语言学Analysis-of-meaningppt课件

.,1,5.5Analysisofmeaning,Groupmembers:小英玲玲慧慧,2,Analysisofmeaning意义分析,Componentialanalysis(成分分析）Predicationanalysis(述谓结构分析）,3,Componentialanalysis成分分析,Componentialanalysis-awaytoanalyzelexicalmeaning.Theapproachisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.成分分析法是由结构语义学家提出的分析词义的方法。这个理论是基于这样一个信念：一个词的意义能被分解成被称为语义特征的意义成分。,4,Forexample:man:+HUMAN+ADULT+MALEwoman:+HUMAN+ADULTMALEboy:+HUMANADULT+MALEgirl:+HUMANADULTMALE,5,Predicationanalysis述谓结构分析,1）Themeaningofasentenceisnottobeworkedoutbyaddingupthemeaningofitscomponentwords.首先，句子意义并不是它所有成分意义的总和。e.g“Thedogbitestheman.”issemanticallydifferentfrom“Themanbitesthedog.”thoughtheircomponentsareexactlythesame.,6,Thecatischasingthemouse.Themouseischasingthecat.Ihavereadthatbook.ThatbookIhaveread.ThedaughterofQueenElizabethssonisthesonofQueenElizabethsdaughter.,7,2)therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning:GrammaticalmeaningandSemanticmeaning.其次，句子的意义包括语法意义和语义意义两个方面。,8,e.g.Greencloudsaresleepingfuriously.Sincerityshookhandswiththeblackapple.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalledselectionalrestrictions(选择限制规则)(constraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatother).,9,Predicationanalysis述位结构分析,Predicationanalysis-awaytoanalyzesentencemeaning(BritishG.Leech杰弗里.利奇).Predication-theabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.Apredicationconsistsofargument(s)andpredicate.述谓结构是句子意义的抽象。由变元和谓词构成。,10,Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalsentence.,一个变元就是一个述谓结构的逻辑参与者，在很大程度上等同于一个句子的名词性成分。Apredicateissomethingsaidaboutanargumentstatesthelogicalrelationlinkingtheargumentsinsentence.谓词是对变元所作的陈述，或是陈述一个句子中链接变元之间的逻辑关系。,11,Predicationanalysis述谓结构分析,Accordingtothenumberofargumentscontainedinapredication,wemayclassifythepredicationsintothefollowingtypes:One-placepredication(单位述谓结构):smoke,grow,rise,run,12,Two-placepredication(双位述谓结构）：like,love,save,bite,beat.Three-placepredication(三位述谓结构）：give,sent,promise,call.No-placepredication(空位述谓结构）：Itishot.,13,Predicationanalysis述谓结构分析,Tomsmokes.TOM(SMOKE)Thetreegrowswell.TREE(GROW)Thekidslikeapples.KIDS(LIKE)APPLEIsenthimaletter.I(SEND)HIMLETTER,14,ArgumentandPredicateJohnruns.Runs(John)orR(j)JohnlovesMary.loves(John,Mary)orL(j,m)JohngaveMaryabook.