高中定语从句PPT课件

,定语从句,.,2,定语,定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Theblackbikeismine.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.TheboyintheroomisJack.Itisaswimmingpool.,.,3,定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.TheboycalledJimismybrother。Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,.,4,定语从句放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。,eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.,先行词,关系副词,.,6,引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。eg.Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.,主语,Ilostthebook(that/which)yougaveme).,宾语,.,7,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,themachine,amachine,that/which,.,8,TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.,her,Thelady,wesawyesterdayisGreen,Who/that,关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词,.,9,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,.,10,关系词,关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why,关系代词：指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）,.,11,关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语),.,12,ThisisabookIboughtthebookyesterday.,Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.,Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.,Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.,which/that指物，作主语，不能省。作宾语，可以省。,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.,which,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,that,.,15,关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语),.,16,who/that作主语.(不能省),Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.,ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语),/that,.,17,who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略),Theboyismyfriend.Imlookingfortheboy,Theboy(who/whom/that)Imlookingforismyfriend.,ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,ThemanwhomInoddedtoisMr.Li.,who,whom,whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。,Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.,Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.,whose,whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.,whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.,先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系,=ofwhichthedoor,=thedoorofwhich,Theyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.,eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。,=ofwhomthedaughter,=thedaughterofwhom,eg:Heisthelawyerwhosedaughterwentabroad.,三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1.关系代词的基本用法,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,2.关系代词的用法注意点,(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.,(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.,先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,.,28,Thefamily_Imstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent_articlewaspublished.Betty,_hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.,(which/that),whose,who,?that,which/that,whom,whom,?省略,.,29,介词+关系代词定语从句,.,30,Iagreewiththeidea_youapproveof,thatwhich（leaveout),做of的宾语,Iagreewiththeidea（主句）_Youapproveofwhich,Iagreewiththeidea_youapproveof,ofwhich,这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词,请还原which在从句中的位置,.,31,Thisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_theboyyesterday.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_thefamoussinger.,with,about,Thisistheboywhom/that/whoIplayedtenniswith.,Wellgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that/wehaveoftentalkedabout.,with,about,.,32,Thisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_theboyyesterday.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_thefamoussinger.,with,about,Thisistheboywhom/that/whoIplayedtenniswith.,Wellgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that/wehaveoftentalkedabout.,with,about,.,33,根据从句中的动词搭配,Thisisthebook_whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,介词+whom/which如何判断介词,for,.,34,Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateachersdesk.,如何判断介词,with,2根据先行词与介词搭配,五.关系副词when,where和why的用法,五.关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.,Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,1.when,1.when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.,Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.,2.where,2.where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.,Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.,3.why,3.why,4.关系副词的用法注意点,(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?,4.关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1)October1,1949wastheday_(_)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace_(_)Ilive.3)Isthisthereason_(_)hedidntwanttoseeme?,when,onwhich,where,inwhich,why,forwhich,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1.Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.,where/inwhich,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.,when/onwhich,(that/which),Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.,(that/which),why/forwhich,3.Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.,六.非限制性定语从句,1.非限制性定语从句的定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导,Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.,六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：,ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.,Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,.,47,Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromClassTwo.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,thatwasoutofourexpect.,whom,whose,which,.,48,单项选择,Theman_youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.A.whomB.whichD.whoseD.where2.Thenecklace_myfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.where3.Thedoctor_isleavingforAfricanextmonth.