2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists学案 新人教版必修5

unit 1 great scientists一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1characteristic n. 特征；特性2radium n. 镭3analyse vt. 分析4physician n. 医生；内科医师5outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)6victim n. 受害者7enquiry n. 询问8neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近9pump n. 泵；抽水机vt. (用泵)抽(水)10firework n. 烟火(燃放)11chart n. 图表12enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的13spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)14infect vt. 感染；传染15deadly adj. 致命的16clue n. 线索；提示17germ n. 微生物；细菌.核心词汇写其形1defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n 失败2expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n 专家；行家3attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗6absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心7suspect vt. 认为；怀疑 n 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8foresee vt. 预见；预知9blame vt. 责备；谴责n 过失；责备10handle n 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵11link vt.& n 连接；联系12positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的.拓展词汇通其变1challenge n挑战 v向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的2cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n小心；警告3pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染4instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n说明；传授instructions pl.用法说明；指示；命令5conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束6contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿contribution n贡献7reject vt.拒绝；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃8science n科学scientific adj.科学的scientist n科学家9announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告announcer n播音员；宣告者10certain adj.确实的；肯定的certainly adv.确定；肯定certainty n确信；确实11construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物12responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n责任；负责13paint vt.绘画；涂painter n画家；油漆匠painting n油画；水彩画14universe n宇宙；世界universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的universally adv.普遍地15move v移动；运动movement n移动；运动；动作1.后缀sion构成的抽象名词集锦conclusion结论；结束confusion 混乱expression 词语；表达方式revision 修正；复习permission 允许profession 职业；专业2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词positive积极的negative 消极的subjective 主观的objective 客观的doubtful 怀疑的critical 批评的3.名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦handle n把手vt.处理nurse n护士vt.护理face n脸vt.面对bridge n桥vt.沟通drink n饮料vt.喝；饮(二)重点短语记牢用活1put_forward 提出2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3expose.to 使显露；暴露4be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事5make_sense 讲得通；有意义6(be)_strict_with. 对严格的7be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备8look_into 调查9lead_to 导致；通向10slow_down 慢下来11apart_from 除之外；此外12link.to. 将和联系起来1.“动词.to”短语荟萃expose.to使显露；暴露add.to 增添；增加compare.to 把比作devote.to 把专用于supply.to 提供给2.由link.to.联想到的connect.with.把和连接起来tie.to. 把拴到mix.with. 把和混合起来combine.with. 把和结合起来attach.to. 把系到/缚到(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：neither .nor .既不也不neither_its_cause_nor_its_cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。句型2：every time引导时间状语从句so many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak.所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。句型3：“only状语(从句)”位于句首，主句部分倒装only_if_you_put_the_sun_there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。句型4：with复合结构he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1i attended(参加) marys wedding last saturday, where i ran into one of my university classmates.2(2018天津卷书面表达)for another, with the economic and scientific(科学的) development in china, you can find more job chances to promote your professional development.3as nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle(处理) the problem.4if you have a(n) positive(积极的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.5(2019浙江卷6月)experts(专家) say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.6he said he was enthusiastic(热情的) about chinese and asked me to find him some books specially intended for chinese beginners.7when he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed(absorb) in conversation.8what a shame! such a beautiful place was so seriously polluted(pollute).语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019江苏卷阅读a)there are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.有创造力的；创造性的2(2019北京卷阅读c)taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers(欺诈者) can aim at victims precisely.受害者3(2018天津卷)the possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1it was concluded that he didnt tell us the truth. i also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)2i want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save peoples lives.(science)3well be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible).选词成篇be strict with; make great contributions to; apart from; put forward; be enthusiastic about; make sense; draw a conclusiondear nicolaus copernicus，as an astronomer, i 1.am_enthusiastic_about your new theory about the solar system 2.put_forward last month. the present theory doesnt 3.make_sense,_for we cannot 4.draw_a_conclusion that the earth is the centre of the universe.so i sincerely hope you can publish your new theory. as my favourite scientist, you have 5.made_great_contributions_to the world and 6.are_strict_with yourself. 7.apart_from that, you neither worry about nor care about your social status or salaries.yours，li hua.完成句子1昆明是个美丽的地方，一年四季既不冷也不热。kunming is a beautiful city, where its neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold all over the year.2(2017天津卷书面表达)我真的希望你每次来中国都能来天津。i do hope that you can pay a visit to tianjin every_time_you_come_to_china3只有当你能够找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep_good_relationships with others.4这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。the scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with_many_students_surrounding_him concludevt.& vi. 推断出；结束；达成；缔结基础练习单句语法填空he concluded his speech with a famous saying “where there is a will, there is a way.”he concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(2019全国卷) when he brings his speech to a nice conclusion(conclude), whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.能力提升一句多译我从我自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”i have_concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that “no pains, no gains.”i have_drawn_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that “no pains, no gains.”(1)conclude .以结束conclude from 从中得出结论(2)arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后；总之佳句背诵 in conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。 attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理vi.专心；留意基础练习单句语法填空(2019全国卷语法填空)on the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to_attend(attend) a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019北京卷)students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to_attend(attend)i cant go out with you tonight because i have an urgent thing to attend to能力提升微写作(2019全国卷书面表达)我非常荣幸地邀请您参加6月5日下午2：00在我们学校礼堂举行的音乐节。 im_greatly_honored_to_invite_you_to_attend_a_music_festival_to_be_held in our school hall on june 5 at 2：00 pm. (1)attend school/a meeting/a lecture/a wedding上学/参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼(2)attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人；照顾某人attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾佳句背诵 knowing that you show great interest in chinese culture，id like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.知道您对中国文化感兴趣，我想邀请您与我一起参加展览。(2017全国卷书面表达)联想发散 “照顾某人”用法：attend_on/upon_sb.；look_after_sb.；take_care_of_sb.；watch_over_sb. exposevt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临基础练习单句语法填空(2018天津卷书面表达)for one thing, when you come to china, you can be_exposed(expose) to the chinese language and the chinese culture.being_exposed(expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)children are exposed to difficult situations.they are better at handling challenging situations.(高级表达)exposed_to_difficult_situations，children are better at handling challenging situations.(分词作状语)(1)expose.to.暴露给；使接触expose oneself to. 使自己暴露于(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到佳句背诵 in order to expose international students to our tea culture，we took them to the tea room in our school.为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。(2018北京卷书面表达) absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握一词多义写出下列句中absorb的含义many of these farmers have been absorbed into the urban workforce over recent years.吞并after absorbing enough water，the plants grow well.吸收i keep the lesson simple because the students cant absorb that much.理解(北京卷)however, when something did interest me, i could become absorbed.使专心能力提升一句多译汤姆工作很投入，因此他忘记告知我会议的时间了。(absorb)tom was_absorbed_in_his_work,_so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.absorbing_himself_in_his_work,_tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (现在分词作状语)absorbed_in_his_work,_tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (过去分词作状语)(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意o. 把吸收进(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的(be) absorbed in. 全神贯注于佳句背诵 a weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed himself in his reading.一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。名师点津 常用过去分词作状语的短语：be lost in.陷入；专心致志于be caught in. 被困在be buried in. 埋头于be devoted to. 致力于；专心于be occupied in. 忙于be involved in. 专注于 blamevt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n过失；责备基础练习单句语法填空(2018江苏卷书面表达)its unwise for us to blame the increase of ratings on high consumption.it was the professor rather than his assistant that was to_blame(blame) for what had happened in the lab. (2017全国卷)lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.能力提升一句多译因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。alice was in low spirits because_she_was_blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network. (状语从句)blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上be to blame 应受责备；应负责任(2)bear/take the blame for.对负责put the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人佳句背诵 instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。名师点津 be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。 contributevi.& vt.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿一词多义写出下列句中contribute to的含义if you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline. 投稿(2018江苏卷)no doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic growth.促进，有助于eating too much fat contributes to heart disease and causes high blood pressure. 导致能力提升微写作(2018北京卷书面表达)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。in conclusion, i was proud of making_great_contributions_to_spreading_chinese_culture(1)contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to. 导致；向投稿；有助于(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件make contributions/a contribution to. 对做出贡献佳句背诵 doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨基础练习用put的相关短语填空they have put_forward the date of their wedding by one week. i think he is fit for the position; therefore, ill put_forward li hua as a candidate.i can put_up_with the house being untidy, but i hate it if its not clean.first he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.能力提升一句多译他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好主意。he came_up_with_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.he put_forward_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.put aside节省；储蓄；储存put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；生产put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造put up with 忍受；容忍put down 写出；记下 佳句背诵 before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。(2017北京卷书面表达)联想发散 “想出，提出”短语：put_forward；come_up_with；bring_up make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通基础练习单句语法填空see, your computer has broken down again! it doesnt make sense to_buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.in no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)there are so many new words in the passage that i could hardly understand them at all.(高级表达)there are so many new words in the passage that i could hardly make_sense_of them at all.(1)make sense of理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义(2)there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理。in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不 佳句背诵 she doesnt talk much, but what she says makes sense.她讲话不多，但言之有理。 neither.nor.既不也不(教材p2)neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。基础练习单句语法填空last year, neither the experts nor the physician was(be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease.not you but the scientist is(be) to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)the teacher is not content with the result. the students are not content with the result.(高级表达)neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are_content_with_the_result.(1)neither.nor.既不也不，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：either.or.不是就是not only.but also. 不仅而且not.but. 不是而是 佳句背诵 to be honest, i neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.说实话，我既不知道也不在乎他出了什么事。 every time引导时间状语从句(教材p2)so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。基础练习完成句子every_time_i_see_this_picture(每次我看到这张照片时)，i look forward to the next spring festival very much!be careful! the machine starts the_moment/immediately_you_press_the_button(你一按按钮)he looked a bit nervous the_first_time_i_interviewed_him(第一次我采访他时)能力提升一句多译他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就对他的课产生了兴趣。he became interested in the young teachers lesson the_first_time he attended his class.he became interested in the young teachers lesson when he attended his class for_the_first_time(1)名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句：each time每当的时候the序数词time 第次the瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)next time 下次(2)有些副词引导状语从句时，如directly, instantly, immediately, constantly，意为“一就”。 佳句背诵 i think of the happy hours we spent together every time i see these photos.每次看到这些照片，我会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。名师点津 (1)the first time表示“第一次时”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句；(2)for the first time表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2019天津卷书面表达)so it would be better if you could tell us something about their painting(paint) styles and skills.2(2018全国卷)its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging(challenge), or we think its annoying and unnecessary.3(2017全国卷)he said the lucky woman will be_announced(announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.4children, when exposed(expose) to an englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.5always read the instructions(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.6to make students creative(create), teachers should encourage them to make full use of their imagination.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1good family rules help build peoples character, which contribute a lot to a harmonious society.2we must be strict with our students while we should give them love and care as well.3apart from the english class, i took an active part in english corner and other afterclass english activities.4although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a side effect on your heart.5marie curie made great contributions(contribute) to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense to her.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1to solve the problem of water pollution, id like you to look at a study conducting in australia in 2012.conductingconducted2john snow said it was the polluting water that caused the terrible disease.pollutingpolluted3they claim to have discovered a cure of the disease.offor4he was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited guilin.去掉for5be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when exposing to sunlight.exposingexposed.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1(全国卷阅读c)at the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions. adj.专业的2(江苏卷阅读d)she suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.n.失败3(江苏卷任务型阅读)walking upright challenges the human bone structure，and limits the size of brains.vt.向挑战提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)(一)black was 1.severely(severe) ill because of 2.being_exposed(expose) to a deadly virus.after all the attempts to cure him 3.of his disease, the experts announced that the virus 4.was_defeated(defeat) but he needed 5.to_be_attended(attend) to for a week before he fully recovered.it was said that mosquitoes carrying the viru