长对话四级PPT课件

.,1,第四讲,长对话题型应对策略,.,2,四级新题型的长对话共有两篇，七题。长对话的题材一般都和学校生活有关：1)课程内容（以上课为背景，介绍某个知识）2)打工内容（常涉及到工作的内容、与学习课程的冲突等）3)科学常识（以上课内容形式出题，范围极其广泛）4)度假旅游经历5)学校生活（餐厅的食物、某个教师等）6)住宿生活（特别是与室友或房东的矛盾）7)某项娱乐活动,1.简介,.,3,2.结构分析,头（head）+中间（middle）+尾（tail）“头（head）”：重现“头”处一两句话中所用词汇，常为第一个或第二个题目的答案（听到什么，选什么）如果这一两句话一闪即逝，那么在后面反复提到的几个字会出现在“头”处1-2个题的正确选项中,.,4,2）中间（middle）：抓逻辑,不能看选项，只能“望天儿”或者“紧闭双眼”，全部听完才能做答案可以看着选项，边看边听，实时（realtime）选择答案3）尾（tail）：足够重视重现“尾”处一两句话中所用词汇的选项为答案（听到什么选什么）重现了你记得的那几个词（尾段中）的选项就是答案,.,5,3.话题小总I学习类,（1）教务场景场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。常用的词汇和词组：midterm,finals,countfor50%ofyourscore,classdiscussion,seminar,workshop(讲习班),takeattendance(点名),elementary,intermediate,advanced等。,.,6,经常出现的问题和答案Q:Whoisthespeaker?A:teacher,professor,instructor,advisorQ:Whendoesthetalktakeplace?A:atthebeginning(inthemiddle,attheendofthesemester)Q:Wheredoesthetalktakeplace?A:classroom,lecturehallQ:Whatisthetopic?A:changesintheschedule,thescheduleofthissemester,examschedule,informationaboutoncourse,.,7,（2）选课场景场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。常用的词汇和词组：required,compulsory（必修）,elective,selective,optional,course,description,catalog,bulletin,prerequisitecourse(预修课程),preliminarycourse(预备课程),suchaheavyload,excellentreputation（声誉）,dropacourse(退修课程)等。,.,8,（3）补课场景场景人物：同学之间补课。场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。常用的词汇和词组：fillsb.in(暂代某人),Youvereallylostmethere(你真的让我糊涂了),makesense,missaprettyimportantclass,clarifythemisunderstanding,checkthenotes等。,.,9,经常出现的问题和答案：Q:Whywasthemanlateforclass?(Whydidthemanaskthewomanaboutthelecture?)A:Heoverslept(wassick,hadsometroublewithhiscar,hadtogotoseethedoctor,dentist,hadanemergency)Q:Whatconfusedtheman?A:专业课的内容。Q:Whatdoesthemanpromisetodoatlast?A:Hewillnotbelateagain(oversleepagain),.,10,（4）论文场景场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。常用的词汇和词组：explorethetopic,publishedresources,bibliography/reference,intellectualdishonesty,getanearlystart,gathermaterials等。,.,11,II.生活相关类,（1）体育场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling,rockclimbing,skiing.常用的词汇和词组：ski,boots,outdoors,getingreatshape（把身体锻炼得很棒）,ensurethesafety,firstaid(急救),checkthetrails,physicaleducation,belts,patience,mentaldiscipline(智力训练）,expertriders,startingline,relaystation（中继站）等。,.,12,2）娱乐场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。常见的词汇和词组：enjoy,goodday,takeabreak,relax,reserveacourt(预定一个球场),anight-out,takeyourmindoffyourtest,fairweather等。,.,13,（3）租房场景场景人物：房东，住户场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。常用的词汇和词组：roommate,dormitory,deposit,liveon,offcampus,utilities（公共设施）,heatingcosts,temporaryaccommodation（临时住处）,landlord,apartment,sublet（转租）,dishwasher,messy（脏的）,aleakyfaucet(漏水的水龙头),tenant（房客）,afford等。,.,14,III.工作相关类,（1）应聘（面试）场景常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。常用的词汇和词组：teachingassistant,researchassistant,labassistant,administrativeassistant,waiter,waitress,nanny/babysitter,dishwashing,formalities,applicationprocedure,reference,salary,wage,demandphysicalendurance,precareertraining(岗前培训),permanentemployment,bonus,part-timejob等。,.,15,4.原则与技巧,1.“听什么，选什么”2.“头-中间-尾”与“掐头去尾后中间”a.如果你是可以“边看选项边听”类的考生，你完全可以不十分明确磁带内容，根据你听出的个把词和短语实时地（realtime）选出重现那些词和短语的选项即为答案b.如果你无法“看”、“听”同步进行，你同样可以不十分明确磁带内容，但是你要比另一类考生多做一项工作：记忆（写下）你听出的个把词和短语出现的大致顺序，听完全部内容后根据那些词和短语以及它们被提及的顺序来得到正确答案,.,16,5.Sensitive方法&训练,Sensitiveplaces“敏感区”：标志词，把握段落逻辑，考试出题的“题眼”，主动“先行”。A.12处小总：1)“head”and“tail”2)“time”and“number”(e.g.three,Monday,May,1896,twice,etc.)3)“repetitiveplaces”4)“clear/distinctplaces”5)“comparisonandcontrast”(e.g.afigureofspeech,compareto,unlike,similarly,differently,etc.),.,17,6)“example”7)“but,however,though”8)“because,so”9)“placesofparallelism”10)“emphaticplaces”:especially,first,most,andagain,mostimportantly,remember,Oh,Ialmostforgot,OnethingIshouldmention,Make/Besureto,Whatyouresupposedtodoisto11)“suggest,recommend,advise”12)“question-answerplaces,personalview/idea”,.,18,B.训练方法,Step1：第一遍，按照考试时的做题方式，在规定的时间内完成练习。做完以后注意统计对错个数，并分析选项设置特点，练习快速扫描选项的能力。Step2：脱离文字材料，对短文的内容进行全文听写。然后将自己听抄的内容与听力原文进行比对，分析听不懂的原因，是语音、词汇还是语法结构，在以后的听力练习中有针对性地解决。Step3：对照文字材料，一边听一边看，并在段落中找出相应考点和问题答案，仔细体会，分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。Step4：跟着磁带大声朗读，让自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速。打开文字答案，对应问题，在段落中标出“sensitiveplaces”，对照文字答案再次听录音，仔细体会“sensitiveplaces”,最后，脱离文字答案，再找“sensitiveplaces”的感觉,.,19,Example,(11/06/,p26-27)19.A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.B)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.C)Painandpleasureinsports.D)Asportheparticipatesin.20.A)Hecantfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B)Hecantfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C)Hedoesntknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.D)Hecantdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B)Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C)Alotofeffortismadeinvain.D)Thewriterspointofviewoftenchanges.,.,20,Answer&Scripts,M:Hello,ProfessorJohnson.W:Hello,Tony,sowhatshallweworkontoday?M:Well,theproblemisthatthiswritingassignmentisntcomingoutright.WhatIthoughtIwaswritingonwastotalkaboutwhataparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein(Q19.Whatisthetopicofthemanswritingassignment?).-headW:Whatsportdidyouchoose?M:Idecidedtowriteaboutcross-countryskiing.W:Whatareyougoingtosayaboutskiing?M:Thatstheproblem.IthoughtIwouldwriteabouthowpeacefulitistobeoutinthecountry.W:Sowhyisthataproblem?,.,21,M:Idliketostartdescribinghowquietitistobeoutinthewoods.Ikeepmentioninghowmucheffortittakestokeepgoing.Cross-countryskiingisntassimpleassomepeoplethink.Ittakesalotofenergy,butthatsnotheartofmypaper,soIguessIshouldleaveitout.ButnowIdontknowhowtoexplainthatfeelingofpeacefulnesswithoutexplaininghowhardyouhavetoworkforit.(Q20.Whatproblemdoesthemanhavewhileworkingonhispaper?)Itallfitstogether.Itsnotlikejustsittingdownsomewhereandwatchingthecloudsrollby.Thatsdifferent.-middleW:Thenyouhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.Thepeacefulnessofcross-countryskiingisthekindyouearnbyeffort.Whyleavethatout?Partofthepointyouknewbeforehand,butpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.Thatscommon,right?(Q21.Whatdoesthewomansayiscommoninwritingpapers.)M:Yeah,Iguessso.-tailDDA,.,22,Example,(11/06/,p26-27)22.A)Journalistofalocalnewspaper.B)Directorofeveningradioprograms.C)Produceroftelevisioncommercials.D)Hostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”23.A)Heranthreerestaurantswithhiswifeshelp.B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.C)Heworkedbothasacookandawaiter.D)Hehiredacookandtwolocalwaitresses.24.A)Hehardlyneedstodoanyadvertisingnowadays.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.C)HespendshugesumsonTVcommercialseveryyear.D)Hehireschildrentodistributeadsinshoppingcenters.25.A)Therestaurantlocation.B)Therestaurantatmosphere.C)Thefoodvariety.D)Thefoodprice.,.,23,Answer&Scripts,W:Goodevening,andwelcometothisweeksBusinessWorld,aprogramforandaboutbusinesspeople.(Q22:Whatisthewomansoccupation?)TonightwehaveMr.AngelinowhocametotheUnitedStatessixyearsagoandnowheisanestablishedbusinessmanwiththreerestaurantsintown.Tellus,Mr.Angelino,howdidyougetstarted?-headM:Well,Istartedoffwithasmalldiner,Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables,(Q23:WhatdowelearnaboutMr.Angelinosbusinessatitsbeginning?)itwasreallytoomuchworkfortwopeople,mycookingisgreatandwordgotarounddowntownaboutthefood.Withinayear,Ihadtohireanothercookandfourwaitresses.Whenthatrestaurantbecameverybusy,Idecidedtoexpandmybusiness.Nowwiththreeplaces,mymainconcerniskeepingthebusinesssuccessfulandrunningsmoothly.W:Doyouadvertise?,.,24,M:Oh,yes.IdonthaveanyTVcommercialsbecausetheyaretooexpensive.ButIhaveadvertisedalotonradioand