2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained课后达标检测 牛津译林版必修2

unit 1 tales of the unexplained课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解a(2020马鞍山质量预测)if youve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “mans best friend”. but a dogs life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.why not make a clone of that dog then? this is the solution offered by a south korean company, sooam biotech research foundation. the company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for us customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. now, sooam biotech has introduced its business to uk dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.to clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. researchers then replace the dna in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫) of a female dog. the egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.the whole process takes a very short time, but it comes at a shockingly high pricearound 63，000. but if you cant afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.however, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same dna but there will still be small differences between them. “the spots on a dalmatian(斑点狗) clone will be different, for example，” insung hwang, head of sooam biotech, told the guardian.dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”. apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, professor tom kirkwood at newcastle university, uk, told the telegraph.perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “an important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。1what service does sooam biotech research foundation offer?amaking copies of pet dogs.bgiving pet dogs identical twins.chelping dogs give birth to more puppies.dhelping dog owners love their dogs more.a解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“now, sooam biotech has introduced its business to uk dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.”可知，这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗，故选a。2which order is correct in the dog cloning process?aan egg is taken from another dog.ba skin cell is taken from the pet dog.cthe egg grows into a puppy in two months.dthe egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.ethe dna in the egg is replaced by the dna from the skin cell.aadbecbaebdc.cbadec.dbaedc.d解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子，将卵子中的dna替换成皮肤细胞中的dna之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗，故选d。3what can we learn about dog cloning from the passage?ait has not been put into practice until recently.bit is very popular among us and uk pet owners.cit might not give the owners an exactly same dog.dit is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.c解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“however, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样，故选 c。4what does kirkwood think of dog cloning?ahe disagrees with it.bhe supports it.che is curious about it.dhe thinks it unbelievable.a解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段kirkwood说的话“an important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。由此可推知，kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗，故选a。b(2020黄山高三模拟)robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. they are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. as increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.a team led by sari nijssen of radboud university and markus paulus, professor of developmental psychology at ludwigmaximiliansuniversitt(lmu), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.according to sari nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” the participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma: would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? in the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.the study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.“this result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says paulus. “one possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. such efforts could come into conflict with their intended functionto be of help to us.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。5what has become a concern about robots?ahow to humanize them.bhow to treat them in life.chow to use them effectively.dhow to find more applications.b解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故b项正确。6in the study the participants probably have to decide _awhen to sacrifice a robotbwhere to experience riskscwhich robot to work withdwhat robots should be likea解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“according to sari nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故a项正确。7what can be inferred from paulus words?ahumanized robots offer less help to people.bhumanizing robots too much may be improper.ccertain moral status should be attached to robots.dconflicts often happen between humans and robots.b解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后两句paulus所说的话可知，paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故b项正确。8which of the following would be the best title for the text?arobots, a must for futurebhumanized robots, a new trendcrobots saved, people take the hitdhumanized robots replace humanc解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故c项最适合作本文标题。 完形填空(2020福州质量抽测)growing up in the 1960s, i was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thankyou note expressing _1_ for kindness. my mother used to buy me a box of paper and _2_ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. she _3_ to be right.a study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thankyou notes. just 5 minutes to make _4_ person feel overjoyed! _5_， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. we tend to do what is _6_ for usa quick text or an email.its easy to use the _7_ of being busy, but even very busy and _8_ businessmen find time to _9_ thankyou notes. for example, when douglas conant became ceo of campbells, the company had _10_ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an alltime low. he _11_ fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not _12_ in any mba class. for one thing, conant wrote to every _13_. he gained their confidence and _14_， turned the company _15_in his ten years as ceo, conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. its _16_ not to ask how he did it. _17_， he had many other things to do _18_ writing a thankyou note. conant made time for _19_ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. an expression of _20_ in this crazy world still makes a difference.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。1a.concernbsympathycaffectiondappreciationd解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thankyou note expressing _ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故d项正确。a项意为“担心，关心”；b项意为“同情”；c项意为“喜爱”。2a.consultbinstructcanswerdimpressb解析：根据该句“my mother used to buy me a box of paper.and value of saying thank you”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故b项正确。a项意为“咨询”；c项意为“回答”；d项意为“使留下深刻印象”。3a.remainedbprovedcappeareddclaimedb解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故b项符合语境。a项意为“保持”；c项意为“显得”；d项意为“声称”。4a.onebany ceachdanotherd解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故d项正确。5a.yetbthereforecsodotherwisea解析：根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故a项正确。6a.specialbnecessarycconvenientdimportantc解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故c项正确。7a.casebexcusecexampledsituationb解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故b项正确。a项意为“事例”；c项意为“例子”；d项意为“情况”。8a.humorousboptimisticcsuccessfuldexperiencedc解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。9a.penbreceivecdesignddelivera解析：参见上题解析。10a.lostbgainedcdevelopedddamageda解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an alltime low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故a项正确。11a.gave upbkept upcset aboutdworried aboutc解析：根据该句中的“he _ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故c项正确。a项意为“放弃”；b项意为“跟上”；d项意为“担心”。12a.permittedbtaughtccheckeddtestedb解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何mba课堂上被教(taught)过，故b项正确。a项意为“允许”；c项意为“检查”；d项意为“测试”。13a.marketbbusinessmanccompanydemployeed解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故d项正确。14a.personallybfranklycnaturallydoccasionallyc解析：根据语境可知，conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。15a.upbdowncawaydaroundd解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故d项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把打发走”。16a.hardbgreatcamazingddisappointinga解析：根据前一句可知，在担任ceo的十年间，conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故a项正确。17a.as usualbin shortcby the waydafter alld解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(after all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。18a.bybincbesidesdwithoutc解析：参见上题解析。19a.mebitchimdthemb解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thankyou note”，故b项正确。20a.kindnessbjoycvaluedconfidencea解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing _ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故a项正确。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解a(2020宣城诊断)can you trust your very first childhood memories? maybe not, a new study suggests.past studies show that peoples earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. but in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, british scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “these first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. this was particularly the case for middleaged and older adults.for the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. for example, it shouldnt be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.as many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.“we suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is.a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author shania kantar said in a journal news release. “additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. such memorylike mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are memories which particularly point to babyhood.”“importantly, the person remembering them doesnt know this is fictional，” study coauthor martin conway said. “in fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often dont believe it.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。1what can we learn from the recent study?amemories form after the age of 3.bparticipants are good at telling stories.cadults are likely to form false memories.dearliest memories may play a trick on us.d解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“these first memories are likely false， the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知d项正确。2which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories?aa direct experience.ba family story.ca family photo.da sad feeling.a解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、第三句“participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. for example, it shouldnt be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences.”可知，参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的事；除了亲身经历，那件事不能基于一张照片、一个家庭故事或任何其他来源。故a项正确。3what are these fictional early memories according to kantar?athey are repeated mental representations.bthey are a collection of early experiences.cthey are a combination of both facts and fictions.dthey are further details of remembered experiences.c解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中kantar所说的话可知，kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故c项正确。4which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?asociety.bpsychology.ctechnology.dhealth.b解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“we suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is.a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故b项正确。b(2020铜陵调研)in american countryside, the message we hear is this: go and get an education. leave your small town and make something of yourself. success and opportunity are found elsewhere.after graduating from a high school in helena, arkansas, i did go.i went to colby college in maine. i had visited the school ahead of time, so i knew what i was getting myself into. i knew about the difference in weather. i understood the difference in social atmosphere. but i wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. and you know what? i absolutely loved my time there. but one thing took me by surprisethe lack of countryside representation. most of the other students at colby were from big cities: new york, boston, los angeles, san francisco.and when i had conversations with these studentsin or outside of classwe almost always focused on topics facing large american cities. in my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”it was like small town america didnt exist.and this urban interest doesnt just happen in college. i went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professorsomeone who had been at the forefront of educational reformwas there to deliver a keynote. i was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. so there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and i asked him, “what are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” and this man was speechless.ill never forget that moment. it speaks to a larger truth. towns like mine are forgotten.this trend of exporting talent and resources to our big citiesthis mindset of leaving small towns and never coming backi dont want to add to that movement. i want to reverse that movement.now its my turn to help people younger than me. and you know what? im a sixth grade teacher in helena now.【解题导语】本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。5what do people in american countryside think of the future of the youth at home?asecure.bfragile.cpromising.dbright.b解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“leave your small town and make something of yourself. success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选b项。6what did the author find in his college classroom?astudents chatted freely.bcountryside was ignored.che was looked down upon.dstudents concentrated on education.b解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“and when