外研版英语选修7module1_的语言点.ppt

ModuleOneLanguagepoints,1.forward【n】（球赛的）前锋eg.Doyoulikethatforward?,【adj】向前的；前进的；在句中只做定语，放在名词前eg.Thedooropened,blockinghisforwardmovement.,【adj】(尤指船，飞机或其他交通工具)前部的，前面的eg。Aboltmayhavefallenofftheplanesforwarddoor,【adv】向前=forwardseg.Sheleanedforwardandkissedhimonthecheek,【adv】提前eg.Itwasdecidedtobringthemeetingforwardtwoweeks,【v】发送，寄（商品或信息）forwardsthtosb=forwardsbsth寄某物给某人eg.Wewillforwardyouournewcataloguenextweek.,【v】促进，有助于的发展，增进eg.Hesawtheassignmentasawaytoforwardhiscareer.,lookforwardtodoing盼望期待backwardandforward来回地，忽前忽后地,2.defend【v】防守，defendsb/oneself/sth(from/against)保护某人/某人自己/某物（免受）eg.Whenthedogattackedhim,hepickedupastoneanddefendhimself.,【v】辩解，辨白eg.Howcanyoudefendsuchbehavior?,defend(v)-defence(n)/defense防御，保卫indefenseof为了保卫eg.Theyaresoldierswhodiedindefenseoftheircountries.,3.guard(1)n(球赛)后卫(2)n卫兵，警卫员；看守(3)v守卫；警卫；保卫eg.Thedogwasguardingitsownersluggage.,(4)看守，监视eg.Theprisonerswereguardedbysoldiers.,beonguard站岗，执勤keepguard(over)守卫，看护off(ones)guard不警惕，不提防guardagainst防止，防范,defend&guard&protect保护(1)defend指积极地抵抗，防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或论点辩护；常与against连用eg.Shedefendedherselfsuccessfullyincourt,(2)guard意为“保卫，警卫，看守”指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意，常与against连用eg.Thedogguardedthehouse(3)protect借用某种东西作为防御，保护工具，使人或物免受伤害，这种保护的成功率比defend，guard高，常与against，from连用eg.Theytriedtheirbesttoprotecttheoldtemple.,4.talented(1)adj有天资的，有才能的eg.Heisatalentedplayer.(2)talentc.n.天才，天资，天赋talentlessadj无能的,havetalentforsth有方面的才能betalentedforsth在方面有才能eg.Sheshowedatalentforactingatanearlyage.,plicatedadj复杂的eg.Tplicate(v)-complication(n)eg.Thebadweatheraddedafurthercomplicationtoourjourney.,6.valued(adj)有价值的valued(adj)-value(n)(商品)价值holdonesvalue保值eg.Sportscarstendtoholdtheirvaluewell.,value(n)用途，积极作用tobeoflittle/novaluetosb.对某人没什么/毫无用途eg.Thisbookisoflittletome.,values(n)准则，价值观念eg.moralvalues道德观念,value(v)重视，珍视（不用于进行时）eg.Ireallyvalueherasafriend.(v)给估价，给定价（常用被动语态）valuesthateg.Thepropertyhasbeenvaluedatover$2million,beofvalue=bevaluable有价值的marketvalue市场价值，市价sentimentalvalue情感价值familyvalues家庭观念,7.growup(1)成长，长大eg.Theirchildrenhaveallgrownupandlefthomenow(2)逐渐发展，形成eg.Tradingsettlementsgrewupalongtheriver,grow(1)(vi)扩大，增加eg.Thefamilyhasgrowninsizerecently(2)(vt)栽培，种植eg.Wegrowallourownvegetables.(3)(vt)蓄，留（长头发，长指甲）eg.Ifyougrowyourhair,youdonotcutthem.(4)(link.v.)逐渐变得，逐渐成为，后面加形容词eg.Imscaredofgrowingold.,8.average(1)(n)平均数eg.Theaverageof4,5and9is6(1)anaverageof的平均数(2)onaverage平均地(3)above/belowaverage高于/低于平均,9.entire(1)(adj)全部的，整个的，仅用于名词前eg.Theentirevillagewasdestroyed.(2)entirely(adv)-entirety(n)inonesentirety整个地,10.deserve(vt)应得；值得（不用于进行时）deservetodosth应该做某事eg.Theydontdeservetowin.,deserving(值得的)在现代英语中已转化为形容词bedeservingof是常用句式和动词deserve同义。eg.Hisbraveactdeservespraise.Hisbraveactisdeservingofpraise.,deservewell/illofsb.应该受到某人好的（不好的）待遇eg.Hedeserveswellofhisboss.,11.generation(1)(n)一代人(2)(n)一批，一届（从事特定活动的同龄人）generationgap代沟，两代人之间的隔阂,12.live(1)adv现场直播地；现场演出地eg.WewillbebroadcastingtheprogramlivefromAustralia(2)(adj)活的eg.Wesawareallivesnake(3)(adj)当前所关心的，时下重大的eg.Pollutionisstillverymuchaliveissue.(4)(vi)生存，活着eg.Thedoctorsaidheonlyhadsixmonthstolive(5)(vi)继续存在，铭记eg.Thismomentwillliveinourmemoryformanyyears.,livebysth按照（某信念或原则生活）liveupto达到，符合，不辜负liveforsb/sth为某人/某物而活着livein住在liveoff靠过活liveon活着，继续存在livethroughsth经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存livetogether在一起生活,mentary(1)(n)解说asportscommentary(2)(n)注释；解释；评注eg.acriticalcommentaryonthefinalspeechoftheplaycommentaryon.对的解说,14.rely(v)信任，信赖relyon/upon依靠，依赖eg.Asbabies,werelyentirelyonothersforfood.,Relyonsbtodosth依靠某人做某事Relyonsbdoingsth依赖某人做某事Relyonsbfor依靠Relyonyourselfforsuccess,15.instant(1)(adj)立刻的eg.Shetookaninstantdisliketome.(2)(adj)(仅用于名词前)速食的；即食的；速溶的eg.instantcoffee(3)(n)片刻，顷刻；瞬间inaninstant=immediately立即，立刻theinstantthat一就,16.appoint(1)(v)委派，任命appointsbtodosth任命某人做某事eg.Alawyerwasappointedtorepresentthechild.,appointsbas任命某人为eg.Shehasrecentlybeenappointedasthecommittee.,17.absorb(v)吸收，理解；消耗beabsorbedinbelostin专心致志做，全神贯注于.beburiedin,18.join&joinin&takepartin&attend&goinfor&bepresentat参加join意为“加入”指参加党派，军队，团体等，并且成为其中一员eg.ShejoinedthePartyattheageof25.(2)joinin指参加比赛或活动，参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏、谈话等具体活动。常用于口语eg.Shelistensbutneverjoinsin.(3)takepartin指“参加大型的群众性的活动”着重强调的是以主人翁的态度参加进去eg.Wemusttakeanactivepartinthemovement.,(4)attend意为“出席”常指出席会议，婚礼,葬礼等eg.Didyouattendthemeeting?(5)goinfor指参加“考试”也可以意为“从事”eg.ThePartycallsonustogoinforagricultureinabigway.(6)bepresentat表示出席会议或仪式eg.Howmanyofthemwerepresentatyesterdaysmeeting.,19.turn(1)link.v.变得，变成，后接adj，或分词作表语eg.Theclothesallturnedpinkinthewash.turn后的名词前没有冠词eg.Shedliketoturnteacher.,(2)turn&become&growturn:强调变化的结果become：强调状态的变化grow：强调变化的过程,eg.Mikebecomesill.Myyoungerbrotherisgrowingtall.Themilkturnedsour.,20.reason(1)n.原因，理由，解释havereasontodosth有理由做某事eg.Idliketoknowthereasonwhyyouresolate.Wehaveeveryreasontofeeloptimistic.,(2)reason后常接不定式或for引导的短语或从句做定语egIhavenoparticularreasonfordoubtinghim.,(3)当reason做主语时可接that引导的从句作表语eg.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethathedidntcatchthefirstbus.,forsomereason出于某种reasonsthout通过思考想出某事的对策reasonwithsb和某人讲道理,reason&cause&excusereason：理由，原因，指决定做某一件事情或采取某一行动的理由thereasonfor.的原因,cause：起因，指引起某种后果的原因eg：Thecauseofthefireisthathesmokedintheforest.excuse:借口，辩解；指为某一行为所做的解释.eg:Thereisnoexcuseforsuchrudeness.,21.information：un信息informationon/aboutsth对某事的信息eg.Forfurtherinformationonthediet,writetousatthisaddress.,(2)information后常接that引导的同位语从句eg.Ourinformationisthatthepolicewillshortlymakeanarrest.eg.Wehavereceivedtheinformationthattheymayhaveleftthecountry.,23.die(1)(v)死亡(2)(v)消失，消亡，死亡(3)(v)停止运转eg.Theoldcustomsaredying.,dieaway逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊dieback（植物）叶凋而不死diedown逐渐变弱，逐渐平息dieoff相继死去dieout灭绝dieinonesbed善终，寿终正寝,die(v)-death(n)-dead(adj)-dying,23.wear(1)(v)穿，佩带eg.DoIhavetowearatie?,(2)(v)流露，面带，呈现（某种状态）eg.Heworeapuzzledlookonhisface.,(3)(vi)消耗，用旧，磨损eg.Thecarpetsarestartingtowear.,wearaway（因重复使用而）变薄，变光滑weardown变小，变光滑wearoff逐渐消失，消逝,wearon慢慢地过去，光阴荏苒wearout磨薄，穿破wearsbout.使某人筋疲力尽,24.score(1)(n)得分，评分(2)(n)二十（单复数相同）eg.threescore,fourscore,(3)(v)把记下；记分；得分eg.scoreapoint,scoresof=ascoreof许多,25.attend(1)Wedlikeasmanypeopleaspossibletoattend.(2)Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.(3)Shehadntbeenattendingduringthelesson,参加经常去，定期去（某处）注意专心,(4)Thepresidentwasattendedbyseveralmembersofhisstaff.(5)TherewasnoonetoattendhimbutMary.(6)Ihavesomeurgentbusinesstoattendto.,随同，陪同（医生，护士）看护，治疗，照顾处理，应付，关怀,26.finish(1)(vt)完成，做好，后接n/ving(2)(vt)喝完，吃完，用尽（所剩之物）eg.Hefinishedoffhisdrinkwithonelargegulp.,27.morethan(1)后接名词时表示“不止是”“不仅仅是”eg.Heismorethanafriendtome.(2)后接数词表示“超过”，相当于overeg.Ihaveknownhimformorethan5years.,(3)morethan后接形容词，表示“很”或“非常”eg.Theyweremorethanwillingtohelp.(4)后接动词表“非常”“不止”“超出”eg.Imorethansawit:Ifeltittoo.(5)后接副词，表“过于”eg.Hedressedmorethansimply.(6)后跟含有can（could）的从句，常含有否定之意eg.Thecoldwasmorethanwecouldbear.,28.admire(vt)赞美，钦佩，喜欢admire的现在分词admiring常用作定语，表示“赞赏的，钦佩的”admire后不接that从句,29.Theresnodoubtthat毫无疑问eg.Theresnodoubtthathelied.,30.surprise(1)(vt)使惊奇，使诧异(2)(cn)令人惊奇的事(3)(un)惊奇、惊讶(4)surprise是及物动词，主语是动词不定时或that从句时，常用it做形式主语Itsurprisedtosbtodosth,(5)surprising&surprisedsurprising含主动的意思，主语一般是物surprised含被动的意思，主语一般是人,toonessurprise令人吃惊的是takesb/sthbysurprise出其不意地袭击,31.before(1)后只接点时间或具有点时间意义的名词，不接一段时间eg.Wegotupbeforesunrise.(2)before引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用现在时态表将来，当谓语动词表示的动作发生在过去某个时间以前时，从句谓语动词可用过去时或过去完成时eg.Ileftbeforehehadcome.(3)before用作副词时，可以和过去时或现在完成时连用.,32.each：各个，每个(1)(pron)在句中可用作主语、宾语和同位语(2)each用作主语时，常用于eachof短语中，如果each强调的是“个体”，谓语动词与相关的物主代词，通常用单数形式eg.Eachofushasanewpen.,(3)each用作复数主语的同位语时，谓语动词和相关的物主代词用复数形式（包括附加疑问句）eg.Weeachhaveourownparticulartastes,haventwe?,(4)each用作限定词，只能作定语，且只能接单数名词。each不可与almost，nearly连用eg.Eachschoolhasitslibrary.(5)each不可与all连用,each&everyeach和every都有“每个”的意思，但重点不同。each强调个别的情况，every强调全体，有“所有的”意思。eg.Sheknowseachstudentoftheclass.eg.Sheknowseverystudentoftheclass.,(2)each可作限定词，也可作代词。作代词时，也用作主语、宾语、或同位语；作主语时谓语动词用单数，而every只有和名词连用或构成复合词时才能作主语或宾语eg.Eachofushas/haveanEnglishdictionary.EveryonehasanEnglishdictionary,33.sothatso+adj+thateg.Itissocoldthatwehavetostayathome.,(2)so+adv+thateg.Shedancedsobeautifullythatallofthejudgesgaveherfullmarks.,(3)somany/few+名词复数+thateg.TherearesomanypeoplecominginandoutthatIjustcantgettosleep.,(4)somuch/little+不可数名词+thateg.IatesomuchthatIwasalmostsick.,(5)so+adj+a/an+that.eg.Itislargearoomthatitcanhold100people.,(6)so+adj/adv位于句首时，整个句子用部分倒装形式。即把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语之前。eg.Sobeautifullydidshedancethatallofthejudgesgaveherfullmarks.,34.ever(1)ever可用在否定句和疑问句，也可用在带有否定意思的词的肯定句中，表示“在任何时候（场合，情况），从来，曾经”eg.Haveyoueverbeenthere?(2)ever意为“究竟，到底”时，起强调作用。用在特殊疑问词后，表示经意或厌烦，疑问词与ever连用时，通常应该分开写。eg.Wheneverdidyouseeit?,(3)ever一般位于be动词，助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。修饰形容词比较级或最高级形式时，通常在比较级的前面或最高级的后面；修饰名词时，一般置于所修饰的名词的后面。eg.Whydidntyouevertellmeyouwerecoming?(4)比较级+thanever表示“比以前更”ever+比较级“表示“越来越”(5)ever与not可以连用，但不常用，多用never,35.bythetime表示“到时候”常引导一个从句做时间状语,bythetime+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，表示主句动作发生在先eg.Bythetimethedoctorarrivedthepatienthaddied.,(2)bythetime+一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，表示主句动作将先发生eg.Bythetimehecomeswewillhavefinishedthejob.,(3)当主句的谓语动词有表示状态的be动词时，主句通常不用完成时态eg.Bythetimethedoctorarrived,thepatientwasdead,37.think(1)(vt)接不定式作宾语时，多用在否定句和疑问句中。eg.Ine