医学英语论文摘要写作模板PPT课件

.,1,AbstractwritingByShaojiaqing,.,2,国际医学杂志编辑委员会ICMJE,生物医学杂志投稿统一要求UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals(URMSBJ),.,3,医学科研论文的格式,医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分：（1）标题（title）（2）摘要（abstract）（3）引言（introduction）（4）材料和方法（materialsandmethods）（5）结果（results）（6）讨论（discussion）（7）致谢（acknowledgement）（8）参考文献（references）,.,4,一、标题,（一）要求1简明扼要（shortandconcise）（1）尽量控制在一行，但不是一个句子（2）不超过25个单词或120-140个字母（3）除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写2信息丰富(informative)3便于索引（indexing）4较长标题可采用副标题,.,5,标题通常为名词短语一般不包含谓语动词疑问句时，可以使用谓语动词。,（二）标题写作中注意点,.,6,（二）标题写作中常用词组和表达方式,1用（方法手段）对进行研究分析观察评价：Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)(by)using方法/with工具）Invivostudyofpituitaryenlargementinnormalpregnancyusingmagneticresonanceimaging2A对B的作用EffectofAonBProtectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury3A与B的关系Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandBCorrelationofAwithBandCPositivecorrelationofCD44v6expressionwithinvasionandmetastasisofgastriccancer,.,7,（二）标题写作中常用词组和表达方式,4用治疗Useofinthetreatmentof(病）in（生物）Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcer5A是BAasBC-reactiveproteinasapredictorofmyocardialinfarctioninICUpatients.,.,8,title写作举例,Retinalarteriolarchangeisanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.Retinalarteriolarchangeasanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.,.,9,title写作举例,PreliminaryexperienceinusinghighdoseofmethotrexatetotreatALL.Highdosemethotrexatetherapyinacutelymphocyticleukemia,.,10,title写作举例,AstudyoftherelationshipbetweenthecontentofpotassiumindietandbloodpressureDietpotassiumandbloodpressure,.,11,title写作举例,Aretrospectivestudyon170consecutivecasesofabdominalpainintheemergencyroomAbdominalpainintheemergencyroom:Retrospectivestudyon170consecutivecases,.,12,title写作举例,UseMRItoconductaninvivostudyontheenlargementofthepituitaryglandduringnormalpregnancyPituitaryglandenlargementduringnormalpregnancy:Aninvivostudyusingmagneticresonanceimaging,.,13,title写作举例,Apreliminarystudyondoses,durationandsideeffectsofVitamineDinpreventionofcoloncancerVitamineDandpreventionofcoloncancer:Doses,durationandsideeffects,.,14,title写作举例,AcasereportofSLEappearingpancreatitisandreviewofliteraturesPancreatitisinsystemiclupuserythematosus(SLE):Acasereportandreviewoftheliterature,.,15,title写作举例,Ischronicabdominalpainasurgicalsymptomorapsychiatricsymptom?Chronicabdominalpain:Asurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?Leptin:Anindependentriskfactorofinsulinresistance?,.,16,Reducedplasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorinacutecoronarysyndromepatientswithvulnerableplaque伴有不稳定性斑块的急性冠脉综合征患者血浆组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂下降,Reducedplasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorasapredictorofvulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome血浆组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂下降是急性冠脉综合征患者不稳定性斑块的预测指标,修改后：,Relationshipbetweentissuetypeplasminogenactivatorandcoronaryvulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome,原题目：,.,17,StudiesonInvestigationonPreliminaryobservationonThesignificanceofAcasereportof,不要使用无意义的词,.,18,ExperimentstudyontheeffectofSheng-Maiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragmanditsmechanism,EffectofSheng-Maiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragminrats,StudyonthedetectionhostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccinebyflowcytometry,HostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccineanalyzedbyflowcytometryinmice,VII.英文题目,修改后：,原题目：,修改后：,原题目：,.,19,Abstract,目的（objective/purpose/aim）方法（materialsandmethods）结果（results）结论（conclusion）,.,20,论文摘要的作用：,“Thefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper.Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper.”URMSBJ,.,21,.,22,.,23,摘要写作中的注意事项,冠词。主要是定冠词the易被漏用。the用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则，即当我们用the时，听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如：Themachineisoperatedwith(the)solarenergy.,.,24,摘要写作中的注意事项,1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.Ivebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物:如：thedollar美元;thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人;theliving生者。,.,25,摘要写作中的注意事项,5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。ThatstheverythingIvebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国,.,26,摘要写作中的注意事项,9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，country)inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre,.,27,摘要写作中的注意事项,目录、标题中通常省略冠词图、表的题目中有时可省略冠词化学药品、化学物质前通常不加冠词图的横、纵坐标轴的名称前一般不加冠词,.,28,数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词，如：Threehundredarecollected中的Threehundred不要写成300.单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。,摘要写作中的注意事项,.,29,datumdatabacteriumbacteriamediummediacriterioncriteriamitochondrionmitochondrianucleusnucleianalysisanalysesdiagnosisdiagnoses,摘要写作中的注意事项,.,30,.,31,.,32,摘要中时态的应用：,1）目的：背景介绍：一般现在时或现在完成时；目的说明：一般现在时，现在完成时，或一般过去时。2）材料、方法和结果：一律用一般过去时。过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点时间之前发生的情况,例“Attheendofpregnancy,thehypophysishadincreased2.6mminvertical”。3）结论：凡陈述研究的材料、方法和结果时，一律用过去时；分析结果或发现的原因时，或者提出结论性意见时，如果作者认为具有普遍意义，可用现在时；如果作者认为自己的分析或结论只限于本研究范围或者仅是一种可能性，则用一般过去时。,.,33,一、目的objective/aim/purpose/goal(s),一、目的构成（1）目的（2）背景目的二、目的常用时态（1）背景：一般现在时、现在完成时（2）目的：一般现在时，现在完成时，或一般过去时举例：（1）Toevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.（2）TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.,.,34,目的中描述背景常用句型,表否定remainunclearTheimpactofonisnotclearlyunderstood.Theroleofinisunclear,butthedetailsareunclearItisunclear/unknownwhether.Thereis/hasbeenlittleinformationregarding/about/concerning,.,35,目的中描述背景常用句型,表争议remaincontroversialequivocaldebatableThemanagementofiscontroversialTherearecontroversiesover/havebeenconflictingresultson,.,36,目的中描述背景常用句型,表肯定StudieshaveshownthatdemonstrateddocumentedIthasbeensuggestedthatisbelievedhypothesizedpostulatedassumed,.,37,目的中描述背景常用句型,表可能maycontributedtobeassociatedwithberelatedto,.,38,目的中介绍目的常用句型,A一般过去时、被动语态ThepurposeofthisstudywastoaiminvestigationgoalobjectiveThisstudywasdesignedtoundertakentoperformedtoconductedtocarriedouttointendedto,.,39,举例,Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury3Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndromeOurobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancerAnexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate,.,40,目的中介绍目的常用句型,B动词不定式短语Toevaluatetheuseofinvestigatetheeffectonstudyhow.examineobserveexploreanalyzedetermine,.,41,目的中介绍目的常用句型,B动词不定式短语Todemonstratetestproveexplainelucidateestablishdevelopsearchforsetout,.,42,举例,Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury,.,43,目的中介绍目的常用句型,C一般过去时、主动语态We（theauthors）conductedastudytoaimedtoattemptedtoTodetermine，westudiedInanattemptto，wecarriedoutastudyinorderto，seek-sought探求、寻求举例：Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.,.,44,方法(MaterialsandMethods),.,45,描述方法常用句型,方法部分（1）研究设计：Prospective,Retrospective,Cohort，Case-control，invivo,invitro（2）研究对象的特性（3）干预或处理方法（4）测定或观察方法,.,46,描述方法常用句型,一、研究对象的选择、来源及标准1纳入研究：wererecruited/enrolledin/selected(randomly)/included/assignedtoPatientsparticipatedin/underwent举例：Atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived2排除或退出研究：wereexcludedfromparticipation，withdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto举例：Patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded.,.,47,描述方法常用句型,二、研究对象的分组1weredividedinto/classifiedinto2werestratified/classifiedinto3weredividedrandomly4wererandomizedinto5weredividedequallyinto举例：Patientsweredividedintothreegroups:Group1Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,.,48,描述方法常用句型,三、年龄1某一年龄a50-year-oldpatientapatientaged50yearsapatientat50yearsofageapatientattheageof50yearsapatientattheageof50yearsold,.,49,描述方法常用句型,2在某年龄范围内及平均年龄举例：Patientsrangeinagefromto,withameanof(50years)aged40to50yearspatients(age263years),.,50,描述方法常用句型,3在某一年龄以上或以下Over/after/morethanUnder/below/lessthan举例：Patientsmorethan50years.Patientsunder/lessthan50years.,.,51,描述方法常用句型,四、性别、时间1性别twelvepatients(7menand5women)twelvepatients(7maleand5female)Themale-to-femaleratiowas1:4SDratsofbothsex/eithersex,.,52,描述方法常用句型,2时间Bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,andliverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks.,.,53,描述方法常用句型,五、诊断、治疗、检查1诊断bediagnosedashavingbediagnosedasby/with2治疗betreatedwith(aloneorincombinationwith)betreatedonoutpatient/inpatientbasis(patients)wereassignedto(differenttreatment),.,54,描述方法常用句型,（1）Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,（2）50patientswithactivebleedingduodenalulcerwererandomlyassignedtoreceiveoneofthefourtreatmentregimens.,.,55,描述方法常用句型,3、检查方法wasperformed（used）in(on)patients我们对患者施行（应用）了(patients)underwentendoscopy(患者)进行了内镜检查,.,56,描述方法常用句型,Using(technique)，westudied我们用(技术)研究了was(were)measuredusing(我们)用测定了was(were)analyzed（reviewed）by(我们)用分析（回顾）了was(were)treatedwith(我们)用治疗了,.,57,结果(Results),.,58,描述结果常用句型,A一般句型Theresultsshowedthat结果表明demonstratedrevealedindicatedsuggestedItwasfound/observedthat(我们)发现Wefound/observedthat,.,59,描述结果常用句型,A一般句型举例：TheresultsshowedthatDopplertechniquewas79percentsensitive,56percentspecificand63percentaccurate.,.,60,描述结果常用句型,B增加或减少增加或减少（1）表示数值增加的动词：increase,rise,elevate（2）表示数值增加的名词：increase,increment,elevation（3）表示数值减少的动词：decrease,reduce,fall,drop,decline,lower（4）表示数值减少的名词：decrease,decrement,reduction,fall,drop,decline,lowering,.,61,描述结果常用句型,B增加或减少decreasedby(40)降低(40)(a70)reductioninwasobserved观察到降低(70)Therewasa(15)elevationin增高(15)resultedin(amarked)increasein导致(明显)增高wasloweredfromto从下降到,.,62,描述结果常用句型,B增加或减少倍数比较（1）增加或减少3倍：increasedby3fold(times).a3-foldincrease（2）A是B的3倍：Awas3fold(times)asasB.Awas3fold(times)B,.,63,描述结果常用句型,C相关AwaspositivelyrelatedtoBcloselyassociatedwithcorrelatedwithTherewasasignificantstrongrelationship/correlationbetweenAandB.TherewasacloserelationofAwithBandCAnegativecorrelationwasfoundbetweenand发现与呈负相关表示相互关系的常用词还有relationship(关系)，association(联系),.,64,描述结果常用句型,C相关举例：Insulinsensitivityindexwasnegativelyassociatedwithbloodvelocity(r=0.530,P0.05),bodymassindex(r=o.563,P0.01)andbaselineinsulinemia(r=0.489,P0.05).（2）SignificantdifferenceswerenotnotedinthelevelofHDLcholesterol,andLDLpeakparticlediameterbeforeandaftertreatment,.,67,描述结果常用句型,E表示改善或保持demonstratedasignificantimprovementin方面呈明显改善动词：improve/ameliorate/relieve/attenuate/mitigate名词：improvement/amelioration/relief/attenuation/mitigationvaluesreturnedto(preoperative)levels值恢复到(手术前)水平remainedatameanof保持在,.,68,结论Conclusion,.,69,.,70,描述结论常用句型,A常用句型Theseresultssuggestthat结果提示Thesefindingsindicatethat这些发现表明Theresultssupporttheconceptthat结果支持的概念Ourobservationsconfirmthat我们的观察证实imply(提示)，demonstrate(证明)和illu