材料工程英文介绍 材料科学与工程学院

MaterialsScienceAndEngineering,1,Insulationmaterials,2,3,Whatsmaterialsscienceandengineering?,Materialshavealwaysbeenimportanttotheadvanceofcivilization.,SuchasStoneageandBronzeage,4,Structuralandproperties,Itwasnotuntilrelativelyrecenttimesthatscientistscametounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthestructuralelementsofmaterialsandtheirproperties.Materialsprocessingprocessnotonlyaltersthestructure,butalsodecidesthematerialcharacteristicandperformance.,5,Whatisitusedtosolve?,Materialengineeringmainlytosolvetheproblemandcreatematerialapplication.,6,Whatsisitusedtosolve?,Advancementintheunderstandingofamaterialtypeisoftentheforerunnertothestepwiseprogressionofatechnology.Forexample,automobileswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheavailabilityofinexpensivesteelorsomeothercomparablesubstitutes.Inourcontemporaryera,sophisticatedelectronicdevicesrelyoncomponentsthataremadefromwhatarecalledsemiconductingmaterials.,7,8,9,Whydowestudymaterials?,Whydowestudymaterials?,Manyanappliedscientistsorengineers,whethermechanical,civil,chemical,orelectrical,willbeexposedtodesignprobleminvolvingmaterialsatonetimeoranother.Examplesmightincludeatransmissiongear,thesuperstructureforabuilding,anoilrefinerycomponent,oranintegratedcircuitchip.,10,Whatsmaterialsscienceandengineering,Ofcourse,materialsscienceandengineeringistotallyinvolvedintheinvestigationanddesignofmaterials.,11,12,selecttherightmaterials,Manytimes,amaterialsproblemistoselecttherightmaterialsfrommanythousandsavailableones.Thereareseveralcriteriaonwhichthefinaldecisionisnormallybased.Firstofall,thein-serviceconditionsmustbecharacterized.,In-serviceconditions,13,selecttherightmaterials,Asecondselectionconsiderationisanydeteriorationofmaterialpropertiesthatmayoccurduringserviceoperation.Finally,probablytheoverridingconsiderationiseconomics.,14,deteriorationofmaterialproperties,15,Themorefamiliaranengineerorscientistiswiththevariouscharacteristicsandstructure-propertyrelationships,aswellasprocessingtechniquesofmaterials,themore