2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Unit 19 Language练习 北师大版

unit 19 language课时练12篇阅读1篇七选五1篇完形.阅读理解a(2020北京房山区高三模拟)gabriellas family immigrated to the us from peru when she was two years old. as a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both english and spanish. her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning english in school, spanish at home. finally, gabriellas parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. it seems that the difference may not be apparent. but recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. its well known that the brains left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. language involves both types of functions. critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. but a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. it does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didnt have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, its never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “hello” to “hola” “bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。1why is gabriellas family used as the example in paragraph 1?ato show that the family are bilinguals.bto explain the advantages of bilinguals.cto illustrate the three types of bilinguals.dto prove all ages can learn foreign languages.c解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故c项正确。2why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?abecause they learn languages with a set of concepts.bbecause they use both hemispheres to learn languages.cbecause their mother tongue doesnt influence them much.dbecause they can easily translate one language into another.b解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故b项正确。3which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in paragraph 3?adisease.bdisability.cdisadvantage. dillness.c解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与c项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故c项正确。4what can we infer from the text?athe left brain is more important for language learning.blearning languages can promote the brain development.cthe proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.dimmigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.b解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“but a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. it does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑的发展，故b项正确。b(2020郑州高三第二次质量预测)thomas cheatham had planned to study latin during his time at hebron high school in texas. but when he learned that the school district was going to offer a mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.“i thought mandarin would be more beneficial than latin，” said cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.he speaks mandarin to order food at chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his chinesespeaking friends. while its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “chinese is a good language to know, especially with china becoming a growing power，” he said.many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give american students an edge in the global economy.“people are looking at china as our next economic competitor, and interest in mandarin is growing fast，” said marty abbott, director of the american council on the teaching of foreign languages. “were seeing it in all parts of the country.”abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying mandarin in public and private schools throughout the us. she said the us government has designated(指定) mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” abbott added.at the same time, the chinese government is spreading knowledge of the chinese language and culture through confucius institutes set up in many us states. for example, the confucius institute at the university of texas at dallas has been the home of a confucius institute for 10 years. it sponsors confucius classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning mandarin.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。5why did thomas cheatham decide to study mandarin instead of latin?amandarin was easier to learn than latin.bmandarin could be helpful to his future career.cmandarin might help him learn more about china.dmandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.b解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“while its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，thomas cheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。6the underlined word “edge” in paragraph 4 probably means “_”aa slight advantage bthe outside limitca sharp tone of voice dan exciting qualitya解析：词义猜测题。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“chinese is a good language to know, especially with china becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与a项含义相近。7which of the following statements might marty abbott agree with?amandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the us.bthose skilled at chinese will be the most competitive in the future.cthe us governments policy has helped popularize mandarin in the us.damericans learn mandarin because they worry about their economic security.c解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在marty abbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。8what does the author mainly talk about in this passage?athe rising popularity of mandarin among american students.bthe great benefits of learning mandarin for american students.cthe influence of chinas growing power on american education.dthe effect of confucius institutes in promoting mandarin in the us.a解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选a。.七选五(2020郑州一中摸底测试) teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.reach out to others, but start small. a smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria wont make you best friends. 1._ it also can make it easier to interact the next time.find a safe place to make connections. if going to the school dance makes you feel like you just dont belong, try joining a special interest group. maybe its the drama club or the marching band. 2._find other ways of making connections. lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3._ teach a child reading. take notes for a disabled classmate. you might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.4_ loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. thats why its important to know how to select a friend. the best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.you get what you expect, so expect the best. if you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.5_ it goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.abut it will make you both feel pretty good.bso consider becoming a volunteer.csome teens arent so adaptable, however.dencourage people to be friendlier to you.echoose the right people.ffor most young people, loneliness is only temporary.glook for a group that allows you to ease gradually.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。1a解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“it also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以a项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。2g解析：根据上文“find a safe place to make connections. if going to the school dance makes you feel like you just dont belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选g项。3b解析：根据上文“sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故b项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“teach a child reading. take notes for a disabled classmate.”。4e解析：根据下文“loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. thats why its important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选e项。5f解析：由空后的“it goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选f项。.完形填空(2020信阳高三调研)in a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. his eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon _1_ forever. heartbroken, i said, “flash, you _2_ so much happiness to me. i will do something good as a _3_”flash came into my _4_ when i was nine. from the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he _5_ my family with joy.then, _6_ happened. my mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when i was 11. then my grandma, who was my _7_， passed away. my sister developed crohns disease and while being tested, _8_ a heart attack. i was being bullied at school and started to _9_ classes and avoid seeing people.flash soon gave me all the _10_ he could offer. there were times when i felt there was no _11_， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. i knew he was _12_ there for me. i knew he understood.now after 15 years, flash was _13_. i thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. i _14_ in a nonprofit organization in southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to _15_ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. i learned to love the _16_ i had been on, and even accept the _17_ bits.i still miss flash. it was him that had somehow _18_ me to help others. flashs death was one of the _19_ moments of my life. but it was also an inspiring moment that _20_ who i wasin the best possible wayforever.【解题导语】陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。1a.open bclosecshine dfadeb解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选b。2a.brought btoldcsaved doweda解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选a。3a.relief bchancecbonus drewardd解析：根据第五段中的“i thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选d。4a.mind broomcworld dpowerc解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，flash进入“我”的世界。故选c。5a.helped bfilledcprotected ddecoratedb解析：根据语境可知，flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选b。6a.disasters bstoriescwonders dmistakesa解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选a。7a.burden btroublecstrength dchallengec解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选c。8a.caused bnoticedcfought dsufferedd解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选d。9a.skip bgivectake denjoya解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选a。10a.comment bcomfortcexpectation drelaxationb解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“i knew he understood.”可知，flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选b。11a.hope btimecmoney dusea解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选a。12a.frequently bsometimeschardly dalwaysd解析：根据上文可知，flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选d。13a.aging bgonecmissing ddesertedb解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，flash去世了。故选b。14a.searched bcompetedcvolunteered dperformedc解析：根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选c。15a.attending to bmeeting withctalking about dbringing upa解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选a。a项意为“照料”。16a.earth bjourneycholiday dstreetb解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选b。17a.fantastic babsurdchard dpleasantc解析：参见上题解析。18a.led bforcedctrained dpersuadeda解析：根据空前一句“i still miss flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选a。19a.fullest bcraziestctiniest dsaddestd解析：根据第一段中的“heartbroken”可知，flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选d。20a.explained btransformedcadmitted ddescribedb解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选b。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空.阅读理解a(2020合肥重点高中摸底)most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. however, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. for example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dogs mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owners voice or gesture? a new study by scientists at atlantas emory university seems to indicate that “mans best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.the researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. the owners then tested their dogs language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadnt seen before.the scans suggested that the parts of the dogs brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. while that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. the researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.something even more interesting was that the dogs brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. this is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. the researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says emory neuroscientist gregory berns, senior author of the study.however, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “when people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because thats what we humans prefer，” prichard says. “from the dogs view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。1whats the purpose of the new study?ato convince dog owners to understand their dogs.bto advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.cto prove dogs follow owners order by listening.dto test out how dogs get information from owners.d解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“a new study by scientists at atlantas emory university seems to indicate that mans best friend does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故d项正确。2what does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?ainform the result of the research.bstate the process of the research.cstress the importance of the research.dintroduce the subjects of the research.b解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“the researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故b项正确。3how do human brains and dog brains react to words?ahuman brains become active in unfamiliar words.bdog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.chuman brains are not sensitive to familiar words.ddog brains show no response to familiar words.b解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“something even more interesting.this is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, whic