主语的翻译PPT课件

.,1,Chinese-EnglishTranslation,.,2,1)我昨天带来并放在书架上的一本新的英汉成语词典对于翻译很有用处。ThenewEnglish-ChinesephrasedictionaryIbroughthereyesterdayandputonthebookshelfisquiteusefulfortranslation.,.,3,2)这几篇专为大学生编写的最新实用翻译讲稿，在理论原则和技巧指导上有许多特点。Theseup-to-datepracticallecturesontranslationspeciallywrittenforcollegestudentshavemanyfeaturesintheoreticalprinciplesandtechnicaldirection.,.,4,3)所有在场的人都被她的故事打动了。Everyonepresentwasmovedbyherstory.4)今天中国妇女的地位大大地提高了。TodaythesocialstatusofChinesewomenhasbeengreatlyimproved.,.,5,5)这一偶然发现的物质使医学发生了革命性的变化。Thesubstancediscoveredbychancehaverevolutionizedmedicine.,.,6,英汉句子比较,.,7,1）英语重形合，汉语重意合。西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。所以中国语法以达意为主。英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章往往化整为零。（王力）2）英语主谓机制突出，介词、名词尤其是抽象名词用得多。,.,8,Theisolationoftheruralworld,becauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacilities,iscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。(compound:tomakesth.badbecomeevenworsebycausingfurtherharmpaucity:asmallamountofsth.),.,9,Theisolationoftheruralworld,becauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacilities,iscompoundedbythepaucityoftheinformationmedia.对比：Becausethereisagreatdistanceandtherearenotenoughtransportfacilities,theruralworldisisolated.Thisisolationhasbecomemoreseriousbecausetherearenotenoughinformationmedia.,.,10,InAfricaImetaboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid,whenIspoketohim,thathewashungrybecausehehadhadnothingfortwodays.在非洲，我遇到了一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了。我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没吃饭了。,.,11,CarlisleStreetrunswestward,acrossagreatblackbridge,downahillandupagain,bylittleshopsandmeat-markets,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。,.,12,汉语中动词占优势。Hecouldnothelp,too,rollinghislargeeyesroundhimasheate,andchucklingwiththepossibilitythathemightonedaybelordofallthissceneofalmostunimaginableluxuryandsplendor.他一边吃，一边瞪着大眼睛环顾四周，不禁暗自发笑；眼前这一派富丽繁华，说不定某一天会统统落进我地手掌心。,.,13,4）Therewaslittlehopeofcontinuingmyinquiriesafterdarktoanyusefulpurposeinaneighborhoodthatwasstrangetome.这一带我不熟悉，天黑之后继续调查，取得结果的希望不大。,.,14,主语的确定,.,15,确定主语时应遵循以下原则：必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗；必须符合英美人的思维方式；必须是句中应该突出的信息；必须符合句中的逻辑关系；在篇章翻译中，必须符合上下文行文的需要。,.,16,1、必须符合英语的语言习惯，如：1)总是在失去友谊的时候才感到真正友谊的可贵。Thevalueoftruefriendshipisseldomknownuntilitislost.,.,17,2）应该理解，犯错误是人之常情。Itshouldbeunderstoodthattoerrishuman.(human:showingtheweaknessthataretypicalofpeople,whichmeansthatotherpeopleshouldnotcriticizethepersontoomuch),.,18,3）希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。ItishopedthatShanghaiwillestablishfriendlyrelationswithmoreforeigncitiesinthefuture.,.,19,4）我们别后没发生什么事。Nothinghashappenedsinceweparted.,.,20,5）我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难的。Iknowitisdifficultforyoutopersuadehimoutoftheplan.,.,21,5）TherearemanywonderfulstoriestotellabouttheplacesIvisitedandthepeopleImet.我去了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事情可多着呢。,.,22,6）从前海边的一个村子里住着个老渔民。Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.,.,23,7）我们是在俱乐部遇到他的。Itwasintheclubthatwemether.,.,24,9)水稻竟能在这样的地方生长，这实在是个奇迹。Itissimplyamiraclethatriceshouldgrowinsuchaplace.10)完成这项工作花了我们五年的时间。Ittookusfiveyearstofinishthisproject.,.,25,Itisassertedthat有人主张Itisbelievedthat有人认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为Itwastoldthat有人曾经说,.,26,Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat可以毫不夸张地说Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出Itisimaginedthat.人们认为,.,27,Itcannotbedeniedthat.不可否认Itwillbeseenfromthisthat.由此可知Itis(always)stressedthat.人们(总是)强调,.,28,2、必须符合英美人的思维方式和文化习俗.1）她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。Ithasneveroccurredtoherthathewasadishonestman.,.,29,2）热烈欢迎世界各地客户来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易关系。Customersfromvariouscountriesandregionsarewarmlywelcometoestablishanddevelopbusinesscontacts.,.,30,再如：他突然想到了一个新主意Suddenlyhehadanewidea.Hesuddenlythoughtoutanewidea.Anewideasuddenlyoccurredtohim.,.,31,b.在美国，人人都能买到枪。IntheUnitedStates,everyonecanbuyagun.IntheUnitedStates,gunsareavailabletoeveryone.,.,32,你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。YoucanobtainthisinformationontheInternet.Thisinformationisaccessible/availableontheInternet.,.,33,2）在历史上，由于长江不断改道在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。TheconstantchangesofthecourseoftheChangjiangRiverinhistoryhelpedformagreatmanylakesintheareasaroundWuhan.,.,34,3）众所周知，中国在1980年成功地发射了第一颗洲际导弹。Asisknowntoall,1980sawthesuccessfullaunchingofChinasfirstintercontinentalguidedmissile.,.,35,再如：a.在最后一段的行程中，我坐在椅子上，淌着汗，四肢无力，浑身酸痛.Theendofthelastjourneysawmeuponachair,perspiring,flaccid,aching.,.,36,b.这些岛屿上发生过很多重大的历史事件。Theseislandswitnessedalotofhistoricevents.,.,37,c.五世纪是罗马帝国的崩溃时期。The5thcenturysawtheendoftheRomanEmpire.d.世界上已有了不同的现代化道路。Theworldhaswitnesseddifferentroadstomodernization.,.,38,4）下倾盆大雨了。Itisrainingcatsanddogs.再如：到这地方坐火车要一夜。Itisaboutanightsjourneytotheplacebytrain.,.,39,5）ToomuchexposuretoTVprogramswilldogreatharmtotheeyesightofchildren.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。,.,40,6）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy.,.,41,7）从他办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。Aglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramic（全景的）viewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.,.,42,再如：从这里可以看到富士山。AviewofMt.Fujicanbeobtainedfromhere.,.,43,8)只要再行车一小时，我们就可到达那个小村。Anotherhoursridewillbringustothevillage.,.,44,a.有了现代化飞机，世界似乎比以前小了。Fastmodernairplaneshavemadetheworldseemasmallerspace.,.,45,b.由于工作很忙，答复稍迟了些。Pressureofworkhassomewhatdelayedmyanswer.,.,46,8)我国厂家的产品包装和广告宣传明显比不上外国竞争对手。ThepackagingandadvertisingpropagandaofourcompaniescantcomparewithforeigncompetitorsOurcompaniesareinferiortoforeigncompetitorsinproductpackagingandadvertising,.,47,9)农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率很低，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。Inadequatetrainingforfarmersandthelowproductivityofmanyfarmshaveplacedthemajorityofcountrydwellersinadisadvantageousposition.,.,48,10）HischiefcontributionwasmakingmerealizehowmuchmorethanknowledgeIhadbeengettingfromhim.他使我认识到，我从他那里学到的，远远不只是知识，这是他最大的贡献。,.,49,3、应该是句中需突出的信息1）去年年底，我公司已与几十国家与地区的客户签订了上百份合同与协议。Bytheendoflastyear,morethanahundredcontractsandagreementsweresignedwithcustomersoftensofcountriesandareas.,.,50,2）我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的黎平打电话一样容易。AninternationalphonecalltoyouisaseasyasacalltoLiPingdownstairs.,.,51,3）此后，武汉先后与一些世界名城如美国的匹兹堡市建立了友好关系，从而揭开了武汉与外国城市建立友好关系的新的一页。SincethenWuhanhasestablishedfriendlyrelationswithseveralfamouscitiesoftheworld,suchasPittsburghintheUnitedStates.ThusanewpagehasbeenopenedinthehistoryofWuhanontheestablishmentofsistercityrelationswithcitiesinothercountries.,.,52,4、必须符合句中的逻辑关系六种汉语主语：名词性主语动词性主语表时间处所和条件的词语介词引出动作者做主语，如：由主席召开会议别的介词短语主谓主语,.,53,1）他的英语讲的很好。a.HespeaksgoodEnglish.b.HisEnglishspeaksverygood2）晚饭吃了吗？Haveyouhadsupper?,.,54,3)读书可以增长知识。a.Readingbookscanacquireknowledgeb.Throughreadingonecanacquireknowledge,.,55,4)学习英语应该循序渐进。a.LearningEnglishshouldbestepbystepb.OneshouldlearnEnglishstepbystep,.,56,5)我的英语取得了很大进步。a.MyEnglishlearninghasmademuchprogressb.lhavemademuchprogressinEnglishlearning,.,57,6)现在人民的生活离不开电视。a.NowpeopleslifecantleaveTVb.NowpeoplecannotlivewithoutTV,.,58,7)他的历史知识非常渊博。a.Hishistoricalknowledgeisveryrichb.Heisveryrichinhistoricalknowledge,.,59,8)我想我英语没有通过。a.ImafraidmyEnglishexamdoesntpassb.ImafraidIdidnotpassmyEnglishexamlfailedintheexam,.,60,9).我学习很忙，不能去上街。a.Icantgoshoppingasmystudyisverybusyb.IcantgoshoppingasImverybusywithstudy,.,61,10）各国人民的正义斗争都是互相