2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe学案 外研版选修8

module 5 the conquest of the universe一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇在不认识的词汇前划leap ntune v.historic adj. random adj.tension n. authority n.swear v. burst v.latter n. grasp n.glory n. abstract adj.foresee v. destiny n.sympathy n. commitment n.consistent adj. faith n.dignity n. pray v.acute adj. stable adj.dramatic adj. deliberately adv.核心词汇写其形1accustomed_adj.习惯的2witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历3decade_ n. 十年4sorrow_ n. 悲伤；悲痛5view v. 看，观察 n观点；风景6acknowledge v. 承认；认为7deed n. 行为8defeat n. 失败9accuse v. 指责10aid n. 帮助11broad adj. 丰富的；广泛的12impact n& v. 影响，作用.拓展词汇通其变1assume v假定，假设assuming conj.如果assumption n假定，假设2patient adj.忍耐的，有耐性的n.病人patience n耐心_patiently adv.耐心地3advance v& n前进；进展 advanced adj.高级的，先进的4depend v依靠；取决于dependent adj.依赖的dependence n依赖，依靠independence n独立5relief n安慰；宽慰relieve vt.安慰6devote v献身，致力devotion n忠诚_devoted adj.忠诚的 7consult v咨询；请教consultant n顾问8observe v观察observation n观察；监视1.“悲伤”一族sorrow n悲伤；悲痛sorrowful adj. 悲伤的heartbroken adj. 悲伤的sadness n. 悲哀grief n. 悲痛；忧伤miserable adj. 悲惨的mournful adj. 悲哀的2.与“学习”相关的词汇集锦grasp vt.理解；领会attend vt. 参加；上学concentrate vi. 集中(精力)review vi. 复习功课acquire vt. 获得；得到absorb vt. 吸收；理解master vt. 精通；掌握3.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描devoted忠实的generous 慷慨的mean 吝啬的easygoing 随和的warmhearted 热心肠的energetic 有活力的enthusiastic 充满热情的(二)重点短语记牢用活1in_spite_of不管2at_the_very_beginning_of 在一开始的时候3a_series_of 一系列的；一连串的4accuse_sb.of_doing_sth. 指责/控告某人某事5pray_for 祈望；祈求6be_similar_to 与相似的7set_in_motion 使某事开始8make_it 成功；准时到达9set_out 开始做；着手进行；陈述10get/be_accustomed_to 习惯于1.无被动语态短语小结break out爆发belong to 属于consist of 由组成come true 变成现实take place 发生date from/back to 追溯到2.聚焦“对有影响”短语make/have an impact onhave an effect onhave an influence on/uponimpact on/upon make a difference to3.“不管；不顾”词语一览in spite of尽管；不管despite 尽管；不管regardless of 不管；不顾no matter 不管，无论leave alone 不管；不理(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：no比较级than同一样不 the world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be_no_more_dangerous_than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许人们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。句型2：as引导让步状语从句incredible_as_it_may_seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式a根据汉语提示写出下列单词1thinking of the days, when he was looked down upon as a poor peasant, he was in great sorrow(悲伤)2life is a series of choices and we cant always foresee(预知) the consequences.3there are many good deeds(行为) in our class, indeed in the whole school.4it is universally acknowledged(承认) that dogs have a good sense of smell.5a large number of young people are accustomed(习惯的) to ordering more food on the internet.b根据所给单词写出适当形式6his assumption(assume) about that human can clone animals has been confirmed in the end.7the past 30 years has witnessed(witness) the greatest changes in china.8her assistant was accused(accuse) of theft and arrested by the police.9we dont intend to sign any documents without consulting(consult) our lawyer.10learning to walk again after his accident required great patience(patient).语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019江苏卷)however, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.影响2(2019浙江卷6月)the beatles were described as a british invasion by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.入侵3(2019江苏卷)we assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.假设.选词成篇in spite of; at the very beginning of; make/have an impact on; be similar to; set out; accuse sb. of doing sth.; be accustomed to1at_the_very_beginning_of last term, tom 2.was_accustomed_to playing computer games. 3.in_spite_of the fact that his parents 4.accused him of not working hard, he just ignored. however, his teacher showed to him how great 5.an_impact it would have_on him if he continued playing it. with his teachers encouragement, he 6.set_out to make up for the lost time.break out; (be) aware of; make it; a series of; result in; pray forevery time a disaster 7.broke_out,_people 8.prayed_for a better world. actually, human activities in the past years have 9.resulted_in extreme disasters including 10.a_series_of heavy storms, floods and earthquakes. we need to 11.be_aware_of the importance of protecting the environment. only by doing so can we 12.make_it and live in a better world.完成句子1这两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事和那个故事一样无趣。i like neither of the two stories, for this story is no_more_interesting_than that one. 2尽管他对报酬感到不满意，但是为了获得一些工作经验他还是接受了这份工作。unsatisfied_as_he_was with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience. accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的基础练习单句语法填空for those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.not accustomed to staying(stay) up so late at night, she has to work extra hours at daytime.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)i accustom myself to living in the countryside, and i always find it hard to live in the city.(高级表达)accustoming_myself_to_living_in_the_countryside,_i always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)(1)be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.be used to (doing) sth.习惯于做某事(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人习惯于做某事 佳句背诵 once we achieve our goals, we will become accustomed very quickly to our new situation.一旦我们达成了目标，我们很快就会适应新的形势。 assumev假设，假定；认为；承担基础练习单句语法填空where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be_assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former. (2018江苏卷)try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) youve made.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)if i am chosen to be a volunteer at beijing winter olympic games, i will serve the people heart and soul.(高级表达)assuming_(that) i am chosen to be a volunteer at beijing winter olympic games, i will serve the people heart and soul.(1)assume that.假定，认为assume.to be. 认为是；假定是(2)assuming (that) 假定(作状语) (3)assumption n. 假定；假设 佳句背诵 it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。词块助记assume the worst做最坏的假设assume responsibility 承担责任 acknowledgev承认；认为；告知(收到)；确认；(公开)感谢基础练习单句语法填空a.(2019全国卷)her years of hard work have finally been_acknowledged(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be cheshires woman of the year.bgenerally acknowledged(acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country, he still lives a lowprofile life. a.with no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the ladys purse.bhe acknowledged being_defeated(defeat) publicly by his friend in the game, which made us surprised.能力提升完成句子it_is_universally_acknowledged_that(大家公认) we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(1)acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge sth./that从句 (承认)acknowledge sb.as./to be. 认为是 (常用于被动语态)(2)it is widely/universally acknowledged that. 大家公认 佳句背诵 frequent travelling is widely acknowledged to be/as the easiest way to broaden our mental horizons. 大家公认，经常旅游是开阔我们视野的最简单的方法。词块助记acknowledge my error承认错误acknowledge the greeting with a nod 点头回应了问候 consultv咨询；请教；商讨；查阅基础练习单句语法填空he often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning english.(天津卷)im a 34yearold man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant(consult)能力提升句式升级/完成句子(普通表达)after i consulted with my teacher, i made up my mind to major in english. (高级表达)having_consulted_with_my_teacher,_i made up my mind to major in english.(现在分词短语作状语) 当你阅读时很频繁的查词典是不好的。it is not good to_consult_a_dictionary too often while you are doing some reading.(1)consult with sb. 与某人商量，与某人磋商consult sb. about sth. 就某事请教/咨询某人(2)consult a dictionary/ones notes 查阅字典/笔记(3)consultant n. 顾问；会诊医生 佳句背诵 to work out the difficult maths problem, i have consulted professor russell several times.为了解出那道数学难题，我去向russell教授咨询过好几次。(陕西卷)名师点津 关于“查词典”的表达法：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up a word in a dictionary等。 accuse sb. of sth.控告/指责某人基础练习单句语法填空the boy made trouble for his teacher because he was accused of destroying property.for lack of enough evidence, the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.能力提升一句多译由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。accused_of_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court.(accuse)charged_with_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court.(charge)(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.charge sb. with (doing) sth.指责/控告某人(做)某事accuse sb. as . 控告/指责某人为(2)the accused 被告 名师点津 与accuse sb. of sth. 意义相近的短语：condemn sb. for (doing) sth.谴责某人blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人scold sb. for (doing) sth. 指责某人as引导让步状语从句(教材原句)incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2019全国卷)enviable as/though the cool kids may have seemed, dr.prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.although/though the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.child as/though he is, he has a wide range of science knowledge. 能力提升句式升级 (普通表达)although the night air was hot, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(高级表达)hot_as/though_the_night_air_was,_we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(倒装句)(陕西卷)as引导让步状语从句的常见形式：(1)可数名词单数(不加冠词)as主语be其他成分(2)副词as主语谓语动词其他成分(3)形容词as主语be其他成分(4)动词原形as主语助动词/情态动词其他成分 佳句背诵 try as you may, you wont be able to persuade him.尽管你想方设法，但你依然不能说服他。名师点津 though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1in the last three years, you had shared my joys and sorrows(sorrow), making my school life unforgettable.2(福建卷)it is widely acknowledged(acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.3what about the two cars?this one is no more_expensive(expensive) than that one. but the blue one uses less oil.4i seem to_have_seen(see) you before, but i cant remember where i saw you.5they set out to_solve(solve) the pollution problems as soon as they got to the place where the soil had been polluted.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1accustomed to playing computer games, a great many teenagers are wasting their precious time.2tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make it3so hard was the womans life, but to_her relief, her only son was admitted to a top university last year.4cheap as/though huawei mate 20 is, many people refuse to buy it because its out of date.5i dont want to be accused of tampering(篡改) with the evidence.维度三派生词练习1although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently(patient)2at first, anne totally depended on jack, her husband. after many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)3mr. black is my devoted friend. he devotes his life to doing scientific research. i respect his devotion to science.(devote)4it was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption(assume)5with the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance(advance) 维度四完成句子/句型转换1我还是要谢谢你。我自己能行。(make)thank you all the same. i can make_it_myself2大家普遍认为你是一位优秀的学生。(acknowledge)it_is_universally/widely_acknowledged_that you are an excellent student.3he referred to his notebook repeatedly during his speech.he consulted_his_notebook repeatedly during his speech.4though he ran slowly, i couldnt catch up with him.slowly_as/though_he_ran,_i couldnt catch up with him.提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)in china, people have become accustomed to 1.buying(buy) these products to lose weight. 2.assuming(assume) that they would become slim after taking some 3.advanced(advance) medicine, they have devoted lots of money to it. hard 4.as/though they tried, they still couldnt make 5.it. they are aware of being cheated gradually. so such companies were 6.accused(accuse) of using misleading advertisements in their promotion of the weightloss pills. we should set in motion to solve such bad behaviour. 7.in spite of some measures taken to settle the problem, some things remain 8.to_be_solved(solve). but we need 9.patience(patient) because achieving this needs a process. to our 10.relief(relieve), people have raised the awareness of protecting their own rights.提能二话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，打算写一篇短文介绍人类对火星的探测情况，写作要点如下：对火星了解甚少，但已开始探测，30多个探测器已到达火星；火星表面与地球表面相似，但是否有生命仍待研究。1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)太空科技在过去的十年中见证了一系列历史性的成功。space technology has_witnessed_a_series_of_historical_successes in the last decade.虽然我们对火星所知甚少，但是人类已开始探测火星。though we know little about mars, man has_set_out_to_explore mars.到目前为止，已有30多个探测器成功到达火星。so far, more than 30 probes have_made_it_to_mars尽管如此，人们公认我们应该知道更多关于火星的知识。(名词性从句)in_spite_of that, it_is_acknowledged_that we ought to know more about mars.虽然火星表面与地球的表面相似，但是火星上是否有生命取决于进一步的研究。(名词性从句)though its surface is_similar_to_that of the earth, whether_there_is_life_on_mars_depends_on further research.2升级平淡句用倒装句升级句little_though_we_know_about_mars,_man_has_set_out_to_explore_mars.3衔接成美文_one possible version：space technology has witnessed a series of historical successes in the last decade. little though we know about mars, man has set out to explore mars.so far, more than 30 probes have made it to mars. in spite of that, it is acknowledged that we ought to know more about mars. though its surface is similar to that of the earth, whether there is life on mars depends on further research. (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解a(2020大连一模)emilia dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.now a seventh grader at east prairie elementary school, dobek recently won the national discovery education lockheed martin beyond challenge by designing a space station for travelling to mars.she says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. so when her teacher andrea smeeton received information about the national challenge, smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.“i knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” smeeton said. “she immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on mars.”“my design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” dobek says.dobeks design calls for building the mss or mars storage station to put the supplies in. it also includes the sgf or selfgrowing farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on mars.then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under dobeks design. a simulator(模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on earth, such as their homes.“i want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” dobek said. “whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了小学生emilia dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。1dobek first became interested in space when _ashe was still a seventh graderbshe studied at a junior high schoolcshe lived on the top of their housedshe watched an eclipse of the moond解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“emilia dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.”可知，dobek对太空感兴趣是从她三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。2smeeton recommended that dobek take the challenge because _ashe knew dobek liked challenges in lifebshe had no other students interested in marscdobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsdshe was sure that dobek would have outstanding performanced解析：推理判断题。根据第四段smeeton的话可推知，她对dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。3what does dobek focus on when designing the space station?athe environment on mars.bthe safety of the supplies.cthe activities for astronauts.dthe comfort of the astronauts.d解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也能感到舒适。b(2020兰州高三诊断)a new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey. the change 4 lunar probe, representing chinas latest step in lunar investigation, landed at 10：26 am at the von krmn crater and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probes lander(着陆器), marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the