2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Cloning学案 新人教版选修8

unit 2 cloning一、语基必备知识 (一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的2moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的3arbitrary adj. 任意的4fate n. 命运；天命5initial adj. 最初的；开始的6compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的7opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院8loaf n. 一条(面包)9flour n. 面粉10claw n. 爪；脚爪11turkey n. 火鸡12feather n. 羽毛13identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的14commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的15complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的16procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续17adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱18hatch vt.& vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化.核心词汇写其形1undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担2breakthrough n. 突破3cast vt. 扔；投；掷4unable adj. 不能的；不会的5obtain vt. 获得；赢得6attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)7forbid vt. 禁止；不准8drawback n. 缺点；不利条件9owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于10shortly adv. 立刻；不久11bother vt.& vi.& n. 打扰；操心；烦扰12regulation n. 规则；规章；法规13strike vt.& vi.& n. 打；撞击；罢工14impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响.拓展词汇通其变1accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积accumulation n积累2differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的；与众不同的difference n差异；不同3reason n理由，道理reasonable adj.合情理的4mere adj.仅仅的merely_adv.仅；只；不过5decorate v装饰；布置decoration n装饰6retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休；引退7assume vt.假定；设想assumption n假定；设想8popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的popularity n受人喜爱；流行9object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议10correct vt.改正；纠正correction n改正；纠正11resist vt.抵抗；对抗resistant adj.抵抗的，反抗的resistance n抵抗12exact adj.精确的；准确的exactly adv.精确地1.积少成多accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；聚积increase vt.& vi. 增长enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大；放大expand vt.& vi. 扩大；膨胀broaden vi.& vt. 扩大；变阔； 加宽2.表示“反对；拒绝”的单词荟萃against prep.反对oppose v. 反对object vi. 反对disagree vi. 不同意reject vt. 拒绝refuse v. 拒绝3.“动词副词”构成的合成词drawback n缺点breakdown n. 崩溃；故障farewell n. 告别feedback n. 反馈setup n. 计划；组织breakup n. 分手；中断 (二)重点短语记牢用活1pay_off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2cast_down 使失望；使沮丧3object_to 反对；不赞成4in_favour_of 赞成；支持5owe.to._ 把归功于6(be)_bound_to_(do) ._ 一定或注定(做)7o_ones_heart 使刻骨铭心8from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔9bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活10in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机11in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)； 情况很好(坏)1.“in名词of”短语全接触in favour of赞成；支持in search of 寻找in view of 鉴于；由于in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为了纪念in terms of 就而言2.“v.off”短语荟萃pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清cut off 切断take off 起飞turn off 关闭put off 推迟give off 发出光/热/气体等3.“in名词”短语一览in vain白费力气；枉费心机in relief 如释重负地in short 总之；简言之in trouble 陷入麻烦in need 在困难中；急需in danger 在危险中 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：while表示对比转折cloning plants is straightforward while_cloning_animals_is_very_complicated克隆植物简单，而克隆动物非常复杂。句型2：then 位于句首时句子用全部倒装then_came_the_disturbing_news_that dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。句型3：do you think作插入语_what_do_you_think_is the writers point of view in this reading passage?你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？句型4：that引导的表语从句the_advantage_is_that_if there is a new illness some of these animals may die . 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1with medical breakthrough(突破), people are living a healthier and longer life.2i think our offer is reasonable(合情理的) and realistic and you shouldnt turn it down.3she is overweight, but she cant resist(抵制；抵抗) eating more delicious food.4we are supposed to undertake(承担) the responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.5nowadays, energy can be obtained(获得) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.6(全国卷书面表达)i feel sorry for my being_unable(able) to go to the bookstore with you.语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019全国卷阅读c) the researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.the team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 简单的；直接的_使商业化2(2019江苏卷阅读c) it would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions.however，they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 影响3(2018全国卷七选五) “i adore dancing，” says lester bridges, the owner of a dance studio in iowa. “i cant imagine doing anything else with my life.” 喜爱4(2017天津卷阅读d) i have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. after all, forced waiting requires patience. 程序；步骤.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it. (object)2dont assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more. (assume)3nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance. (resist)4he retired from the post as a manager. after his retirement,_he settled down in a remote village. (retire)5the purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. and it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)6from the appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. and as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people. (differ).选词成篇cast sb. down; in favour of; pay off; bring sb. back to life; differ.in; be bound to there is no doubt that people 1.differ_greatly_in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. some people are 2._in_favour_of its development, especially when their health is in poor condition. they want to 3.bring_them_back_to_life. they believe human cloning technology 4.is_bound_to_benefit the medical development and wont 5.cast_them_down. on the contrary, others find that it can raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. as far as im concerned, cloning will 6.pay_off_on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly.完成句子1然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。then_came_the_exciting_news_that our team won the game.2这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting?3骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。the advantage of cycling to work is that_we_can_live_a_lowcarbon_life4一些人浪费食物，然而一些人死于饥饿。some people waste food while_others_die_of_hunger differvi.不同；相异基础练习单句语法填空as we have communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences(differ) in our body language.(2019全国卷书面表达) since i was a kid，ive considered different(differ) jobs i would like to do.能力提升完成句子我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。i hold the firm belief that we can_make_a_big_difference if everyone makes a little effort. (1)differ in在方面不同differ from 与不同(2)difference n. 不同之处make a difference 起作用；有影响(3)different adj. 不同的be different from 与不同佳句背诵 the twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。 undertakevt.着手；从事；承担；承诺；保证基础练习单句语法填空the project undertaken(undertake) by the young engineer turned out to be very successful.whether or not the construction of the bridge will_be_undertaken(undertake) by our company remains to be seen.能力提升微写作(2017北京卷书面表达)收集了所有的材料，那些在计算机方面有天赋的人承担了制作视频的任务。with all the materials collected, those who are talented in computers undertook_the_task_of_making the video.undertake a task承担任务undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事undertake thatclause 保证 佳句背诵 mr. collins undertook to look after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.柯林斯先生答应照顾孩子们，而他的妻子可以和她的两个朋友去健身俱乐部。名师点津 undertake过去式、过去分词分别为：undertook；undertaken。 objectvi.反对；不赞成 n物体；目标基础练习单句语法填空he has a strong objection to smoking(smoke) in public places, especially with females present.(2018江苏卷书面表达)it is necessary to stop following ratings blindly and we should hold an objective(object) attitude towards it.能力提升一句多译就我个人而言，我反对他在会议上提出的建议。as far as im concerned, i am_opposed_to the suggestions he put forward at the meeting.in my view, i object_to the suggestions he put forward at the meeting. (1)object to doing sth.反对做某事(2)objection n. 反对；提出异议raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事提出 异议或反对(3)objective adj. 客观的；真实的 佳句背诵 as far as im concerned，i object to charging for parking. 就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。 forbidvt. (forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准基础练习单句语法填空i will forbid you to_leave(leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.as far as i can remember, this place used to forbid parking(park) cars and bikes.it is high time that we forbad(e)(forbid) setting off fireworks in urban areas.能力提升完成句子我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。i think it necessary to forbid_shops_and_supermarkets_from_offering free plastic shopping bags.forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 禁止某人做某事佳句背诵 forbidden from going out, we had to stay at home aimlessly. 由于不准外出，我们只好在家里漫无目的地待着。名师点津 与forbid用法类似的单词还有allow, permit, advise等。 strikevt.& vi. (struck；struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；(钟)报时；划(火柴)；使忽然想起n罢工一词多义写出下列句中strike的词性及含义a big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.vt.袭击it struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.vt.忽然想起it is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.n.罢工i got up early this morning before the clock struck five.vt.(钟)报时能力提升微写作(2018天津卷书面表达)在机器人比赛中被你的才华所打动，我想邀请你加入我们。struck_by_your_talent_in the robotic competition, id like to invite you to join us. (分词短语作状语) (1)be struck with/by为所袭击(感动)it strikes sb. that. 某人突然想到(2)o ones heart 使刻骨铭心(3)be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工佳句背诵 meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one id strike into my heart forever.这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师和同学真是一个温暖的时刻，这一刻让我刻骨铭心。联想发散“某人突然想到”荟萃：it_strikes_sb._that.；it_hits_sb._that.；it_occurs_to_sb._that. pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清基础练习用pay的相关短语填空(2017天津卷)will you please pay_a_visit_to tianjin again so that we may meet again?id also like to know how much i have to pay_for_the course and whether accommodation is included.as for speaking mandarin, its better to pay_attention_to_the pronunciation.能力提升完成句子正如谚语所说，“有志者事竟成。”我们的努力早晚会得到回报。as a proverb goes, “where there is a will, there is a way.”our_efforts_will_pay_off_sooner_or_later.pay back偿还(欠款)；报复；回报pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事/物 付出代价pay sb.for sth. 因某事/物给某人报酬pay a visit to 参观；拜访pay attention to 注意；留心佳句背诵 what made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。 in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)基础练习单句语法填空what i want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.they also say that once moved，animals will have more space and better living conditions(condition) in the suburbs.能力提升微写作(2018江苏卷书面表达)只要我们恰当使用这些排名，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。on_condition_that_we_use_these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways.out of condition健康状况欠佳on this condition 在此条件下on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首 时，主句用部分倒装)on condition that. 只要；如果 佳句背诵 my grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is in good condition now.我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，她现在身体状况很好。that引导表语从句 (教材p15)the advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。基础练习单句语法填空the drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.the advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.能力提升完成句子the_chance_is_that(有可能)one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.the_drawback/disadvantage_of_this_solution_is_that(这个方案的不足是) many people wouldnt feel so convenient as they used to.the advantage/strength of.is that.的优势是the disadvantage/drawback of.is that. 的不足是；的缺点是the problem of.is that. 的问题是the chance is that. 有可能佳句背诵 the advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem.在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于，如果你有问题你可以得到帮助。.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1we had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration(decorate) of the house was finished.2the new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that anna cant resist taking(take) a closer look at them.3with the college entrance examination approaching, i am_forbidden(forbid) to take part in afterschool activities.4when climbing mount huang, all the tourists were struck(strike) by its beauty.5having_retired(retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.6the information obtained(obtain) from the internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1i like fishing. one of the advantages is that i can take in fresh air in the open air.2i owe it to you that i have gained a number of skills and knowledge which i think will help me in the future.3there are serious objections to killing(kill) dogs for food, because they are friends to human.4so i have no choice but to_bother(bother) you to correct my mistakes in the material i attach to the letter.5the good news that we have made a breakthrough in space exploration cheers us up. 6there is no doubt that cellphones have a negative impact on our lives.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1it suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.删除第一个to2no one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago.exactexactly3sometimes, some students object the idea that english classes are taught in english.在object后加to4owe to the recent bad weather，the project is several weeks behind schedule.oweowing5there is some doubt whether the young man can undertake of such an important task.删除of6the news which our team won the match was encouraging.whichthat.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1many of his friends backed his plan, which made him very surprised. vt.支持2(江苏卷完形)i was required to read one of bernie siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on._vt.吸引3music talents from many different countries were cast to play in the film. vt.挑选4(2017天津卷完形)this combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution. vt.突然想起提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 )robert, 1.differing(differ) from most of the elderly, doesnt enjoy his old age in peace after retiring 2.from work. instead, he felt his health was 3.in good condition and now he 4.is_undertaking(undertake) the duty of helping maintain the order of his community. accidents used to occur here frequently, which made people feel cast 5.down. several kids 6.were_struck(strike) by private cars and this situation 7.bothered (bother) most of the residents. robert couldnt resist 8.joining(join) in his community volunteer service. they took steps 9.to_forbid(forbid) drunken drivers from driving in and out. their efforts finally paid 10.offsince then, no accident has ever happened again，11.owing (owe) to efforts of volunteers like robert and he 12.has_obtained(obtain) the respect of all community residents. 提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)最近你班就是否发展克隆技术进行了讨论。请按以下写作要点写一篇短文。要点如下：支持：克隆技术有益人类；反对：引起伦理问题；你的观点。1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)我们对克隆技术是否应该被发展进行了激烈的讨论。人与人观点分歧很大。there has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed. opinions differ_greatly_from_person_to_person有些人赞同发展克隆技术，他们认为这一定会让人类受益。(同位语从句)some who are in_favour_of_its_development_hold_the_belief_that_it_will_be_bound_to_benefit_human能生产大量的商业食品满足人们的需求，这是克隆的好处之一。large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs, which is one_of_the_advantages_of_cloning我们还可以克隆人体器官作为医疗用途。we can also clone_human_body_organs_for_medical_use另外一些人强烈反对，因为他们沮丧地发现克隆会引发一系列的道德问题。others_strongly_object_to_it，because they_feel_cast_down_to_find_that_it_could_raise_a_storm_of_moral_questions我认为，只要所有人答应恰当利用克隆技术，克隆会取得成功。in my opinion, cloning_will_pay_off_as_long_as_all_undertake_to_use_it_properly2升级平淡句用表语从句升级句one_of_the_advantages_of_cloning_is_that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：whats more, on the contrary, however)_one possible version：there has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed. opinions differ greatly from person to person.some who are in favour of its development hold the belief that it will be bound to benefit human. one of the advantages of cloning is that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs. whats more, we can also clone human body organs for medical use.one the contrary, others strongly object to it, because they feel cast down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.however, in my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly. (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解a(2020石家庄重点高中摸底)i can proudly say that last year i broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster. im 105, but i