrumtableshowstheelectromagneticwavebands.,Hartleyslaw:I=Bt,Shannonsformula:,.,110,精读详解Intensivereading：,Lesson1电子通信简介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,Thefundamentalpurposeofanelectroniccommunicationsystemsistotransferinformationfromoneplacetoanother.Thus,electroniccommunicationscanbesummarizedasthetransmission,reception,andprocessingofinformationbetweentwoormorelocationsusingelectroniccircuits.,1.1HistoricalPerspective,generalpurpose通用specialpurpose专用multi-purpose多用，万用的,.,111,精读详解Intensivereading：,Lesson1电子通信简介IntroductiontoElectronicCommunication,Theoriginalsourceinformationcanbeinanalog(continuous)form,suchasthehumanvoiceormusic,orindigital(discrete)form,suchasbinary-codednumbersoralphanumericcodes.Allfor