新视界综合教程2 Unit 1 Further reading.ppt

Skimmingandyoushouldhaveideasforabeginning,adevelopment,andaconclusionforyourwork.,译文,Digging,14Whenyouhavewrittenthefirstversion,readitandmakeanychanges,especiallychangeswhichwillmakeiteasierforthereadertounderstandthepointsyouaretryingtomake.15Butyourfirsttaskistoestablishtheexactmeaningofthetitle.Ifyouinterpretitwrongly,theessaycouldbeacompletedisaster.,译文,Digging,16Spendsometimethinkingaboutthetitle;itmayevenbeworthrewritingitinyourownwordsifitisatallcomplexorconfusing.Thinkalsoaboutanybuilt-inassumptionsitmaycontain.Forexample,“TowhatextentdidParliamentincreaseitspowerinthe16thcentury?”almostinvitesyoutoagreewiththeassumptionthatParliamentdidincreaseitspower.Youmaythinkthatitdidnt.Rememberthatyoucandisagreewithsuchassumptions,ortreatthemcritically.Butsupportingyourargumentwithevidenceandlogicalreasoningisindispensable.,译文,Digging,End,Difficultsentences,Text,Theideaof“fairshare”hereindicatesthateveryonehasproblemsofsomesortorother,inmoreorlessequalshares.Thusstudentshaveproblemsjustasotherpeopledo,forexample,olderpeoplemayhavebetterfinancesbuttheylacktheenergyandhealth.Therefore,inoneslifetime,problemsmaychangebutnotgoaway.,1.Likeeveryoneelse,studentshavetheirfairshareofproblems.(Line1,Para1),2.andsurvivingonlimitedfinancialresources(Line4,Para1),Difficultsentences,Itmeansstudentshavetoliveonalowincome.,Text,Difficultsentences,Text,3.Thestandardjokeisthatitisasystemfortransferringnotesfromthelecturersfiletothestudentsnotebookwithoutpassingthroughthemindofeither.(Line2,Para2),The“joke”isintendedtocriticizethetraditionallecturingstyleinwhichthelecturerinafairlymindlesswaysimplyreadsoutlecturenotes.Thenstudentssimplywritethenotesdownwithoutrealthinking.Theresultisthatthestudentsnotesmaybesimilartothoseofthelecturer,butthemeaningofthelecturehasntpassedthroughthemindofeitherstudentsorthelecturer.,Difficultsentences,4.Theywillprovideinformation,placethematerialofthecourseincontext,(Line2,Para3),Text,Ifthematerialofthecourse,forexample,isabookortheory,agoodteacherwillexplainhowitfitsintoitshistoricalbackground,thephilosophywhichliesbehinditanditsrelationtootherworksandideas.,Difficultsentences,5.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenlisteningandunderstandingthematerialwhichisbeingpresented,andmakingnotes.(Line6,Para4),Text,Ifyoulistenandthinkverycarefully,youwillnothavetimetotakegoodnotes,butifyouwriteeverythingdown,youwillnottakeintheoverallsense.Youneedtofindasolutionwhichproducesbothnotesandunderstanding.strikeabalance:Themetaphorisofapairofscales.Ifsomethinghappenstotipthebalance,onethingoutweighstheother,andyoumayneedtorestorethebalance.Differentcircumstancesmaythreatentodisturbthebalance,soyoumayneedtoconstantlyadjustthebalance.,Difficultsentences,6.Forexample,“TowhatextentdidParliamentincreaseitspowerinthe16thcentury?”almostinvitesyoutoagreewiththeassumptionthatParliamentdidincreaseitspower.(Line5,Para16),Text,Thewordingofthequestion,asopposedto“DidParliamentincreaseitspowerinthe16thcentury?”,mightleadastudenttothinkabout“towhatextent”ratherthanfirstevaluateifParliamentdidincreaseitspoweratall.,例句,翻译,释义1,vt.tomovesomethingorsomeonefromoneplacetoanother移动，迁移,transfer,等到蛋糕凉了之后再放到盘子里。,Words,Waituntilthecakescoolbeforetransferringthemtoaplate.,例句,翻译,Hetransferredsomemoneyfromonebankaccounttoanother.,他把一些钱从一个账户转到另一个账户上。,释义2,v.tomovefromonejob,office,ordepartmenttoanotherinthesamecompanyororganization（在同一公司或组织内）调动,transfer,Pennysappliedforatransfertoanotherpartofthecompany.,Words,例句,翻译,彭尼已申请调到公司的其他部门工作。,Text,Hehastransferredfromthewarehousetotheaccountsoffice.,他已由仓库调到会计办公室任职。,例句,翻译,例句,翻译,释义1,n.Casetofpapers,documents,orrecordsthatyoukeepbecausetheycontaininformation档案；案卷；卷宗,file,Thefileonthiscasewasclosedfiveyearsago.,人事档案存放在安全的地方。,Words,Personnelfilesarekeptinsecurestorage.,例句,翻译,有关这起案件的资料档案已经封存了5年之久。,Wewantwhateverwewritetoberead,fromfirstwordtolast,notjustthrownintosome“letters-to-be-read”fileorintoawastepaperbasket.(Jan.1993,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,例句,翻译,释义2,n.Casetofinformationonacomputer（计算机的）文件，文档,file,保存修改过的文件务必要重新命名。,Words,Besuretosavetherevisedversionofthefileunderanewfilename.,要表达建立新文件，而非备份文件或拷贝文件时，用动词create。,Whentalkingaboutanewfile,notaback-upfileoracopy,thecorrectverbiscreate.,例句,翻译,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,n.C,uthegeneralsituationinwhichsomethinghappens,whichhelpsexplainit情景；背景,context,得结合具体情况来看这次降价。,Words,Thisfallinpriceshastobeseenincontext.,Thesechangesmustbeseenintheirhistoricalandsocialcontext.,例句,翻译,这些变化必须放在其历史和社会环境中来看待。,例句,翻译,释义2,n.C,Uthewordssurroundingaparticularwordthathelptogiveititsmeaning上下文；语境,报纸对他的话完全断章取义，琼斯对此十分气愤。,Words,Joneswasfuriousthatthepapershadquotedhisremarkscompletelyoutofcontext.,context,例句,翻译,英语单词根据上下文可能有数种不同的意思。,Englishwordscanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingoncontext.,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,adj.expressinganopinionwhenyouthinksomethingiswrongorbad批判的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的,critical,Hehasapologisedforcriticalremarkshemadeaboutthereferee.,她父亲是个非常挑剔的人。,Words,Herfatherwasaverycriticalman.,例句,翻译,他为自己对裁判出言不逊而道歉。,Thedirectorwascriticalofthewayweweredoingthework.(Jan.2000,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,例句,翻译,释义2,adj.veryimportant非常重要的；关键的,critical,今后几天发生的事将对我们取得成功非常关键。,Words,Whathappensinthenextfewdaysiscriticaltooursuccess.,例句,翻译,我们需要立即就这个关键性的问题作出决定。,Weneedanimmediatedecisiononthiscriticalissue.,Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningabutoneself.(Jun.2001,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,adj.importantanddirectlyconnectedtowhatisbeingdiscussedorconsidered重要的；有关的；(与主题)相关的,relevant,Theseissuesaredirectlyrelevanttotheneedsofslowlearners.,这个问题和我的观点不相干。,Words,Thequestionisnotrelevanttomypoint.,例句,翻译,这些问题与接受能力慢的学习者的需要有直接关系。,Colorandsexarenotrelevanttowhetherapersonissuitableforthejob.(Sep.2003,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,n.C,Utheactivityofbeingwithandtalkingtootherpeople,andthewaythatpeoplereacttoeachother互动；交流,interaction,涉及一定的社会交往的工作通常更令人有满足感。,Words,Jobsthatinvolveadegreeofsocialinteractionareusuallymoresatisfying.,Familiesneedtoencourageactivitiesthatpromoteinteractionbetweenparentandchild.,家庭里要鼓励进行能够增进家长和孩子之间交流的活动。,例句,翻译,例句,翻译,释义2,n.C,Utheprocessbywhichdifferentthingsaffecteachotherorchangeeachother相互影响；相互作用,interaction,Thisstudyfocusesonthecomplexinteractionbetweenbodyandmind.,该结构似乎与其他蛋白质有相互作用。,Words,Themechanismseemstoinvolveinteractionswithotherproteins.,例句,翻译,这项研究的重点是身心之间复杂的相互影响。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,vt.towatchorstudysomeoneorsomethingwithcareandattentioninordertodiscoversomething观察；观测；监视,observe,Thepolicehavebeenobservinghismovements.,我观察了鸟儿怎样喂养它的后代。,Words,Iobservedhowthebirdfeditsyoung.,例句,翻译,警方一直在监视着他的一举一动。,Ageographermightbedescribedasonewhoobserves,records,andexplainsthedifferencesbetweenplaces.(Jun.1991,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,vi.tothinkaboutsomethingcarefullyandseriously仔细思考,reflect,Ireflectedonpossiblereasonsformyfailure.,他坐在那里，思考着出了什么差错。,Words,Hesattherereflectingonwhathadgonewrong.,例句,翻译,我反思了可能导致自己失败的原因。,例句,翻译,释义2,vt.ifasurfacereflectssomething,youcanseetheimageofthatthingonthesurface映照；反射,reflect,Shecouldseeherfacereflectedinthewater.,白色的衣服因为反射热量穿起来比较凉快。,Words,Whiteclothesarecoolerbecausetheyreflecttheheat.,例句,翻译,她看见自己的脸倒映在水中。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,Uanopinionthatyouhaveafterthinkingcarefullyaboutsomething判断；看法；评价,judgment,Theybasicallymadeajudgmentwithoutknowingallthefacts.,现在对此作出判断仍为时过早。,Words,Itisstilltoosoontoformajudgmentaboutthis.,例句,翻译,他们基本上是在不了解全部事实的情况下作出了判断。,Ifalldriversexercisegoodjudgmentsatalltimes,therewouldbefewaccidents.(Jan.2000,CET4,ListeningComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.connectingideasorreasonsinasensibleway合乎逻辑的；合理的,logical,Asmallapartmentisalogicalchoiceforasingleperson.,只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后，证明才成立。,Words,Onlywheneachlogicalstephasbeencheckedbyothermathematicianswilltheproofbeaccepted.,例句,翻译,对一个单身人士而言，小公寓是合理的选择。,Inpreparingscientificreportsoflaboratoryexperiments,astudentshouldpresenthisfindingsinlogicalorderandclearlanguage.(Jan.1995,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.involvingalotofnewimaginationandnewideas创造的；有创造性的,creative,Herbookisfullofcreativewaystodecorateyourhome.,他想出了一个很有创造性的解决这个问题的方案。,Words,Hecameupwithareallycreativesolutiontotheproblem.,例句,翻译,她的书里充满了装点居室的创意。,Workersinthefineartsconveythoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.(Sep.2003,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.abletobeobtained,taken,orused可获得的；可利用的；现成的,available,这道菜是用在大多数超市内都能买到的原料做出来的。,Words,Thedishismadewithingredientsavailableinmostsupermarkets.,真题,这类信息在网上可以任意获取。,TheinformationisfreelyavailableontheInternet.,翻译,TherewerenoticketsavailableforFridaysperformance.(Jan.1990,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,n.Cthepartatthebeginningofabook,reportetcthatgivesageneralideaofwhatitisabout序言；引言；内容介绍,introduction,序言里对劳伦斯的生平有一个简要的说明。,Words,IntheintroductiontheresabriefaccountofLawrenceslife.,例句,翻译,他的老师为他的新书作序。,Histeacherwrotetheintroductionforhisnewbook.,例句,翻译,释义2,n.Ctheprocessoftellingsomeoneanotherpersonsnamewhentheymeetforthefirsttime介绍；引见,introduction,Icanneverremembernames,soIdontliketomaketheintroductions.,女主人在聚会上介绍大家认识。,Words,Thehostessmadetheintroductionsattheparty.,例句,翻译,我从来记不住人名，所以我不喜欢给人作介绍。,Thisprogrammewillexaminethewritersbooksindetail,followinganintroductiontoherlife.(Jan.1994,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,vt.tolookinabookoratamaporlistinordertofindinformation查阅；查找,查阅报纸的分类广告版寻找招聘信息。,Words,Consulttheclassifiedpagesofanynewspapertofindjoboffers.,consult,例句,翻译,我坚持在阅读小说时查词典。,Ipersistedinconsultingthedictionarywhilereadingnovels.,例句,翻译,释义2,vt.toaskforinformationoradvicefromsomeonewhohasspecialknowledgeaboutaparticularsubject向咨询；求教,consult,AnincreasingnumberofclientsareconsultingthemaboutSocialSecuritychanges.,她向律师咨询有关她离婚的事。,Words,Sheconsultedalawyeraboutherdivorce.,例句,翻译,越来越多的客户向他们咨询有关社会保障制度的变化。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.C,Uareasonorsetofreasonsthatyouuseforpersuadingotherpeopletosupportyourviews,opinionsetc理由；论据；论点,argument,Itisbettertoconvincebyargumentthanseducebyexample.,有充分理由要求降低价格。,Words,Theresastrongargumentforloweringtheprice.,例句,翻译,以理服人强于以榜样诱导。,Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundsonwhichtobasehisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.(Jun.2000,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Caformofsomethingthatisdifferentfromotherformsorfromtheoriginal版本；改编形式,version,Thelatestversionofthefilmismorelikethebook.,这个作家写了一部现代版的罗密欧与朱丽叶。,Words,Theauthorwroteanup-to-dateversionoftheRomeoandJuliet.,例句,翻译,这部电影的最新版本更忠实于原著。,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,vt.todiscover,prove,ordecidethatsomethingistrue发现；确定；证实,establish,Medicaltestsestablishedthatshewasnottheirownchild.,我们已经查实，你那天下午就在现场。,Words,Wehaveestablishedthatyouwerepresentthatafternoon.,例句,翻译,医学化验表明她不是他们的亲骨肉。,Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.(Jan.2000,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,例句,翻译,释义2,vt.tomakesomethingstarttoexistorstarttohappen建立；创立；设立,TheSchoolwasestablishedin1989byanItalianprofessor.,政府同意成立两个委员会来审议这些提议。,Words,Thegovernmentagreedtoestablishtwocommitteestoexaminetheproposals.,例句,翻译,这所学院由一名意大利教授创建于1989年。,Cambridgehasannouncedplanstoestablishabusinessschoolpresentingthemastersdegreeinbusinessadministration.(Jun.1992,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,establish,Text,例句,翻译,释义1,vt.tounderstandanaction,situationetcinaparticularway理解,interpret,艺术家具有和历史学家同等的权力去阐释历史。,Words,Anartisthasasmuchrighttointerprethistoryasahistorian.,例句,翻译,我们把他们的回答理解为赞同。,Wechosetointerpretthereplyasfavorable.,例句,翻译,释义2,v.totranslatewhatsomeoneissayinginonelanguageintoanotherlanguagesothatsomeoneelsecanunderstandit翻译；口译,interpret,SheinterpretedtheFrenchfilmforherEnglish-speakingfriend.,你可以为外宾做口译吗？,Words,Canyouinterpretfortheforeignvisitors?,例句,翻译,她为讲英语的朋友翻译了这部法语电影。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.withalotofdetailsorsmallparts,whichmakessomethingdifficulttounderstandordealwith复杂的；难懂的,complex,Mentalillnessisbyitsnatureverycomplex.,情况比我们想到的要复杂。,Words,Thesituationwasmorecomplexthanwerealised.,例句,翻译,精神病本质上十分复杂。,Thetraditionalapproachtodealingwithcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.(Jun.1996,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,n.Ufactsorphysicalsignsthathelptoprovesomething迹象；证据,evidence,Theressomeevidencethatasmallamountofalcoholisgoodforyou.,亚历克斯的父亲说他没见过任何证据表明他的儿子有精神病。,Words,Alexsfathersaysheneversawanyevidenceofhissonsmentalillness.,例句,翻译,有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。,Thereisnosolidevidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.(Dec.2003,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,a.difficultorimpossibletoexistordosomethingwithout不可缺少的；必不可少的,indispensable,Agoodeducationisindispensabletobecomingadoctor.,空气对生命来说是不可或缺的。,Words,Airisindispensabletolife.,例句,翻译,要成为医生就必须接受良好的教育。,IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayindispensablerolesinraisingchildren.(Jan.2002,CET4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,includingmanyfactsoraspectsofasituation详细地,indetail,Hedescribedindetailhowtheaccidenthappened.,为了说服投资人，他不得不把整个计划细细说明清楚。,Words,Hehadtospellouttheplanindetailtopersuadetheinvestors.,例句,翻译,他详细陈述了事故是怎样发生的。,Theresearcherthenstudiedthevideotapestoanalysethematchesindetail.(Jun.2000,CET4,ReadingComprehension),真题,Text,例句,翻译,释义,toachieveagoodbalance取得合适的平衡；达到两全其美,strikeabalance,Itseemsimpossibletostrikeabalancebetweencateringtotheneedsofthefirst-timerandtheneedsoftheexpert.,我正努力在执着与妥协之间找到平衡点。,Words,Iamtryingtostrikeabalancebetweeninsistenceandcompromise.,例句,翻译,看来很难找到一个合适的平衡点，以同时满足新手和专家的要求。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,toexamineorsearchsomethingverycarefully彻底检查；彻底搜查,gothrough,Shewentthroughhispocketsandeventuallyfoundthekeys.,编辑仔细检查全文查找语法错误。,Words,Theeditorgothroughthewholearticleforanygrammaticalmistakes.,例句,翻译,她仔细检查了他的口袋，终于找到了钥匙。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,toseparatesomethingintoseveralsmallerparts分拆；分解,breakup,Iwanttoplantmorebushestobreakupthegardenabit.,你能把这个长句子分成简单的几部分吗？,Words,Canyoubreakupthislongsentenceintosimplerones?,例句,翻译,我想多种些矮树丛把花园稍微分隔成几部分。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,toremembersomething,especiallysomethingthatwillbeimportantinthefuture记得（尤指重要的）某事,keepsthinmind,Keepmeinmindifyouneedsomehelp.,当你坐到方向盘后面，就一定要时刻牢记安全第一。,Words,Alwayskeepsafetyinmindwhenyouarebehindthesteeringwheel.,例句,翻译,如果需要，记住我愿意提供帮助。,Text,例句,翻译,释义,usedwhenyouarecomparingtwothingsorpeopleandsayingthatthesecondoneisverydifferentfromthefirst对比之下,by/incontrast,Incontrast,thelivesofgirlsinwell-to-dofamilieswereoftenverysheltered.,相比之下，私营部门就有很多开销。,Words,Theprivatesector,bycontrast,hasplentyofmoneytospend.,例句,翻译,不同的是，生活在富裕家庭的姑娘们就备受呵护。,Text,提升你的学习技巧和其他人一样，学生也有他们自己必须面对的问题。熟悉新环境、与其他同学相处、靠有限的经济来源维持生活，这些都是他们的典型问题。而你在大学里面临的最大挑战之一直接源于你刚刚获得的自由。早晨，没有人逼你起床，没有人强迫你去上课。学习完全由你自己负责，你要安排好时间，寻找最佳的学习方法。以下的提示或许能帮你改善这些技巧。,原文,Translation,上课与记笔记上课的作用很容易被误解。有个经典的笑话，说上课就是把笔记从讲师的文件夹转移到学生的笔记本上的过程，讲师和学生谁也不会去思考。,原文,Translation,然而，优秀的讲师会将一个主题栩栩如生地展现给学生。他们会提供信息，会把教学内容与相关背景联系起来，详细地讲解知识难点。他们运用讨论的方法，在适当的情况下对主题进行评论，而不仅仅是简单地描述它。,原文,Translation,讲师经常分发讲义，让你了解他们要讲授的内容，但你需要把老师的讲课内容和你自己的笔记结合起来。不过，要注意，别把老师的每句话都记下来。要在听课、理解授课内容和记笔记之间找到一个平衡点。,原文,Translation,学习风格我们的学习