文体学五种文体PPT课件

.,1,FiveLevelsofDegreesofFormality,.,2,IntroductionDefinitionFeaturesExample,.,3,Introduction,MartinJoosclassificationofdegreesofformalityinhisbookTheFiveClocks(1962)isoffivelevels:frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.,.,4,Frozenstyle,Definition:Frozenstyleisusedbyprofessionalspeakersforpublicpurposes,suchaslegaldocumentsregulations,formalceremonies.Features:A.Fixedformandstuctureasiffrozen.B.Oftenusedonhightlysignificantoccasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,courtoflaw.C.Archaicwords,formalandbigexpressions,longandcomplexsentences.,.,5,Example,Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappinessDeclarationofIndependence,.,6,Formalstyle,Definition:Formalstyleisusedbeforealargeaudiencesuchasformallectures,inauguraladdressofpresidentelect,scientificreports.Features:A.Tightlystructuredandwell-planned,nofragments,norepetitionandsecondthought.B.Vocabularytechnical,variedconsciously.C.Clearandcarefulpronunciation.D.Differentsentencestructures.,.,7,Example,Thankyouverymuch,Mr.Mayor.Iappreciateyourkindwordsofintroduction.Andweredelightedtobeheretoday.MywifeandIareprivilegedtohavetheopportunityonceagaintotravelinChina.USVicePresidentsSpeechatFudanUniversity,.,8,Consultativestyle,Definition:Consultativestyleisusedforconductingmostbusinessmatters,suchastalkingwithstrangers,buyingthingsinashop,askingthewayinthesreet.Features:A.Thisvatietyreflectsthemostbasicandcommonfeaturesamong5varieties.B.Sentencesarenottoolong,wordsareplainandareoftenarrangedinnormalorder.C.Somegrammaticalphenomenanotpreferredlikeparticiplesusedasadverbials.D.Novariationindiction.E.Sentencesoftenbeginwith:well,but,so.,.,9,Example,WheresVanBummel,theshoolmaster?Hewentofftothewartoo,wasthegreatmilitiageneral,andisnowinCongress.RipVanWinkle,.,10,Casualstyle,Definition:Casualstyleisthelanguageusedforsituationsinwhichnosocialbarriersarefeltbytheparticipants.Itisthelanguageusedamongfriendsacquaintances,insiders,andpeoplewithsharedknowledge.Fatures:A.Firstnameingreeting,noformaltitle.B.Oftenusesfragments,contractions,slang.C.Oftenusedinmorerelaxedsituationasindomitory.D.Thereisagreatervariationfromregiontoregion,fromonesocialgrouptoanotherthanformalandotherstyles.,.,11,Example,Ivetriedit,anditdontwork;itdontwork,Tom.Itaintforme.Thewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabell-everythingssoawfulreglarabodycantstandit.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,.,12,Intimatestyle,Definition:Intimatestyleisthelanguageusedamongmembersofthefamilybetweenhusbandandwife,amongveryclosefriends,oramongaparticulargroupofpeoplewithparticularlysharedknowledge,suchasschoolboys,armysoldiers,orcriminals.Features:A.Likethecasual,theintimateisrarelywritten.B.Grammarisreducedtoabareminimum.C.Pronunciationisslurreedasagreatdealofnonverbalcommunicationwitheye-brows,shoulders,andfacialexpressionsreplacetheverbals.D.Sincetheusersknowverywell,thereisnoneedforcarefulplanning.,.,13,Ex