防爆除尘原理介绍PPT课件

1,Dustexplosionprotectionforfiltersmethods,requirementsandmistakes过滤器粉尘防爆保护-方法，要求及误区,Presentation简介,2,DustExplosionProtectionReasons粉尘防爆保护-原因DustExplosionProtectionLegislation粉尘防爆保护-法规DustExplosionProtectionMethods粉尘防爆保护-方法DustExplosionProtectionExamples粉尘防爆保护-举例QuestionsandAnswers问题与答案,Program程序,3,DustExplosionProtectionReasons粉尘防爆保护-原因Whyweneedit?我们为什么要做防爆保护？Whyisitsoimportant?为什么防爆保护如此重要？Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?为什么我们要在交付时就解决这个问题？,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,4,WheatSiloKansas,USA,8.6.98美国小麦仓储，98年6月8日,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,Silobeingpreparedforharvest储仓是为收获做准备Cleaning(wheatdust)清洁（小麦粉尘）Failure(mechanicalpartsinelevatorhotsurface)爆炸源（电梯的机械部件-热表面）Firstexplosionincentralpart(elevator)ofthebuilding首先在大楼的中心部位（电梯）发生爆炸Elevatordamaged电梯损坏Explosionpropagatesoutside(secondaryexplosions)爆炸向外传播（二次爆炸）Consequences后果Severalfatalinjuries几个人受伤致命Destroyedbuilding大楼被毁,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,5,WheatSiloKansas,USA,8.6.98,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,6,PowerStationOtrokovice,CZ,9.9.03发电站，奥特罗科维采（捷克共和国的一个小镇），03年9月9日,Beltconveyorsstartedafter3weekbreak皮带传动损坏3周后重新启动Cleaningandbrake(dryfinecoaldust)清洗和制动（干细煤尘）Service(weldinghotparticles)现场维修（焊接-焊渣）Firstexplosionintensionpartofbeltconveyor首先拉紧的皮带传动部分发生爆炸Twoofthreeexplosionsfollowed接着又发生了二次爆炸Consequences后果Tunnelandbuildingdamage隧道和建筑物被毁,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,7,PowerStationOtrokovice,CZ,9.9.03,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,8,WoodfactorySlovakia,28.2.08木加工厂，斯洛伐克08年2月28日,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,Grindingline磨削作业Dryandfinewooddust干细的木质粉尘Failure(ironpieceinthewoodboard)故障源（木板上有铁件）Firstexplosionintheline作业线上发生首次爆炸Secondaryexplosionandfirefollowed接着发生二次爆炸以及火灾Consequences后果Destroyedbuildingforgrinding(2mil.)磨削工厂被毁（两百万欧）,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,9,WoodfactorySlovakia,28.2.08,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,10,SugarPlantGeorgia,USA8.2.08糖加工厂-美国乔治亚州，08年2月3日,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,Explosionfollowedbyfire爆炸后起火Sugar糖Firstexplosioninexpeditionsugarbin首次爆炸发生在糖储罐内Secondaryexplosionsfollowed接着发生二次爆炸Consequences后果6fatalinjuries,over100injured6个人致命，超过100人受伤Destroyedplant厂房被毁,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,11,SugarPlantGeorgia,USA8.2.08,Whyweneedit?Whyisitsoimportant?Whyshouldwesolveitwithdelivery?,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,12,DustExplosionProtectionReasons粉尘爆炸保护-原因,Wemusteliminatehazardforindividuals我们必须降低风险Wemustavoiddamages(timeandmoneyloss)我们必须避免伤害（时间与财产损失）Wemustsolveitindelivery(thancouldbelate)我们必须在系统交付时就解决这个问题（否则为时太晚）,DustExplosionProtection-Reasons,13,DustExplosionProtectionLegislation粉尘爆炸保护-法规WhatarekeyATEXdirectives?主要的ATEX指令？WhatelseexceptATEXdirectives?除了ATEX指令还有什么？Whyarestandardssoimportant?为什么标准如此重要？,DustExplosionProtection-Legislation,14,Europeandirective99/92/EC(ATEX137)欧洲指令标准99/92/EC（ATEX137）ThegoalistoensurethesameminimalsafetylevelforemployeesacrosstheEUmembers目标是为了保证欧盟成员国的雇员相同的最低安全水平Definesrequirementsforemployers定义雇主要求Theymustimprovehealthandsafetyprotectionofworkers提高工人的健康和安全保护EPD(riskassessment,zoneclassification,preventionandprotectionmeasures,inwrittenform)EPD（以书面形式定义风险预测，区域分类，预防及保护措施）,LegislationkeyATEXdirectives法规-关键的ATEX指令,Europeandirective94/9/EC(ATEX100)欧洲指令标准94/9/EC（ATEX100）Thegoalistoensurethesameminimalsafetylevelofproductsintendedforuseinexplosionatmosphere目标是为了保证易爆环境使用的产品保持相同的最低安全水平Definesrequirementsformanufacturers定义制造商要求Theymustclassifytheproductintothecategories必须按照指定类别分类Theymustfollowtheprocedureforassessingtheconformity必须遵循评估程序DeliverproductwithECDeclarationofconformityandproperlymarked提供符合EC符合声明的产品并适当标注,WhatarekeyATEXdirectives?WhatelseexceptATEXdirectives?Whyarestandardssoimportant?,DustExplosionProtection-Legislation,15,ATEX100isrequiredsince7/2003TherewerenoEUstandardsatthattime从2003年7月开始使用ATEX100，当时没有欧盟标准EN14797forventing(membranes)isvalidsince2006EN14373forsuppressionisvalidsince2005ENforisolationisnotvalidyet(prEN15089)Whatistheconsequence?结果是什么？CertificationaccordingtoATEXisrequiredsince2003TherewerenoNEWstandards,sothecertificationwasmadeaccordingtoOLDstandardsbutproducershavegottheATEXcertificatesAstheECcertificateshavehadnotimelimitinvaliditytheprotectivesystemscanbeapplieduntilthemanufacturerchangesthedesignWhatisnewinEUstandards?欧盟新标准？EfficiencytestsManytimeandmoneyconsumingtestswithoutcertaintythatitsuccessfullypassCanbeprotectivesystemswithATEX“certificationwithoutanyotherinformationapplied?没有其他信息适用的情况下保护系统是否可以带ATEX标志？NOitsaysnothingaboutpresentrequiredlegislationFIRSTwehavetocheckthestandardstheyareapprovedaccordingto,EUStandardsforProtectiveSystems保护系统的欧盟标准,WhatarekeyATEXdirectives?WhatelseexceptATEXdirectives?Whyarestandardssoimportant?,DustExplosionProtection-Legislation,16,DustExplosionProtectionLegislation粉尘爆炸保护-法规,TherearetwothemostimportantATEXdirectives(ATEX100andATEX137)有两项非常重要的ATEX指令（ATEX100和ATEX137）ThetextATEX“inECcertificatenumberisnotsufficientATEX标志在EC认证标示中是不够的Thestandardsaccordingwhichtheprotectivesystemsarecertifiedmustbechecktoo,DustExplosionProtection-Legislation,17,DustExplosionProtectionMethods粉尘爆炸保护-方法Pressureresistance耐压Venting泄压Suppression抑制Isolation隔离Combination(anythingwithisolation)组合方法（上述任意一个与隔离装置组合）,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,18,Pressureresistantvessels耐压容器,PressureresistantvesselsforPMAX耐压容器PMAXAccordingtodustwithhighestPMAXinvessel根据容器中粉尘的最高压力制造PressureresistanceisabovePMAX可承受压力高于PMAXWithoutplasticdeformation无塑性变形PressureshockresistantvesselsforPMAX抗冲击压力容器PMAXPlasticdeformationisallowed允许塑性变形PressureshockresistantvesselsforPREDMAX抗冲击压力容器PREDMAXWhenprotectivesystemsareused当使用保护系统PressureresistanceisabovePREDMAX压力耐受高于PMAXPlasticdeformationisallowed允许塑性变形,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,19,Pressureshockresistantvesselshow抗冲击压力容器,PressureresistantvesselsforPMAX,PressureshockresistantvesselsforPMAX,PressureshockresistantvesselsforPREDMAX,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,20,Explosionventing爆炸泄压装置,Explosionpasseswithoutanyintervention爆炸没有任何阻挡的泄出Thearealargeenoughopensbypressureinthevessel容器上要有足够大的开口释放压力Flame,pressure,burnedandunburnedmixtureisreleasedoutofthevessel火焰，压力以及燃烧混合物从容器中释放出来PREDMAXisbelowthepressureresistanceofthevesselPREDMAX低于容器的耐压力Burstingmembranes,valves,flaps,etc.爆破膜，阀门，翻板阀等Theyarenotintendedtobeusedinindoorapplications这些装置不适用于室内安装Usedincombinationwithisolation与隔离阀组合使用,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,21,Explosionsuppression爆炸抑制,Explosionisextinguished爆炸被提前抑制Theexplosionisdetectedatbeginningandtheextinguishingagentisinjectedintotheprotectedvessel爆炸从一开始就能检测到，灭火器就会向保护容器内喷灭火剂PREDMAXisbelowthepressureresistanceofthevesselPREDMAX低于容器的耐压力Explosionsuppressionsystemconsistsofcontrolunit,detector(pressureorflame)andactionelements爆炸抑制系统包括控制单元，检测装置（压力或火苗）及执行元件,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,22,Explosionisolation爆炸隔离,Thegoalistoavoidexplosionpropagationtoconnectedvesselsthroughthepipe(s)目的是防止爆炸沿着管道扩散到相连的设备Mechanicalisolationstopsflameandpressurebyclosingthepipe机械式隔离装置通过关闭管道来阻止火焰和压力Mechanicalisolationismadebydumpers,valves,flaps,Exprovedrotaryvalve机械式隔离装置：阀门，板阀，防爆认证旋转阀组成Chemicalisolationstopsexplosionflamebyextinguishing化学隔离装置是用灭火剂灭火防止爆炸Chemicalisolationsystemconsistsofcontrolunit,detector(flameorpressure)andactionelement(s)化学隔离装置的组成包括控制单元，检测装置（火苗或压力）和执行元件,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,23,DustExplosionProtectionMethods粉尘爆炸保护-方法,Therearefourwayshowtoprotectthedevices(containment,venting,suppression,isolation)有四种方式（阻挡，泄压，抑制，隔离）Anyofcontainment,ventingorsuppressionmustbecombinedwithisolation以上任一种方式都必须与隔离装置组合使用,DustExplosionProtection-Methods,24,DustExplosionProtectionExamples粉尘爆炸保护-举例Filterprotectiondescription过滤器保护Filterventing过滤器泄压Filtersuppression过滤器抑制,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,25,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,INPUTPIPE,ROTARYVALVE,FILTER,OUTPUTPIPE,FAN,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,26,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,EXPLOSION-flameandpressurepropagationtowardaspiratedplaces-pipedamage,EXPLOSION-flamepropagationtofollowingdevices-sparkandhotparticlestransporttofollowingdevices-valvedamage,EXPLOSION-filterdamage,EXPLOSION-flameandpressurehit-burnedmixture,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,27,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,Whatshouldweknowfordesign?设计时我们应该了解：,Indoor(howfarfromtheouterwallorroof)oroutdoorinstallation室内安装（距外墙或屋顶的距离）还是室外安装Dimensionsofthefilter,itspressureresistanceandrealinstallationtoavoidproblemswithrecoilforces过滤器的尺寸，耐压力以及实际安装，避免反冲力等问题Typeofthedustanditsexplosioncharacteristics(KSTandPMAX)粉尘类型和爆炸特性(KSTandPMAX)Conditionsoutsidethefilter(freespaceorno,people,traffic,obstructions,explosiveatmosphere,etc.)过滤器的外部条件（空间，人员，通道，障碍，易爆气体等）Possibleplacementandareaforventingonthefilterbody过滤器本身可能的通风位置和面积CertifiedprotectivesystemsaccordingtoEN14797通过EN14797认证的保护系统Activatingpressureanditspossibledifference激活压力及可能的区别Reliefareaofusedmembrane(s)使用的爆破膜释放面积,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,28,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,Ventingmajormistakes通风-主要误区,Ventingissimpleandcheap泄压简单便宜？Dependsoninstallationplace,typeofthedust,filterpressureresistanceandconnectedvessels(morecomplexmoreexpensive)取决于安装位置，粉尘类型，过滤器耐压力以及相连的容器（越复杂越昂贵）Ventingitselfissufficientforfilterexplosionprotection对于过滤爆炸保护泄亚就足够？NOdirectiontowardaspiratedplacesanddevicesbehindthefilter(belowhoper)mustbeprotectedbyisolation绝不是-过滤器送气的位置和背后的装置必须进行隔离保护Ventingforoutdoorinstallationisnoproblem室外安装的泄压没有问题？Dependsonpossibilitytodefinesafetyzoneforventing取决于泄压安全区域的划分Ventingforindoorinstallationcanbesolvedbyexhaustpipeofanylength室内安装的泄压可以使用任何长度的排气管来解决？NOlongerexhaustpipehigherreducedoverpressure;mustbepossibletodefinesafetyzoneforventingoutsidethebuilding绝不是-较长的管道较多泄压阻力；必须有可能确定建筑物外的通风安全区Onestandardsolutioncanbeusedforallcases一个标准的解决方案适用于所有案例NOstandardsolutionshavelimitsmax.KSTandPMAX,max.lengthforexhaustpipesetc.绝不是-标准方案有限制-max.KST和PMAX废气管的长度等,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,29,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,WhenKSTand/orPMAXriseyouneedeitherlargerreliefareaorfilterwithhigherpressureresistance当KST和/或PMAX值增加时，你需要更大的释放面积或更耐压的过滤器Whenusingexhaustpipeyoushoulduselargerreliefareaoryouneedfilterwithhigherpressureresistance当使用废气管时，需要更大的释放面积或更耐压的过滤器MaximalflamelengthdoesntdependonthePREDMAXbutonlyonfiltervolume最大的火焰长度并不取决于值，而是取决于过滤体积Recoilforces反冲力,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,30,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,1.VENTING泄压-dustcharacteristics粉尘特性-filterdimensions过滤器尺寸-filterresistance过滤阻力-membraneparameters爆破膜参数-placementofmembrane(s)爆破膜的安置,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,31,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,2.ISOLATION隔离-rotaryvalve旋转阀-exproved防爆认证-stopincaseofexplosion一旦爆炸，立即停止,1.VENTING泄压,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,32,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,3.ISOLATION隔离-Mechanical机械式-Chemical化学式,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.VENTING泄压,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,33,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,3.ISOLATION隔离-Mechanical机械式-pressureandflame压力和火苗-installationdistancefromthefilter过滤器的安装距离,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.VENTING泄压,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,34,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,3.ISOLATION隔离-Chemical化学式-onlyflame只有火焰-installationdistancefromthefilter距离过滤器的按汉族昂距离-extinguishingdistancetowardaspiratedplace朝向送气方向的灭火距离,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.VENTING泄压,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,35,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,Completeprotectionrequires完全保护需要：Ventingofthefilter过滤器泄压Filterdimensions过滤器尺寸Dustcharacteristics粉尘特性Membraneparameters爆破膜参数Recoilforces反冲力Determinationofsafetyzone安全区的划分Noexplosiveatmosphere,NOpeople,NOobstructions无易爆气体，没有人员，没有障碍Maximallengthofflamedependsonlyonfiltervolumeandismorethan10mlong火焰的最大长度取决于过滤器的体积，并超过10mIsolationofmaterialoutputfromhoper出口隔离Exprovesolution(noflamepassthroughincaseofexplosion;sufficientpressureresistance)防爆认证方案（一旦爆炸没有火焰通过；耐压力足够）Stopincaseofexplosion(notransporttofollowingdevices)一旦爆炸立即停止（不会传输到相连的设备）Isolationofinputfilterpipe过滤器进风管道隔离Mechanicalorchemicalisolationinrequireddistance在所需距离内进行机械式或化学式隔离Pipewithrequiredpressureresistance耐压管道,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,36,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,Whatshouldweknowfordesign?我们设计方案需要知道哪些数据？,Dimensionsofthefilteranditspressureresistance过滤器的尺寸和耐压力TypeofthedustanditsKST(PMAX)粉尘类型及其KST(PMAX)Conditionsinsidethefilter(barriersandpressurelevelsandchangesinoperation)过滤器的内部情况（障碍，压力水平及运行变化）CertifiedprotectivesystemsaccordingtoEN14373经过EN14373认证的保护系统Designhastobemadebyproducerstheyonlyknowthesystemefficiencyandfromthatreasonareabletodesigntheprotection设计需由生产商提出-他们知道系统效率，因此能够设计出相应的保护措施,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,37,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,Suppressionmajormistakes抑制-主要误区,Suppressionisexpensivesoventingisalwaysbetter抑制系统比较昂贵，所以泄压总是比较好NOtherearemanyapplicationswhereventingisntrightsolution不-有许多泄压案例方案并不正确Moreexpensivegenerallyyesbutifthewallismadeofconcretewithsteelropes(?),filtermustbemovedontheroofofthebuildingtodeterminerequiredsafetyzone(?)更贵-一般是这样，但是，如果墙面是由钢筋混凝土组成，过滤器就必须移至建筑物的屋顶来确定所需的安全区Suppressionitselfissufficientforfilterprotection抑制系统本身对于过滤器保护就足够了NOdirectiontowardaspiratedplacesanddevicesbehindthefilter(belowhoper)mustbeprotectedbyisolation不-向过滤器送气的方向和过滤器后的装置必须进行隔离保护Suppressionneednttobecombinedwithisolationifthereisntexplosionconcentrationininputpipe如在进风口管道没有达到爆炸浓度，抑制系统不需要与隔离装置组合使用NOflameandpressurepropagatesthroughpipeeither不-火焰和压力仍会通过管道扩散Onestandardsolutioncanbeusedforallcases一个标准方案适用于所有案例NOstandardsolutionshavelimitsgivenbyitsefficiencymax.KSTandPREDMAX,numberofactionelements,etc.不-效率决定了标准方案有所限制-最大KST和PREDMAX值，动作元件的数量等,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,38,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,1.SUPPRESSION抑制dustcharacteristics粉尘特性filterdimensions过滤器尺寸filterresistance过滤器耐压力suppressionparameters抑制参数suppressioneffectivity抑制效率,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,39,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,2.ISOLATION隔离-rotaryvalve旋转阀-exproved防爆认证stopincaseofexplosion一旦爆炸立即停止,1.SUPPRESSION抑制,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,40,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,3.ISOLATION隔离-Mechanical机械式-Chemical化学式,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.SUPPRESSION抑制,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,41,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,3.ISOLATION隔离-Mechanical机械式-pressureandflame压力和火焰-installationdistancefromthefilter距离过滤器的安装距离,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.SUPPRESSION抑制,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,42,DustExplosionProtectionExamples,3.ISOLATION隔离-Chemical化学式-onlyflame只有火焰-installationdistance安装距离-extinguishingdistance灭火距离,2.ISOLATION隔离,1.SUPPRESSION抑制,FilterprotectiondescriptionFilterventingFiltersuppression,DustExplosionProtection-Examples,43,DustExplosionProtecti