2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Unit 16 Stories学案 北师大版

unit 16 stories一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1victim n受害者2criteria n(pl.) (评判的)标准3architecture n. 建筑4authentic adj. 原作的，真正的5monument n. 纪念碑，纪念堂6sorrow n. 悲伤，难过7vivid adj. 生动的，逼真的8hardship n. 艰苦，困苦9tease vt. 嘲笑，取笑10superb adj. 出色的，卓越的11former adj. 以前的12precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的13sweetness n. 甜蜜，温柔14tense adj. 紧张的15clumsy adj. 笨拙的；不得体的16tiresome adj. 讨厌的，令人厌倦的.核心词汇写其形1abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃2witness v. 目击3tremble vi. 颤抖，发抖4loss n. 遗失，失去，丢失5awesome adj. 令人敬畏的6sympathy n. 同情7burst vi. 爆炸；冲，闯8specific adj. 详细的；特定的9origin n. 起源，开端；出身10severe adj. 严重的；严厉的11stubborn adj. 倔强的，固执的12complex adj. 复杂的13breakthrough n. 突破，重大发现14uncertain adj. 不确定的15awkward adj. 笨拙的；令人不舒服的16gather vi.& vt. 聚集.拓展词汇通其变1preserve vt.保护，保存preservation n保护，保存2occur vi.发生occurrence n发生3particularly adv.特别地；特定地particular adj.特别的；特定的；特有的4significance n重要性，意义significant adj.重要的，重大的；影响深远的5discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心discouraging adj.令人沮丧的discouraged adj.失去信心的discouragement n泄气encouragement n鼓励(反义词)6suffering n痛苦，困难suffer v遭受；患(某种病)7admirable adj.令人钦佩的，极佳的admire vt.佩服，称赞admiration n佩服，称赞8restriction n限制，约束restrict vt.限制，约束restricted adj.有限的，受限制的restrictive adj.受限的9unbearable adj.不能忍受的bearable adj.可忍受的(反义词)bear v忍耐10eager adj.渴望的，热衷的eagerly adv.渴望地eagerness n渴望11expand v扩大，扩充expansion n扩大；膨胀12warmth n温暖warm adj.温暖的warmly adv.温暖地13abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的normal adj.正常的，通常的(反义词)normally adv.通常，一般14applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌applause n鼓掌15apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的apparently adv.显然地1.“价值”形容词知多少precious 宝贵的，珍贵的valuable 有价值的worth 有价值的worthy 有价值的priceless 无价的worthless/valueless 无价值的2.后缀“some”形容词集锦troublesome引起麻烦的handsome 英俊的awesome 令人敬畏的boresome 烦人的fearsome 可怕的tiresome 讨厌的3.趣味“合成词”荟萃breakthrough n突破，重大发现pickpocket n. 扒手daybreak n. 破晓sunrise n. 日出bathroom n. 浴室webpage n. 网页(二)重点短语记牢用活1come_into_view出现2knock_sb.over 撞倒某人3once_upon_a_time 从前4block_out 堵住5in_a_way 从某种程度上说6on_ones_side 侧身7split_up (使)解散；决裂8name.after 以的名字给某人/某物命名9come_across 偶然遇见，偶然发现10hold_up 支撑起；延误，推迟11count_on 依靠12figure_out 理解13end_up 以结束，以告终14put_up_with 容忍，忍受15in_particular 特别，尤其16refer_to 查阅；提到；涉及；提交17on_the_way_to 在去的路上18pay_rise 增加工资1.“v.out”短语万花筒try out尝试run out 用完work out 算出；解决；锻炼figure out 算出；理解leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑pick out 挑选；区别出2.“inn.”结构荟萃in case以防万一in danger 处于危险中in short/brief 总而言之in vain 徒劳的in particular 特别，尤其in relief 如释重负3.“v.up”短语联想split up(使)解散；决裂set up 建立end up 以结束，以告终pay up 付清cut up 切碎link up 联合，连接(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：as if引导表语从句another man, lying on his side, looks as_if he is trying to get up.躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。句型2：now that意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句now_that helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。句型3：unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句her words puzzled me very much because i did not then understand anything unless i touched it.她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。句型4：it is/was序数词time (that).it_was_the_first_time helen had_understood such a complex worda word for something she couldnt touch.这是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂的词一个她触摸不到的东西的含义。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1(2018全国卷)some of us were confident and eager(渴望的) to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.2the plot in this novel is so complex(复杂的) that many people cant understand it well.3it would be irresponsible of me not to advise my company to abandon(放弃) this project.4i was so heavily overweight that i suffered a lot from my awkward(尴尬的) appearance.5(2018全国卷)our school has witnessed(目击) great changes in the last few years.6according to the law, the sale of alcohol is restricted(restrict) to people under the age of 18.7(全国卷)when i handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst(burst) into tears.8(2017全国卷)for many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving(preserve) their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.9he searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.10it is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1please give a warm welcome to our guests.if we say “hello” to them warmly,_they will sense the warmth from our smile.(warm)2we should give the students much encouragement,_for they will get discouraged when criticized too often.but now we should focus on discouraging them from smoking.(discourage)3its hard to try to work in such a restricted space and the conditions restrict the childrens chances for play, so many people think life here is too restrictive(restrict)4the girl is eager to know something about the star.now she is waiting eagerly outside the hall, from whose face we can see the eagerness(eager)5she is not rich, but she is particular about her clothes. she likes red coats particularly(particular).选词成篇on ones side; hold oneself up; come across; put up with; now that; figure outone cold winter day, i 1.came_across an old man lying 2.on_his_side on the road. it seemed that he couldnt 3hold_himself_up. perhaps he couldnt 4.put_up_with the cold weather. 5.now_that i saw him, i decided to help him whether i 6.figured_out what happened to him or e into view; knock over; block out; in particular; on the way to7on_the_way_to the supermarket, an ambulance 8.came_into_view and many people surrounded it. the road was 9.blocked_out. i stopped to find what had happened.i was told that an old lady had been 10.knocked_over by a truck when crossing the road. she was badly hurt, 11.in_particular in her legs, but she still could put up with the pain. immediately she was sent to the nearest hospital.完成句子1这个留着长头发的年轻男子看起来好像是个女人。the young man with long hair looks as if he_were_a_woman2既然大家都来了，让我们开始会议吧。now_that/since_everyone_is_here,_lets begin our meeting.3除非被邀请，否则他是不会回公司的。unless_invited,_he will not come back to the company.4这是你第二次迟到了。it was the second time that you had_come/been late. abandonvt.抛弃；离弃；放弃；停止做(某事)n放纵，放任；尽情基础练习单句语法填空a.(2017全国卷)however, these plans were_abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems.b(2018全国卷) wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.(2018天津卷) i will never abandon reaching(reach) the top of the “mountain” because i want to be successful in life.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)he abandoned_himself_to_playing_computer_games(沉迷于玩电脑游戏) and didnt pass the exam.(高级表达)abandoning_himself_to_playing_computer_games,_he didnt pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语)(高级表达)abandoned_to_playing_computer_games，he didnt pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语)(1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事abandon oneself to doing sth. 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事(2)with abandon 纵情；放任地(3)abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的佳句背诵 at the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。词块助记 an abandoned farm废弃的农场abandon an animal 遗弃动物abandon the match because of rain 因为下雨中止了比赛 preservevt.保护；维护；保存(使免受破坏)；保留n保护区基础练习单句语法填空the society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs(should)_be_preserved(preserve) and handed down one generation after another.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)because they are wellpreserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life.(高级表达)wellpreserved_in_the_nature_preserve,_pandas live a happy life.(分词作状语)(1)preserve.from.保护免受(2)nature preserve 自然保护区(3)wellpreserved adj. 保存良好的 佳句背诵 it is well known that shennongjia is one of the beautiful nature preserves, attracting thousands of visitors every day.众所周知，神农架是一个美丽的自然保护区，每天吸引成千上万的游客。名师点津 “一字”之差：(1)preserve vt.保护；维护(2)reserve v保留；储备；预定 witnessvt.当场见到；目击n目击者；证人；证据基础练习单句语法填空(上海卷)the late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of chinas economy.what the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.能力提升完成句子(2018全国卷)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。we_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school，and we are growing together.(1)witness sth./that.目击witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的证人/证明 佳句背诵 our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。 occurvi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生基础练习单句语法填空a perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming teachers day.a.the accident is reported to_have_occurred(occur) on the first sunday in february.bin the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the us.it never occurred to her to_ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.能力提升一句多译他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。it_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.it_hit/struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事it occurs to sb.that. 某人突然想起it occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。 名师点津 (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。(3)表达“某人突然想起”的句型还有：sth. hits/strikes sb.it hits/strikes sb. that从句sb. comes up with sth. burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发基础练习单句语法填空i was teaching foreigners to learn beijing opera when a group of pupils burst_inhe burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.能力提升完成句子/句式升级看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。(普通表达)when she saw her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (高级表达)seeing_her_classmates_burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying(burst out；分词作状语)(1)突然哭起来/笑起来(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒(4)a burst of 一阵佳句背诵 when the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。名师点津 (1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。 discouragev阻止；打消的念头基础练习单句语法填空a.(2017浙江卷6月)move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. dont get discouraged(courage)binstead of seeing the setback as something discouraging_(discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.(湖南卷)do not let any failures discourage(courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.能力提升完成句子parents should encourage_their_children_to_overcome_difficulties(鼓励他们的孩子克服困难) and inspire them to develop by themselves.we tried to discourage_him_from_climbing_the_mountain(阻止他爬山) without a guide.(1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事； 使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouraging adj. 令人泄气的；令人沮丧的(3)encourage vt. 鼓励encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 佳句背诵 he tried to balance his study and rest and find the way to get out of difficult situation because he believed nothing could discourage him from pursuing his dream.他试着平衡学习和休息， 找到走出困境的方法， 因为他相信没有什么可以使他失去追逐梦想的信心。 eageradj.渴望的，热衷的基础练习单句语法填空the new president is eager that the project (should)_be_started(start) early.“so what do you think will happen？”he asked eagerly(eager)(浙江卷)believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to_see(see) you do well.能力提升一句多译我的朋友工作一直很努力，渴望得到老板的赞许。my friend，who has been working hard，is_eager_for her bosss approval.eager_for_her_bosss_approval，my friend has been working hard.(形容词短语作状语)(1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事be eager for sth. 急于得到某物be eager that. 渴望从句中常用虚拟语气：(should)动词原形(2)eagerly adv. 渴望地 佳句背诵 the staff will be eager to help you through every step of the job search process.那里的员工会很热心地指导你求职中的每个步骤。 expandvt.扩大，扩充，增加；细谈；详述基础练习单句语法填空his modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.the professor will expand on this point in the next chapter.expanding(expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.their expanding(expand) business became a large corporation in 2017.the industry has just gone through a period of rapid expansion(expand)(1)expand into(使)扩大成expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明(2)expansion n. 扩大expanding adj. 扩大的；扩展的 佳句背诵 as your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.随着眼界不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。 in a way从某一角度看；在某种程度上基础练习用way的相关短语填空in_a_way,_the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.mrs. smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in_the_way whenever she tries to.he decided that he would drive all_the_way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.能力提升完成句子只有这样他们才能独立成长、真正成功。only_in_this_way_can_they_grow_up to be independent and become truly successful.all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道；妨碍in this way 用这种方法in no way 一点也不；决不(放在句首须部分倒装)on the way to. 在去途中 佳句背诵 in a way, im glad that you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.从某一角度看，我很高兴你犯了那个错误，因为这对你是个警告。 come across偶然遇见基础练习单句语法填空(2017天津卷)it was when i got back to my apartment that i first came across my new neighbors.i really dont know how it came about that she was fired by her boss.it is said that the singers new album will come out in two months.能力提升句型转换when they were having a heated discussion, a creative plan came up at the meeting.when they were having a heated discussion, someone came_up_with a creative plan at the e about发生come out 出版；出来；开花come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提及come up with 想出；提出 佳句背诵 look around and appreciate excellence whenever you come across it, and learn what you can from it.环顾四周，每当你碰到优秀的都要欣赏它，并从中学习。名师点津表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：(1)run into; (2)run across；(3)knock into; (4)meet with hold up举起；延误，阻滞；支撑一词多义写出下列句中hold up的含义hold up your right hand. now, count down from ten, starting with your thumb.举起there are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.支撑i missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was held up in the traffic jam.延误能力提升完成句子can you hold_on(别挂电话)? ill see if the manager is in the office.im sure my dream will come true as long as i hold_on_to(坚持) it.hold back阻止；抑制；隐瞒hold on 坚持住；等一下(别挂断)hold on to 抓紧；保持；不放弃hold out 伸出；维持；保持 佳句背诵 the fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.如果任何一方能控制住怒火的话，这场争斗本来是可以避免的。 refer to查阅，参考；谈到，提起；涉及，指的是一词多义写出下列句中refer to的含义(2019全国卷)the trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.指的是if necessary, you may refer to your notes while making a speech.查阅the scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.提到能力提升完成句子/句式升级任正非被称为中国最优秀的企业家之一。新闻里提到的那个人就是他。ren zhengfei is_referred_to_as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in china. the person referred_to in the news is him.the person_referred_to_in_the_news_is_ren_zhengfei,_who_is_referred_to_as_one_of_the_greatest_entrepreneurs_in_china(过去分词短语作定语和非限制性定语从句)(1)refer to.as.将称为(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅佳句背诵 youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.你最好把那家餐厅的号码写下来，以备日后参考。(江西卷)dont always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.当遇到生词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。名师点津 “查词典”，表达方式却不同： refer to a dictionary, look sth.up in the dictionary。 put up with容忍；忍受基础练习用put的相关短语填空a suggestion has been put_forward that we should recycle the textbooks.we are trying to put_aside some money every month for our vacation.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)hell have to find some other work for he cant stand/bear this loud noise any more.(高级表达)hell have to find some other work for he cant put_up_with/tolerate this loud noise any more.put aside 节省；储蓄；储存put away 收起来put forward 提出建议；把向前拨put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；扑灭put up 提出；推荐；留某人住下 佳句背诵 in that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.那样，我们就不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并努力试图发现他的优点。 now that意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句(教材p11)now that helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。能力提升完成句子既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。now_that_youve_grown_up，you can make up your mind by yourself.(2017全国卷)既然你知道为什么你想醒来，考虑重新安排早上的活动吧。now_that_you_know_why_you_want_to_wake_up,_consider rearranging your morning activities.now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，that可以省略。 佳句背诵 now that there are many choices in life, one does not have to stare at one place and do one thing.既然现在已经有好多种人生选择了，一个人大可不必非得死盯在一个地方，死做一件事情。now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball.既然你已经完成了家庭作业，你就可以打篮球了。 unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句(教材p11)her words puzzled me very much be